239 results
Search Results
2. Tukey's Paper After 40 Years.
- Author
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Mallows, Colin
- Subjects
- *
ZEROTH law of thermodynamics , *THERMODYNAMIC laws , *STATISTICS , *DATA analysis - Abstract
The paper referred to is ‘The Future of Data Analysis,’ published in 1962. Many authors have discussed it, notably Peter Huber, who in 1995 reviewed the period starting with Hotelling's 1940 article ‘The Teaching of Statistics.’ I extend the scope of Huber's remarks by considering also the period before 1940 and developments since 1995. I ask whether statistics is a science and suggest that to attract bright students to our subject, we need to show them the excitement and rewards of applied work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. GRAY'S ODE AND WALPOLE'S CHINA TUB: THE ORDER OF THE BOOK AND THE PAPER LIVES OF AN OBJECT.
- Author
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Calè, Luisa
- Subjects
- TWICKENHAM (London, England), LONDON (England), ENGLAND, ODE on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes (Poem : Gray), GRAY, Thomas, 1716-1771, WALPOLE, Horace, 1717-1797, STRAWBERRY Hill (Twickenham, London, England)
- Abstract
An essay is presented on the poem "Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes," by Thomas Gray, and a china tub owned by intellectual Horace Walpole. It comments on Walpole's home, Strawberry Hill, in Twickenham, London, England. The author examines Walpole's collecting and his Glass Closet, a section in his library. She also considers the book "Designs by Mr. R. Bentley, for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray," by artist Richard Bentley.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Linnean Society celebrates seminal evolution papers.
- Subjects
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BIOLOGICAL evolution , *ORIGIN of life , *SCIENCE & society , *SCIENCE & civilization , *NATURAL selection - Abstract
The article reports on the celebration made by the Linnean Society of London for the 150 years anniversary since the reading of the seminal evolution papers by British naturalists Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace at one of the meetings of the organization in England in 1858. According to the article, the reading of the papers marks the removal of humanity from the center of creation to promote the concept of evolution that theorizes that life came into being by a process of natural selection.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. PAPER JUMBO JET.
- Subjects
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MODEL airplanes , *PAPER , *WASTE management - Abstract
Reports that a paper plane was hung from a crane in front of the Canary Wharf in London, England to mark a national campaign to reduce the amount of office waste.
- Published
- 2005
6. Paper conservator.
- Subjects
- *
PRESERVATION of paper , *NAVAL museums - Abstract
Profiles Paul Cook, head of paper conservation of charts, globes, manuscripts, books and engineering drawings at the National Maritime Museum in London, England. Job description; Ambitions; Hobbies.
- Published
- 1998
7. Making the paper: Steven Bramwell & Sean Giblin.
- Subjects
- *
MAGNETIC monopoles , *ELECTROMAGNETISM , *MAGNETIC fields - Abstract
The article focuses on a study conducted by researchers led by Steven Bramwell of the University College London and Sean Giblin of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in London, England regarding the physical evidence for currents of magnetic monopoles. Bramwell states that the pairwise magnetic interactions between spinning atoms in spin ices stays disordered down to absolute zero. Giblin adds that a muon can be incredibly sensitive to local magnetic fields.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Making the paper: David Colquhoun & Lucia Sivilotti.
- Subjects
- *
CELL receptors , *CELL membranes , *CHEMICAL agonists , *BIOLOGICAL membranes , *CELL permeability - Abstract
The article reports on the discovery of David Colquhoun and Lucia Sivilotti on the mechanism that explains the response of receptors to partial agonists in London, England. It reveals that many drugs work by binding to a specific cell receptors and stimulating its activity triggers a cascade of events in the cell. These drugs and the naturally occurring chemicals with the same modus operandi are called agonists but some of these elicit a powerful response while others generate smaller responses even at high levels to occupy all the available receptors. Both of them discovered a new mechanism to explain how receptors respond to partial agonists wherein they found that agonist-bound receptor can exist in one of three states, resting, partially activated or flipped from resting.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Making the paper: Carl Murray.
