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The study's objectives are to i) develop a test kit to determine the ability of multiple intelligences (MI) to play basketball in high school and ii) measure a student's MI test ability in playing basketball. The method used is the development of instruments with analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE). The study subjects comprised five schools in five districts in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. With a total sample of 1029 students. The results showed i) that test kits developed to assess students' MI abilities meet valid and reliable requirements. It can be seen from the validity of the contents of V-Aiken (0.96) and the validity of the construct, namely the loading factor > 0.3. With the analysis of the item classically, it detects that the level of difficulty and differentiability of the problem is good and according to the criteria; ii) the results of MI capability measurements show 55% of capabilities with the "high" category, 35% with the "medium" category, and 10% with the "low" category.

The rise and growing prevalence of juvenile delinquency is a matter of concern for many parties. This study aims to establish a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire that can be deployed to assess the learning environment perceived by high school students. This research endeavor constitutes a developmental study, wherein the outcomes are a single survey instrument encompassing six variables, nineteen indicators, and forty questions. The data-collecting process involved the utilization of a Google Form across five schools in five districts, containing a total of 1615 participants. The analysis of expert data was conducted utilizing V. Aiken and field trials employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) Second Order. The findings of this study indicate that the diagnostic survey instrument used to assess the learning environment's impact on the mental health of high school students demonstrated validity, as evidenced by loading factor values exceeding the established minimal threshold. The reliability of the instrument remains insufficient. This survey can be utilized to detect adolescent persistent tendencies carried out by students or other school members that interfere with mental health: the emergence and significant raising of juvenile delinquency.

This research goal to develop a multiple-choice closed-ended test to assessing and evaluate students' digital literacy skills. The sample in this study were students at MTsN 1 Blitar City who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The test was also validated by experts, namely 2 Doctors of Physics and Science from Yogyakarta State University. The test instrument was developed based on five aspects of digital literacy skills: information, communication, content creation, security and problem-solving. Data have been analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the Rasch version and the assist of Quest software. The results showed that eight multiple-choice closed-ended test instruments were declared valid based on expert validation with an Aiken V value of 1.00. The reliability result is 0.97 with a very high category, and the INFIT MNSQ standard deviation value is 0.86-1.16, so seven items are by the Rasch model. Thus, the seven items in the multiple-choice closed-ended test instrument can be used to assessing and evaluate students' digital literacy skills in learning science.

Incorporating ethnoscience into lessons through the ethnoscience-students' worksheet (ESW) is one method to improve student interest in science learning while introducing them to the local culture. However, no research was reported the effects of ESW on students' responses and the factors that influence ESW implementation in science learning. In order to better understand how students learn through ESW, this study investigated the relationship between ethnoscience context, science learning, and the implementation of students' worksheets. Seventy-two students participated in the survey after they studied ethnoscience learning through ESW. Students' responses are more influenced by science learning. In addition, the ethnoscience-integrated students' worksheets (SW) variable indirectly affects students' responses. Additionally, ESW affects students' responses more significantly than science learning and ethnoscience. This research provides insightful implications for educators on planning, designing, and practicing ESW to enhance students' problem-solving motivation and academic achievement. Furthermore, to contribute significantly to future researchers, further research employed the structural equation model through covariance analysis, also known as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

The volunteer function inventory (VFI) is an assessment tool to measure individual volunteer motivation. VFI measures individual motivation to volunteer by examining the functional motives of each volunteer. This research aimed to adapt the VFI to the Indonesian language. VFI consists of 30 items divided into five dimensions. This study utilized a non-experimental quantitative research method. Samples were acquired by accidental random sampling with N = 176. In this study, reliability testing was carried out with items and dimensions of Cronbach's [alpha]. Validity tests were examined using construct validity and item analysis. The results of the Indonesian version of VFI showed high reliability and validity. Besides, the item analysis also shows that the quality of each item is excellent. The Indonesian version of VFI will be suitable for various education fields in Indonesia to measure the students' voluntary willingness in community development activities, for example, in measuring the impact of volunteerism in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) social activities and other activities within the communities.

Alternative conceptions become obstacles in physics. However, it is difficult to find instruments that can identify students' alternative conceptions, especially in gases kinetic theory (DIGaKiT). The purpose of this research was to development of diagnostic instrument of DIGaKiT in identifying students' alternative conceptions by Rasch analysis model. The research method used the defining, designing, developing, and disseminating (4D). The samples are 31 students (12 male students and 19 female students, their ages were typically 16 years old) at one of the senior high schools at Belitung. Rasch analysis was used to identify the validity, reliability, and distribution of students' alternative conceptions. The result is that the level of validity and reliability of the instrument is in a good category. Meanwhile, alternative conceptions of the kinetic theory of gases can be identified in all questions, and the questions with the highest alternative conceptions are questions with code Q11 (77%) and the lowest are questions with codes Q1, Q5, and Q6 (4%). Therefore, teachers must design learning processes that can reduce students' alternative conceptions of the kinetic theory of gases material.

This study aims to develop an online test that can be used to characterize students' conception of objects in static fluid. The test developed by carried out several stages, namely: modified previous essay test and formed the Tier-1 of multiple-choice questions with options taken from the findings previous studies; combined the reasons for choosing options in Tryout-1 and the findings of previous studies for forming Tier-2; expert validation process; refinement process, readability test tryout with revisions; data collection involving 318 pre-service elementary school teachers to characterize the online test based on item response theory; and revised some items. Rasch analysis was implemented to characterized the test and subjects. The developed test consists of 23 items in two-tier covering the context of floating, sinking, and suspending objects. The results of validation showed that in the development process, the test has very good for item validity. Rasch analysis showed that, overall, the test functioned well with its item reliability is very good category. Based on the findings and difficulty level, the test can be used for middle school students up to college level with some notion. Some limitations of the test are presented in this paper.