- Subjects
- *
ASTRONOMY , *POPULATION , *NATURAL satellites , *SATURN (Planet) , *MOON , *SPACE vehicles - Abstract
The article presents the study regarding Saturn's outermost ring, the F ring, conducted by Carl Murray and colleagues at Queen Mary, University of London in London, England. According to the author, Murray found out that constant collisions and the gravitational pull among a population of small satellites give the ring its form. It reveals that the narrow F ring of Saturn was discovered from images captured by the Pioneer 11 spacecraft in 1979. In addition, later data from Voyager 1 and 2 depicted that the ring as having a core about 1 kilometre wide surrounded by a 50 kilometre wide envelope, both supposedly held in place by the gravitational pull of Prometheus and Pandora, Saturn's shepherding moons.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Making the paper.
- Author
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Smith, Andrew
- Subjects
- *
PALEONTOLOGISTS , *GEOLOGISTS - Abstract
Profiles Andrew Smith, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London. Career background; Achievements and awards; Civic activities; Biographic profile; Job responsibilities; Institutional and organizational affiliations.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Public Health Implications of Solar UV Exposure during Extreme Cold and Hot Weather Episodes in 2018 in Chilton, South East England.
- Author
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Rendell, Rebecca, Higlett, Michael, Khazova, Marina, and O'Hagan, John
- Subjects
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HOT weather conditions , *SOLAR ultraviolet radiation , *PUBLIC health , *CLIMATE change & health , *ULTRAVIOLET radiation , *SEVERE storms , *HIGH temperatures , *VITAMIN D - Abstract
Consideration of the implications of solar UV exposure on public health during extreme temperature events is important due to their increasing frequency as a result of climate change. In this paper public health impacts of solar UV exposure, both positive and negative, during extreme hot and cold weather in England in 2018 were assessed by analysing environmental variations in UV and temperature. Consideration was given to people's likely behaviour, the current alert system and public health advice. During a period of severe cold weather in February-March 2018 UV daily doses were around 25–50% lower than the long-term average (1991–2017); however, this would not impact on sunburn risk or the benefit of vitamin D production. In spring 2018 unseasonably high temperatures coincided with high UV daily doses (40–75% above long-term average) on significant days: the London Marathon (22 April) and UK May Day Bank Holiday weekend, which includes a public holiday on the Monday (5–7 May). People were likely to have intermittent excess solar UV exposure on unacclimatised skin, causing sunburn and potentially increasing the risk of skin cancers. No alerts were raised for these events since they occurred outside the alerting period. During a heat-wave in summer 2018 the environmental availability of UV was high—on average of 25% above the long-term average. The public health implications are complex and highly dependent on behaviour and sociodemographic variables such as skin colour. For all three periods Pearson's correlation analysis showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between maximum daily temperature and erythema-effective UV daily dose. Public health advice may be improved by taking account of both temperature and UV and their implications for behaviour. A health impact-based alert system would be of benefit throughout the year, particularly in spring and summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Public Health Implications of Solar UV Exposure during Extreme Cold and Hot Weather Episodes in 2018 in Chilton, South East England.
- Author
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Rendell, Rebecca, Higlett, Michael, Khazova, Marina, and O'Hagan, John
- Subjects
- *
HOT weather conditions , *SOLAR ultraviolet radiation , *PUBLIC health , *CLIMATE change & health , *ULTRAVIOLET radiation , *SEVERE storms , *HIGH temperatures , *VITAMIN D - Abstract
Consideration of the implications of solar UV exposure on public health during extreme temperature events is important due to their increasing frequency as a result of climate change. In this paper public health impacts of solar UV exposure, both positive and negative, during extreme hot and cold weather in England in 2018 were assessed by analysing environmental variations in UV and temperature. Consideration was given to people's likely behaviour, the current alert system and public health advice. During a period of severe cold weather in February-March 2018 UV daily doses were around 25–50% lower than the long-term average (1991–2017); however, this would not impact on sunburn risk or the benefit of vitamin D production. In spring 2018 unseasonably high temperatures coincided with high UV daily doses (40–75% above long-term average) on significant days: the London Marathon (22 April) and UK May Day Bank Holiday weekend, which includes a public holiday on the Monday (5–7 May). People were likely to have intermittent excess solar UV exposure on unacclimatised skin, causing sunburn and potentially increasing the risk of skin cancers. No alerts were raised for these events since they occurred outside the alerting period. During a heat-wave in summer 2018 the environmental availability of UV was high—on average of 25% above the long-term average. The public health implications are complex and highly dependent on behaviour and sociodemographic variables such as skin colour. For all three periods Pearson's correlation analysis showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between maximum daily temperature and erythema-effective UV daily dose. Public health advice may be improved by taking account of both temperature and UV and their implications for behaviour. A health impact-based alert system would be of benefit throughout the year, particularly in spring and summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. When silence speaks loudest.