Evaluation of child-friendly school (CFS) policies is essential to determine the achievements of school efforts in reducing violence cases. This research aims to proving the reliability and validity of CFS policy evaluation instruments in elementary schools with different locations. This investigation uses the Context Input Process Product (CIPP) evaluation model to confirm the factor structure or dimensions of several observed variables (items) to evaluate the reliability and validity of the CFS policy evaluation tool in elementary schools. The validity and reliability of previously created instruments are evaluated quantitatively, but this study utilises different subjects and study sites. There were 320 respondents, with 145 school principals and 175 teachers taken randomly. Confirmatory factors analysis (CFA) results show goodness of fit (GOF), and the model is acceptable. The CFS evaluation instrument can be accepted after eliminating several question items and modifying them. All items of the teal instrument meet the goodness of fit criteria in terms of chi-square and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The instrument for evaluating CFS policies in primary schools using the CIPP model has met a valid and reliable psychometric property test so that it can be applied.

The purposes of this research are (a) to make an instrument to measure the achievement of project-based digitalpreneurship learning in students; (b) to describe the quality of the project-based digitalpreneurship learning achievement assessment instrument for vocational high school students; (c) to measure the competence and skills. This study employed to research and development as its methodology, using a combination procedure between Oriondo and Antonio and, Mardapi. The development procedure includes three stages: instrument design, instrument testing, and measurement. A total of 795 students who participated in the study at 5 vocational high schools in Yogyakarta's special region served as responders. Data analysis in this development uses the content validity of the formula Aiken V Index, confirmatory factor analysis establishes the construct's validity, and construct reliability. Measurement instrument development. Research findings that (a) the instrument is ready to be used in the measurement; (b) the quality of the project-based digitalpreneruship learning achievement assessment instrument for vocational high school students is well tested. This is evidenced by the validity test which has a high score >0.8; The proof of construct validity in this study using CFA > 0.5; GOF chi-square value with a critical value of df = 289, X2 = 323, p-value with a critical value of 0.079, RMSEA with a critical value of RMSEA 0.019 ([less than or equal to] 0.08), SMRM with a critical value of SRMR 0.030 ([less than or equal to] 0.05), CFI with a critical value of CFI 0.990 (> 0.97), and an NFI with a critical value of NFI 0.989 ( > 0.90); (c) the measurement results are identified in the process that needs to be improved again regarding the digitalpreneurship skills of vocational high school students.

Researchers design diagnostic assessments to measure students' knowledge structures and processing skills to provide information about their cognitive attribute. The purpose of this study is to determine the instrument's validity and score reliability, as well as to investigate the use of classical test theory to identify item characteristics. The data used in the form of responses to elementary school mathematics subject. There are 166 students from 5 public elementary schools who participate in the study. The data analysis technique used is the analysis of item characteristics based on classical test theory using the R software package. The results showed that the developed mathematical ability diagnostic instrument had high content validity based on the Aiken formula and valid construct validity based on the CFA approach. According to the Spearman-Brown formulation, the correlation coefficient is about 0.889, indicating high internal consistency reliability. In the index of difficulty level, overall, it is categorized as moderate items. The discriminatory index shows that there are two items, namely items 9 and 17, with low discriminating power, so the two items are not used. Of the 60 total distractors, 5 (8.3%) did not function well because less than 5% of the participants chose them. In contrast, as many as 55 distractors (91.7%) have functioned well.

This study describes the characteristics of the test and its items used in the national-standardized school examination by applying classical test theory and focusing on the item difficulty, item discrimination, test reliability, and distractor analysis. We analyzed response data of 191 12th graders from one of public senior high schools in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia,to the examination on the elective mathematics subject. The results showed that both multiple-choice and essay items contained in the test were at a moderate level of difficulty. The lowest item difficulty index went to the multiple-choice item where students failed in interpreting straight and dashed lines and went to the essay item that required complex intra-mathematical connections. In addition, we only found one item which was poor in distinguishing student competence. Furthermore, students' test scores on multiple-choice and essay items were reliable. Although most multiple-choice items had at least two functioning distractors, it was still found two items whose all distractors were not functioning. In this article, we provide some suggestions concerning improvement towards mathematics learning practices.

In the virtual laboratory learning process, students' scientific abilities in solving a problem are very important to explore. This study aims to develop classroom-based authentic assessment instruments through virtual laboratory learning in chemistry to see an increase in students' scientific performance. The research was conducted at a public high school in Langsa City with a sample of 11th-grade students Academic Year 2021/2022, the utilized subjects being a total of 118 students taken based on purposive sampling. The research data are needs analysis through interviews with chemistry teachers who have implemented technology-based learning, analyzing the feasibility of instruments through expert validation questionnaires before the learning process, and scientific performance through learning observation sheets during the learning process. The increase in students' scientific performance data was then analyzed using the N-Gain formula and t-test to see the difference in improvement after the authentic assessment was applied. The results show that authentic assessment is feasible to use an increase in students' scientific performance. From the small-scale test, the students' scientific performance was a high category and there is a significant difference in improvement. The use of authentic assessment through virtual laboratories is expected to provide active learning solutions to improve student learning outcomes.

Entrepreneurship education had an important contribution in developing the number of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship education could be specified into two constructs, namely curriculum attendance and extracurricular activity. The purpose of the study was to measure and assess entrepreneurship education for students. This study examines a new instrument of curriculum attendance and extracurricular activity. The research method consists of two phases: the first phase was content validity, and the second phase was construct validity assisted by AMOS. The first phase examines the measurement instrument by involving seven experts. The second phase examines the instrument by involving students (N= 393) from various backgrounds at Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (ULM). Content validity using V-Aiken, and construct validity using EFA. The results show that 1) curriculum attendance could be measured by two indicators, namely participation in the entrepreneurship course (3 items) and enjoyment in the entrepreneurship course (3 items), and 2) extracurricular activity measured by five indicators, namely the entrepreneurial community (3 items), enthusiasm for entrepreneurship (2 items), entrepreneurship seminar (2 items), entrepreneurial project (3 items), and entrepreneurial spirit (2 items). This research implies is that the instrument can be used by researchers in universities to evaluate entrepreneurship education.

This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the IoJEPD model instrument to improve the competence of elementary school teachers. This study uses content validity. Quantitative methods and professional experts are the considerations used in this research. The stage of proving the validity of this instrument is carried out utilizing a validation process involving three experts in the fields of learning, evaluation, and experts in the field of instrument preparation. Validity is carried out in the form of a rating scale, which is shown at the level of agreement of the validator rating on the validation items and the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient to measure reliability. The results showed that: (1) 15 items of interview guidelines were valid with a validity index range of 0.883; (2) 17 items of valid teacher response questionnaire with a validity index range of 0.877; (3) 50 valid pedagogical competency questionnaires with a validity index range of 0.865; and (4) 40 valid professional competency questionnaires with a validity index range of 0.838. With Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, the reliability of the pedagogical competency test above is 0.901 and the professional competency test is 0.810. So it can be concluded that the scale is valid and very reliable to measure the professional and pedagogic competence of elementary school teachers.

Learning geography in Indonesia philosophically aims to develop spatial literacy. Students must improve spatial literacy to form reasoning skills and apply spatial concepts in real life. Applying Gersmehl's spatial learning can improve students' spatial literacy through syntax arranged based on spatial aspects. The use of google earth helps students to complete case studies of disaster mitigation materials without the need to go directly to the field. This quasi-experimental research refers to the posttestonly control group design by comparing the posttest of spatial literacy in the experimental and control classes. This study involved students of class XI IPS SMAN 1 Blitar City. The instrument is a five-point description test based on indicators of spatial literacy in disaster mitigation materials standardized with validity and reliability tests. The research data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis tests. The data tested were in the form of posttest scores for spatial literacy in the experimental and control classes. The results of Gersmehl's spatial learning influence spatial literacy. The use of LKPD bridges the implementation of spatial learning syntax with Google Earth as a geospatial medium. The implementation of syntax in spatial learning is interrelated with spatial literacy indicators, thereby increasing students' spatial literacy based on experience and spatial recognition.

This study intends to describe assessment strategies for young students' online learning. The participants in this descriptive qualitative study were 15 primary school principals and 35 teachers teaching Years 4 and 5 in urban and rural schools on the island of Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, who volunteered their participation after undergoing comparable procedures. Using operational concepts of assessment of learning for online learning, class observation, and interview were organized. The content and structure validity of the measures were evaluated in accordance with the developmental periods of young learners. The findings showed that the teachers assessed the primary students' cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains interactively during the online class meetings, in their portfolio, and through attitude direct observation. Several assessment strategies were advocated to circumvent the shortcomings of online learning. A criterion-referenced evaluation was used to conduct the analysis. The theoretical implications of the findings suggest that the various assessment procedures adopted have decreased the negative washback of online exams; however, further research is required to determine the consistency of the outcomes of online tests with other types of evaluation.

Purpose: A sublime social attitude ("brahmavihara") has been identified as a crucial aspect of Buddhist Education (BE) for fostering prosocial behavior. Therefore, this study aims to construct and establish the validity of a sublime social attitude scale for prospective teachers of BE, as well as to detect social desirability bias (SDB). Methodology: This is a development research through a survey method using a quantitative approach that produces a scale to measure the "brahmavihara" of prospective Buddhist education teachers. The content validity was quantitatively analysed by calculating and comparing three statistical methods for item relevance, namely content validity index, binomial test, and asymmetric score confidence interval, based on the evaluation of nine experts. Furthermore, empirical testing was conducted using second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 233 respondents from a population 1012. The identification of item susceptibility to SDB was carried out through qualitative rating by three raters on a draft of a sublime social attitude scale and empirically confirmed by CFA. Findings: The results showed that "brahmavihara," a psychological attribute consisting of four dimensions, namely loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity, were empirically proven by CFA. Empirical testing resulted in 24 valid items having a fit model with the goodness of fit criteria fulfilled. Further, five items were identified by the experts as potentially vulnerable to SDB, and only one was empirically confirmed to be vulnerable based on the CFA. Significance: The instrument developed in this study could serve as an effective assessment tool for BE instructors and a psychological scale for other stakeholders to measure "brahmavihara" in the recruitment of BE teachers.

This study aimed to develop a specific Mathematical Content Knowledge (MCK) test focused on multiplication for pre-service mathematics teachers in Indonesia and Türkiye. No assessment tool exists to measure MCK related to multiplication among pre-service mathematics teachers. We used convenience sampling to obtain data from third- and fourth-year pre-service teachers in Indonesian and Turkish mathematics teacher education programs. The test items were administered to 423 Indonesian pre-service mathematics teachers and 413 Turkish preservice mathematics teachers, and their responses were analyzed using factor analysis. The MCK test was found to be reliable, with 18 items that were grouped into four components: procedural knowledge of multiplication (C1), understanding of multiple representations (C2), conceptual knowledge of multiplication (C3), and anticipating students' thinking (C4). The study results suggest that a valid MCK test helps evaluate multiplication in these four components. Additionally, the study findings indicate that Indonesian pre-service teachers score higher in the C1 and C4 categories, while Turkish pre-service teachers score higher in the C2 and C3 categories.