- Author
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Hubbard, Sue
- Subjects
- *
ART exhibitions , *INSTALLATION art - Abstract
The article reviews the art installation "Unfolding the Aryan Papers," an exhibition about "Aryan Papers," a film started by director Stanley Kubrick, but never completed. The show is presented at the BFI Southbank Gallery, London, England, through April 26, 2009.
- Published
- 2009
14. The Lavender Mob.
- Author
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Smith, Jeremy
- Subjects
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LAVENDERS , *AROMATIC plants , *AWARDS - Abstract
The article provides information on the development of the Carshalton Lavender project in London, England. Tree surgeon Roger Webb started the project by placing ads in local papers and flyers, telling the community he was looking for lavender plants that had grown in gardens for more than 20 to 30 years. The seven most promising locations across the borough were selected, from which they hoped to reproduce lavender that was as close to the strains grown in the plant's heyday. The project took Roger's cuttings and grew them into 2,500 to 3,000 young lavender bushes. The project was voted Conservation Project of the Year in The Observer Ethical Awards.
- Published
- 2007
15. Public Health Capacity Building in Times of Austerity: A Case Study From the University of East London.
- Author
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Aceijas, Carmen and Foster, Nena
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC health , *CONTINUING medical education , *LEARNING , *DOCTOR of philosophy degree , *MEDICAL specialties & specialists , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
The University of East London (UEL) offers a BSc and MSc of Public Health (PH). The programmes are designed to build the workforce capacity by enabling access to higher education (HE) for future PH practitioners and specialists, and facilitating promotion possibilities within current employment. In 2009/10, the MSc and BSc programs had 143 and 70 students respectively, with 209 students undertaking PH combined degrees at the BSc level. This paper presents methods and outcomes of aligning the programs with the United Kingdom Public Health Skills and Career Framework (UK PHSCF). The realigned MSc programme is a 1.5 year (full-time), six module (180 credits) programme with strong emphasis on epidemiology and research. The BSc programme lasts three years (full-time) and consists of 36 modules (360 credits) providing an introductory overview of the core functions of PH. The programmes' modules were mapped against the 9 UK PHSCF PH areas. Additional activities were built into the programs to enhance the learning experience and augment transferable skills. After the realignment, the UK Government published in 2010 the White Paper for PH and, in spite of this, announced budget cuts to HE funding along with increased tuition fees. The programme changes are likely to contribute to PH capacity building but in a time when political reform adversely impacts on the development of the PH workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. 'Holding the line': a qualitative study of the role of evidence in early phase decision-making in the reconfiguration of stroke services in London.