The aim of this study was to develop an application-based assessment tool for evaluating motor perception learning in children with intellectual disabilities who attend elementary classes in State Special Schools in Yogyakarta City. The tool was designed to align with the characteristics of these children and determine their mastery of motor perception activities in the educational context. The measurement instruments were designed based on the underlying concept of the research, and the items were structured as follows: (1) Sensory awareness, which assessed the children's ability to identify and select balls of different sizes; (2) Balance awareness, which involved the children climbing blocks over a 5-meter distance; (3) Space awareness, which examined the children's ability to form shapes (circles, triangles, and rectangles) using body movements; (4) Body awareness, which evaluated the children's knowledge of the functions of different body parts (feet, hands, eyes, and ears); (5) Time awareness, which assessed the children's throwing and catching abilities using light and heavy balls; and (6) Directional awareness, which tested the children's ability to throw the ball in different directions (up, down, front, and back). The results indicated that the motor perception activity evaluation tool consisted of six items, each of which assessed the mastery of motor perception in children with intellectual disabilities who attend elementary classes. The validity of the test was found to be 0.720, and the reliability was 0.837. In conclusion, this research successfully developed an application-based learning evaluation tool and established motor perception assessment norms for children with intellectual disabilities attending elementary grades in State Special Schools in Yogyakarta City. These tools can be utilized by physical education teachers to assess the motor perception activities of children with intellectual disabilities in an educational setting.

The physical fitness course is a mandatory subject for undergraduate students at Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia. However, there is limited physical activity possibly performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, conventional physical fitness tests and measurements could not be conducted in a conventional way. This study aimed to test the possibility of the Personal Physical Fitness Test (PPT) being implemented by college students who were enrolled in a physical fitness course. There were 1.639 college students aged 18 ± 0.81 years old who participated in this study. The independent physical fitness test was designed to represent several physical components i.e., standing board jump (lower body strength). Plank (core strength), push-ups (upper body strength), and one-minute skipping (cardiorespiratory). The data were in the normal distribution. Male students performed better than females in every test (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the data were categorized on each test based on gender. The categories are excellent, good, fair, poor, and very poor. In a further study, the personal physical fitness test could be implemented in a larger sample size.

This research was motivated by several obstacles, including teachers in the learning process only focusing on thick textbooks and the student worksheets provided by the school were less interesting and effective. The aim of this research is to develop chart learning media based on Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) to improve critical thinking skills. This development research was carried out at Junior High School 7 of Bengkulu, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia using the Thiagarajan 4-D model which consists of four stages. The instruments used were media suitability validation questionnaires, teacher responses, student responses, and students' critical thinking ability tests on STEM-based graphic media. Data from questionnaire analysis by calculating the percentage of achievement for each component is 86.6% (material expert), 100% (linguist), 98.75% (media/design expert), and 88.3% (test question expert) with the category suitable for use. The practicality of graphic learning media based on student response data and science teacher responses conducted in limited trials shows that STEM-based graphic learning media on Plant Structure and Function material includes very practical criteria for use without revision with percentages of 92, 80%, and 94%. The effectiveness of media has an important role and helps students develop their potential in the learning process. The conclusion of this research is that the media developed has been practically and effectively used as a learning medium in supporting the teaching and learning process on the structure and function of plants in improving the critical thinking skills of class VIII junior high school students.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, various misinformation circulating among the public has the potential to be a source of misconceptions. This study aimed to validate the online three-tier diagnostic instrument test for Virus and COVID-19 as well as analyze the level of misconceptions experienced by students. The Treagust model is used as a reference for the instrument development process. Three public high schools providing 187 second grade students who had previously studied Virus content were involved as research respondents, The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics. Construct and content validity obtained from expert validation reached 89.88% and 97.12%, respectively. The results of data analysis also inform that each item was valid and the instrument was reliable. The average percentage of students who experience misconceptions was 39.96%. The average percentage of students who understand the topic correctly was 32.10%. The percentage of lucky guess reached 14.83% and students with low level of knowledge reached 13.10%. The diagnostic test as overall, was successful in detecting students' misconceptions. To overcome misconceptions and improve the quality of learning during a pandemic, biology learning must apply creative learning models, methodologies, and teaching materials.

This study aims to develop instruments and evaluate teachers' involvement in planning the schools' budgeting at elementary schools of Yogyakarta Province. The teachers' involvement in planning the school's budgeting was crucial because teachers knew what activities that can increase the schools' quality and budgeting are needed for every activity. This research was development research and evaluation. The population in this study were elementary school teachers of Yogyakarta Province. The samples of this research were some teachers who are taken randomly proportionally from every sub-district of Yogyakarta Province. Data were collected using a survey technique. Instruments that have been developed and validated in terms of content and constructs are distributed to teachers to evaluate the budget planning carried out by each elementary school of Yogyakarta Province. There were three data analyses used in this study, namely Aiken validity analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and quantitative descriptive data analysis by determining the percentage of answers and comparing them with the evaluation criteria proposed by the evaluation expert. The analysis results showed that the 10 indicators obtained from the theoretical exploration resulted in 35 items and only 29 items were valid and reliable both in terms of content and constructs, while the remaining 6 items were discarded. The evaluation results show that the teachers' involvement in planning schools' budgeting is in the quite good category.

Self-determination can affect students to have a positive way of thinking and acting, also to make realistic choices so they can make a decision responsibly. This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to measure student self-determination and validate it. This study was conducted in 2019, involved 406 university students as participants consisting of 78 males and 328 females, aged 20-24 years in Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. This study utilized the quantitative approach as its method and there are 18 questionnaires with a 7-point Likert scale as an answer choice. The data analysis used the Rasch model, "i.e." Winsteps software. Study results show that the Cronbach Alpha value, which measures the interaction between the person and items, is 0.96, which falls into the excellent category of performance. In addition, the Person Reliability of 0.94 demonstrates that the respondents have consistently correctly answered questions, even in the outstanding category. The items in the self-determination questionnaire have high reliability so that they can be used to measure the self-determination of university students.

This research aims to reveal the effectiveness of the use of Kofie GeBoL media in improving (1) vector representation ability and (2) critical thinking ability in physics instruction. It is a descriptive quantitative study with the quasi-experiment design. It was conducted in two stages: empirical try out and implementation of Kofie GeboL to see the media effectiveness. It was conducted in four high schools in Sleman Regency, including State Senior High School (SSHS) 1 Mlati with 64 students, SSHS 1 Ngaglik with 96 students, SSHS 1 Ngemplak with 56 students, and SHS Bina Umat with 46 students on the learning materials of Parabolic Movement in October, Semester 1 of the academic year 2019/2020. The research instrument is a vector representation and critical thinking ability test which is valid and dan reliable according to the empirical test. The data analysis used the QUEST application to see the validity and reliability of the test items and the MANOVA test to see the media effectiveness. The research finding shows that the Kofie GeBoL is effective in improving students' vector representation and critical thinking abilities with the Cohen's value in each variable being 0.46 and 0.57 interpreted as "Large Effect Size." This can also be seen in the "N-gain" scores of vector representation and critical thinking abilities of 0.7 and 0.8 respectively, which are in a high category. So similar research can be done for other physics theory to improve students' scientific abilities.

Parenting style was a set of parental attitude and behavior communicated by parents to children, forming an emotional climate condition used by parents to raise children. The study on parenting style had been conducted for a long time, but measurement of parenting style in Indonesia was still experiencing problem due to lack of sufficient and proper instrument, despite the monumental need for a valid and reliable instrument. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure, internal consistency and others psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire-short form (PSDQ-SF). The instrument comprises 32 items (12 questions regarding the authoritative style, 15 questions regarding the authoritarian style, and five questions regarding the permissive style). The research sample consisted of 169 mothers with children of 5-7 years of age. Research was conducted in Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia. Structural equation modelling (SEM) with LISREL 9.20 was utilized as the data analysis technique. Data analysis results by CFA second order showed that construct validity testing fulfilled the minimum criteria, with the factor loading range of 0.51-0.99. The reliability score's Cronbach's alpha also fulfilled the requirement, including the authoritative parenting style 0.86; the authoritarian parenting style 0.76 and the permissive authoritarian parenting style 0.67. These findings support the PSDQ-SF original structure. The results showed that the adaptation of PSDQ-SF in Indonesia was valid and reliable to use in measurement of parenting styles of parents of children of 5-7 years of age in Indonesia.

This research is a developmental research aiming at developing a good mathematical test instrument using polytomous responses based on classical and modern theories. This research design uses the Plomp model, which consists of five stages, (1) preliminary investigation, (2) design, (3) realization/construction, (4) revision, and (5) implementation (testing). The study was conducted in three vocational schools in Lampung Province, Indonesia. The study involved 413 students, consisting of 191 male and 222 female students. The data were collected through questionnaire and test. The questionnaire was used to identify the assessment instruments currently employed by teachers and to be validated by the experts of mathematics and educational evaluation. The test used an open polytomous response test numbering of 40 items. The data were analyzed using both classical and modern theories. The results show that (1) the open polytomous response test has a good category according to classical and modern theory. However, the discrimination power of test items in classical theory needs several revisions, (2) the assessment instrument using the polytomous response of open multiple choice can guarantee information on the actual competence of students. This is proven by the fact that there is a harmony between the analysis result obtained from classical and modern theory from the students' arguments when giving reasons for their choices. Therefore, the open polytomous response test can be used as an alternative to learning assessment.

Research on growth mindset shows a positive trend in the recent years. The importance of the growth mindset for students is growing to be a center in education, but the valid scale to assess the variable in Indonesia is still limited. The study aims to measure the validity and reliability of the adaptation mindset scale in the Indonesian context. The scale was developed by Carol Dweck in 2008. The study recruited 554 students from universities consisting of students in diploma, bachelor, master, and doctoral programs in Indonesia. The research used the Rasch model to test the validity and reliability of the mindset scale instrument considering the five Fisher's criteria. The results indicated good results based on the internal consistency of the instrument with a reliability value of 0.99 and Cronbach's alpha value of 0.88. The construction validation of the scale still did not meet the fair criteria on the Fisher standard (Fisher, 2007), but the number was found acceptable according to some studies. Meanwhile, the results of the misfit test showed that each item had met the standard of a good instrument in which the MNSQ value was between 0.71-1.4 in the good category. The recommendation for further study was discussed.

This research aims to develop the product of the life skill education program (LSEP) which is accurate, credible, and effective. This research used the Plomp model. The model covers the input, process, output, outcome and consists of instrument, scoring guidance, and good or bad criteria. The instruments used in the model are the questionnaire, observation sheet and interview guide. The content validity of the questionnaire and observation sheet was proved by expert judgement and continued by using the Aiken Formula, the construct validity of the questionnaire was proved by the construct validity using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The content validity of the questionnaire and observation sheet involved 9 validity experts. The questionnaire construct was done in two steps; the first step involved 65 students analyzed using EFA and the second step involved 199 students analyzed with CFA. The reliability of the observation sheet and questionnaire was estimated by using the Cronbach Alpha technique. The result of the trial model and its analysis shows that all the instruments are good. LSEP model is tested by involving 15 students in the course and training institute. The result of the trial model shows that the model is effective because the users explains that the model is: a) comprehensive, covering many components and sub component programs such as the input, process, output, outcome, b) practical, simple and easy in usage, c) economical, not needing much cost, energy, and time, also d) supported by valid and reliable data collection instrument.

This study aimed to develop an instrument to assess science teacher candidates' professional and pedagogical competence in the Industrial revolution 4.0. The instrument consisted of 30 questions and was used in the main study, which was analyzed using the Rasch model to unravel the reliability and empirical validity. The questions were developed based on a predetermined grid including the skills and literacy aspects used in the industrial revolution 4.0. The 30 revised questions were then tested on 60 students of Science Education at two State universities in Indonesia who were in their third year of study times. The Rasch model was employed to test its reliability and empirical validity that included Wright map analysis, item difficulty level, distractor analysis, and item suitability with the Rasch model. The results showed that the reliability value of the professional aspect was 0.95 and classified as an excellent category. Moreover, the pedagogic aspect obtained 0.93 and was classified as a very good category. Only one question was the most difficult and did not fit the Rasch model, while the others already fitted. This reliable and valid instrument is suggested to be useful in assessing pre-service science teachers' competence.

The accuracy of learning results relies on the evaluation and assessment. The learning goals, including problem solving ability must be aligned with the valid standardized measurement tools. The study on exploring the nature of problem-solving, framework, and assessment in the Indonesian context will make contributions to problem solving assessment in Indonesian educational learning system. This review involved 32 studies that focus on problem-solving test development conducted in Indonesia and have the Indonesian version of the test. All tests are in the scope of certain subjects (mathematics, science, physics, and chemistry) and administered grade 7 to undergraduate level. Each test revealed a good value of reliability. Most of them have acceptable reliability score (r-value between 0.60 and 0.80) and high-reliability score (r > 0.80). Besides, they also showed content and construct validity (acceptable r value in Pearson product moment analysis and INFIT MNSQ index), but additional analysis is needed to fully develop the tests' empirical evidence. All the tests are categorized as domain specific problem solving which focus on mathematics, science for junior high school, physics, chemistry, and biology. In addition, the topic coverage in the test should be improved and further studies about the measurement of problem-solving and test development are needed in the case of the Indonesian context.

Student problems in the COVID-19 condition are very complex and urgent in the needs of the COVID-19 pandemic and after COVID-19. School counsellors have the competence to identify through assessment. However, not all reviews can analyze students' problems comprehensively. This study focuses on assessing student problems that can diagnose the condition of students from the personal, social, academic, and career fields. The research method uses a mixed-method through qualitative data supported by quantitative data. The research targets were students, then tested the validity and reliability for students N=929. The results of data analysis describe ten students' problems from the personal, social, learning, and career fields with valid and reliable items. The results of item validity are 49 accurate statement items or corrected item-total correlation > 0.1161, while one thing is invalid with 0.936 reliability or very high criteria. School counsellors can use assessment of student problems in analyzing student problems and needs. The results of the evaluation can be used for guidance and counselling plans by school counsellors.

The study objectives were (1) developing a valid and reliable Affective Self-assessment Instrument of Chemistry for High School Student and (2) discovering the chemistry affective domain ability trend of high school students based on gender. The current development study utilized 10 non-test instrument development procedures from Mardapi. The study population was all high school students in Yogyakarta Special Region. The sample size was 405 students categorized into two stages and sampling techniques, i.e., the trial stage using cluster random sampling and the measurement stage using simple random sampling. The data analysis techniques were validity test using the Aiken index and construct validity and reliability using the second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis model. The study findings were (1) the Affective Self-assessment Instrument of Chemistry for High School Student had 15 valid and reliable items and 15 available items to be utilized by teachers to measure students' affective in the learning process and (2) the chemistry affective domain ability trend of male high school students was dominated by the "good" category and "very good" category for female students.

Science teachers are the primary agents in developing students' scientific literacy. Therefore, it is essential to identify teachers' perceptions of scientific literacy in order to increase students' scientific literacy. This study was designed to develop and validate an instrument of Indonesian science teachers' perceptions of scientific literacy. The questionnaire was developed based on previous research findings and focus group discussions involving six experts. The factors and internal consistency were examined by involving 808 students from various universities in Indonesia. Validity and reliability were tested using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. This study results showed 41 questionnaire items with acceptable internal validity and consistency. The questionnaires are recommended as a measure of the development of perceptions of prospective science teachers.

Education in the 21st century was assigned by rapidly increasing advances in information and communication technologies. Integrated learning in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) was one of the learning trends of the 21st century. A no-test tool has been developed that is used to measure lecturers' perception of the STEM approach. Based on the results of the analysis and data processing, the non-test instruments were reliable and valid. The results of the Cronbach alpha tests were 0.750 for the material, 0.896 for the construct, and 0.778 for the language. This Cronbach alpha number was included in the high-reliability category with a Cronbach alpha number > 0.05. The average validity value of the expert approval for the instrument, on the other hand, rose from 81.5% (good category) to 93% (very good category). Moreover, Cohen's kappa coefficients were 0.038, 0.033, and -0.019. Somehow, this means that there was little agreement between the compared experts. The results showed that the lecturers' perception of the STEM learning approach was predominantly very good. However, the willingness of the lecturers strongly influences the implementation of STEM in their learning.

The study of character becomes a very important discussion in the 21st century. So that the integration of character values is very important both in the process and in educational assessment. The purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the character assessment instrument for 21st-century high school students. The research approach used was quantitative with a sample of 200 high school students. Data analysis carried out includes validity and reliability tests. The test results of the instrument showed that the construct of the student character assessment instrument was declared valid and reliable. The content validity test shows the value of Aiken's > 0.80 in the high category. In the construct validation test with EFA, all variables have a loading factor > 0.5. In the CFA test, the model is declared fit with the estimated standard loading value of 0.40 and the t-count value > 1.96. Meanwhile, while in testing the reliability of the instrument obtained composite > 0.70 Cronbach's Alpha reliability > 0.70 which means reliable. So that this instrument is declared valid and reliable to measure the character of students in high school.

The purpose of the present study is to provide empirical evidence on the adaptation of the mathematics-related beliefs questionnaire (MRBQ) supplemented by info-communication technology-related items. Besides, we also investigate the relationship between their beliefs about mathematics and their ability in problem-solving mathematics. 234 grade eight students from five schools in Java, Indonesia, participated in this study. The questionnaire has appropriate reliability. To examine the validity of the questionnaire, factor analysis was applied, and regression analysis was conducted to explore students' beliefs and their relation to their performance. Factor analysis revealed a good fit of the model; therefore, confirming the validity of MRBQ in the Indonesian context. Descriptive statistics showed students' tendency to follow the nonrealistic approach when doing word problems. Regression analysis indicated the significant role of beliefs in mathematics predicting students' performance on mathematical word problems.

The purpose of this study was to find out the correlation between students' reading literacy ability and writing visual text ability for seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Pematangsiantar. 133 respondents from 200 populations were randomly selected using simple random sampling technique from a Junior High School in Pematangsiantar City. This research applied a quantitative research method using correlation research. Data was collected using tests including multiple choice and essay. Using the Pearson products moment formula, this study analyzed data from both tests. The hypothesis of this research is H1 which states that there is a correlation between reading literacy ability and writing visual text ability and H0 states that there is no correlation between reading literacy ability and writing visual text ability. The results of this study indicate the correlation coefficient between the two variables is r =0.91 It means that there is a very strong relationship between reading ability and writing visual text ability. Based on the correlation coefficient, it can be concluded that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. Then, the coefficient of determination is symbolized by r2 is 0.83, it means the students' writing visual text ability is 83% influenced by reading literacy ability.

The scale of measuring academic resilience in a decade has experienced rapid development. Numerous instruments have been formulated by previous researchers, but it has not explicitly measured the academic resilience for preservice teachers. The purpose is to construct a new measure of academic resilience for preservice teachers, which consists of two stages: the validity and reliability of the instrument; and continued with differences in academic resilience for preservice teachers among the fields of social, science, and language. Measurement instruments were given to lectures (eight experts) and students (n=236) from various universities in Medan, Indonesia. The content validity used V-Aiken, and construct validity used confirmatory factor analysis; reliability using the interclass correlation coefficient and internal consistency reliability. The results show that the constructs of composure, commitment, control, coordination, empathy, perseverance, and adaptive have excellent and accurate validity and reliability to measure academic resilience. The findings are specific that there are significant differences in the academic resilience for preservice teachers among field of sciences. Researchers imply that they can use these instruments appropriate and responsive to academic resilience for preservice teachers highlighting among the sciences' domain so that future research can be carried out to explore these differences.

This research aims to develop HOTS physics questions based on Modern Test Theory designed and presented with LMS Moodle on e-learning, which can be accessed online. This study also serves as one of the efforts to expand students' HOTS by applying a variety of HOTS-based learning sources. Further, this research employed the ADDIE model with analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The instrument consisted of 24 multiple-choice physics questions; the questions were designed by following the aspects and sub-aspects of HOTS and validated by the assessment of physics experts, physicists, and lecturers. Moreover, the validity analysis was based on Aiken's V formula, in which every aspect was confirmed to be valid. The instrument had been tested on 34 students of the Physics Education Department, Universitas Papua. Dichotomy data analysis used the Rasch Model (RM) 1-PL through the Quest program, and the test characteristics comprised item fitness, reliability, and difficulty. The trial result obtained the criteria of INFIT MNSQ mean and standard deviation of 1.0 and 0.0, respectively, indicating that the items fitted the RM1-PL. In addition, the value of item reliability based on the item estimate summary arrived at 0.66; meanwhile, the case reliability under the summary of the case estimate accounted for 0.85.

This research had the main objective to develop a new form/design in the development of test instruments that valid and reliable. The form of the test instrument that was developed adopted the Superitem concept and was integrated into software called Wondershare. Through the integration, digital format test instruments were realized with the structures of the questions' difficulty level which were tiered from the easiest to the hardest stages. The development of these digital test instruments used a quantitative approach to obtain valid and reliable instruments. The stages of development included: 1) determination of the instrument items, 2) test the validity and reliability of instrument items, 3) determination of final instruments as digital test questions, 4) inputting digital test questions into the Wondershare application, 5) trials of the digital test instruments, 6) revision of digital test instruments, and 7) finalization of digital test instruments. The content validation test of instruments involved two education experts, the reliability test of instruments involved 42 respondents, and the trials of digital test instruments based on Wondershare-Superitem involved 12 respondents. Data collection related to content validation test, instrument reliability, and trials of digital test instruments used the instruments in the form of questionnaires. Analysis of the trial results of digital test instruments using analysis techniques of quantitative descriptive by percentage descriptive formula. The results of this research showed the design of digital format test instruments based on the Wondershare-Superitem that are valid and reliable for supporting distance learning implementation of assessment course.

Biology learning, based on the curriculum-2013, requires students to be skilled at analyzing, evaluating, and creating to achieve Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Thus, HOTS assessment instrument is crucial to be made. This study aimed to produce HOTS assessment instrument focused on circulatory system materials for XI graders. This research was conducted by using Research and Development (R&D) method with "4-D" model. The subjects of this study were: two biology lecturers from Faculty of Mathematics and Science of Universitas Negeri Padang, two biology teachers, and 33 XI graders of Public Senior High School 1 Nan Sabaris. The data were collected using questionnaires which were validated by experts and analyzed using ANATES 4.09. The validity results reached as high as 87.54% (very valid) in which the empirical validity value was 88%. Meanwhile, the instrument was stated as very reliable (0.78), has a moderate difficulty, good differentiating power, and excellent option quality. Thus, as the recommendation, this instrument can be used to foster students' HOTS.

This cross-sectional study aimed to validate students' metacognition awareness inventory in Heat and Temperature material. A total of 167 public senior high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia were selected through convenience sampling technique. The heat and temperature metacognition awareness inventory (HeTMAI) inventory consists of six factors, namely: (1) Knowledge of cognition; (2) Planning; (3) Monitoring; (4) Evaluation; (5) Debugging; and (6) Information management. HeTMAI used a 5-point Likert scale. The data was analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method through the Maximum Likelihood approach. All statistics were found to meet acceptance values. The four GOF indices (X[superscript 2]/df=2.36, CFI=0.97, TLI=0.97, and SRMR=0.06) have supported the fit of the six-factor HeTMAI model. Standardized factor loading (SFL), construct reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE) and discriminant values provide evidence that HeTMAI has sufficient convergent and discriminant validity. Cronbach's alpha value of 0.96 indicated HeTMAI has very adequate evidence of reliability.

This study aimed to: (1) produce higher order thinking skill (HOTS) assessment instruments in learning Indonesian history; (2) know the validity of HOTS assessment instruments in learning Indonesian history; and (3) find out the characteristics of HOTS questions in learning Indonesian history. This study employed the research and development method of the Borg and Gall model. The HOTS test item was conducted on 36 students in class XI of 2 Ngaglik State Senior High School. Data analysis includes tests of validity, reliability, level of difficulty, distinguishing features and deception index. The study found: (1) the HOTS assessment instrument of multiple-choice questions consisted of 25 items; (2) the results of the HOTS question validation by two Indonesian history learning assessment experts on the material, construction and language aspects were valid and appropriate. The results of the validation by three Indonesian history teachers also stated that the assessment instruments were valid and appropriate; and (3) the characteristics of HOTS questions had fulfilled the validity criteria of 23 questions, reliability with a coefficient of 0.97 (very strong), the average difficulty level is 0.33 (moderate), the average differentiation test is 0.42 (good), and the average deception index is 0.56 (good).

The paper aims to develop the instrument about analogy test to measure the level of intelligence of undergraduate students. Determination of the number of samples is done by purposive sampling technique. This instrument is analyzed by factor analysis. Of the 15 items that will be used to develop the academic potential test instrument for verbal analogies, 4 analysis factors. The formation of these 4 factors is from Eigenvalues greater than 1 so that there are only 4 factors that fulfill the requirements. Furthermore, 15 items of the tested instrument to 91 undergraduate student respondents obtained 2 items of invalid instrument with correlation coefficient [less than or equal to]0.3, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's test amounted to 0.785 with p <0.05. Trial results from the results of the trial results obtained that the average validity of the questions is 96.8%. Test reliability was analyzed using the Alpha [alpha] formula of Cronbach. The calculation is done using the help of the IBM SPSS version 22.0 Windows program and the coefficient of 0.806 is obtained. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the quality of the developed instrument items has been valid and reliable.

The What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire is a multidimensional measure for assessing the classroom learning environment based on student perspectives. The purpose of this study was to validate an Indonesian version of WIHIC and to assess the instrument's psychometric properties by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the Multidimensional Partial Credit Model (MPCM), one of the family of Polytomous Rasch model. The Indonesian WIHIC was administered to 962 high school students (368 male, 594 female), aged 14-18 years, in Jakarta, Indonesia. Results from the CFA model comparison showed that the 7-dimensional factor structure of WIHIC was satisfactory. We performed MPCM and found that this model fit the data of the Indonesian WIHIC reasonably well. Moreover, the estimated Rasch person separation reliabilities of each subscale showed that WIHIC has good internal consistency (0.87 to 0.96). The Indonesian WIHIC questionnaire appears to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing the classroom learning environment in Indonesian high school students.

The objective of this research was to develop non-test instrument or questionnaire to measure the evaluation of the use of Webtoon among the students of Open University in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia and to obtain the instrument's validity and reliability. This research employed the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) instructional model. The data were collected using online questionnaire. There were 55 respondents participated in this research. The data collected were analyzed descriptively using SPSS program version 23.00 for windows. The result of the data analysis indicated that the instrument has the percentage of agreement result of 82.75% (valid) and Cronbach alpha with score 0.942 (reliable). The data proved that the instrument has very feasible. This result showed that this research and development produced Webtoon non-test instrument which is valid and reliable.