- Author
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Fraser, Alec, Baeza, Juan I., and Boaz, Annette
- Subjects
- *
STROKE , *HEALTH policy , *QUALITATIVE research , *MEDICAL decision making , *STROKE treatment , *DECISION making , *HEALTH services accessibility - Abstract
Background: Health service reconfigurations are of international interest but remain poorly understood. This article focuses on the use of evidence by senior managerial decision-makers involved in the reconfiguration of stroke services in London 2008-2012. Recent work comparing stroke service reconfiguration in London and Manchester emphasises the ability of senior managerial decision-makers in London to 'hold the line' in the crucial early phases of the stroke reconfiguration programme. In this article, we explore in detail how these decision-makers 'held the line' and ask what the broader power implications of doing so are for the interaction between evidence, health policy and system redesign.Methods: The research combined semi-structured interviews (n = 20) and documentary analysis of historically relevant policy papers and contemporary stroke reconfiguration documentation published by NHS London and other interested parties (n = 125). We applied a critical interpretive and reflexive approach to the analysis of the data.Results: We identified two forms of power which senior managerial decision-makers drew upon in order to 'hold the line'. Firstly, discursive power, which through an emphasis on evidence, better patient outcomes, professional support and clinical credibility alongside a tightly managed consultation process, helped to set an agenda that was broadly receptive to the overall decision to change stroke services in the capital in a radical way. Secondly, once the essential parameters of the decision to change services had been agreed, senior managerial decision-makers 'held the line' through hierarchical New Public Management style power to minimise the traditional pressures to de-radicalise the reconfiguration through 'top down' decision-making.Conclusions: We problematise the concept of 'holding the line' and explore the power implications of such managerial approaches in the early phases of health service reconfiguration. We highlight the importance of evidence for senior managerial decision-makers in agenda setting and the limitations of clinical research findings in guiding politically sensitive policy decisions which impact upon regional healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The Banality of Gilding: Innocuous Materiality and Transatlantic Consumption in the Gilded Age.
- Author
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Mullins, Paul and Jeffries, Nigel
- Subjects
- *
FIGURINES , *WEALTH , *ART objects , *CONSUMPTION (Economics) -- History , *HISTORY of material culture , *DECORATION & ornament , *SYMBOLISM , *AESTHETICS , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper examines Gilded Age affluence by focusing on apparently inconsequential decorative goods and assessing how such goods were part of shared transatlantic patterns that reached beyond the Gilded Age and the confines of urban America. The paper focuses on figurines recovered from nineteenth-century sites in London and underscores how the American Gilded Age amplified many early nineteenth-century material patterns and ideological practices that were well-established in the United Kingdom and continued after the height of Gilded Age affluence. This study examines the symbolism of such aesthetically eclectic goods and focuses on the socially grounded imagination that was invested in them borrowing from dominant ideologies and idiosyncratic personal experiences alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Patterns That Look Familiar, Until You Notice the Spiders.
- Subjects
- *
WALLPAPER , *DECORATIVE paper , *WALL coverings , *INTERIOR decoration - Abstract
Introduces one-of-a-kind wallpapers from artist and designer Louise Body. Description of her wallpapers; Retail price.
- Published
- 2004
19. London's urban heat island: Impact on current and future energy consumption in office buildings
- Author
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Kolokotroni, M., Ren, X., Davies, M., and Mavrogianni, A.
- Subjects
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URBAN heat islands , *ENERGY consumption , *HEATING , *COOLING , *OFFICE buildings , *CARBON dioxide mitigation , *NATURAL ventilation - Abstract
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a computational study on the energy consumption and related CO2 emissions for heating and cooling of an office building within the Urban Heat Island of London, currently and in the future. The study developed twenty weather files in an East-West axis through London; the weather files were constructed according to future climate change scenario for 2050 suitable for the UK which have been modified to represent specific locations within the London UHI based on measurements and predictions from a program developed for this purpose (LSSAT). The study simulated an office with typical construction, heat gains and operational patterns with an advanced thermal simulation program (IESVE). The predictions confirm that heating load decreases, cooling load and overheating hours increase as the office location moves from rural to urban sites and from present to future years. It is shown that internal heat gains are an important factor affecting energy performance and that night cooling using natural ventilation will have a beneficial effect at rural and city locations. As overheating will increase in the future, more buildings will use cooling; it is shown that this might lead to a five-fold increase of CO2 emission for city centre offices in London in 2050. The paper presents detailed results of the typical office placed on the East-West axis of the city, arguing the necessity to consider using weather files based on climate projections and urban heat island for the design of current buildings to safeguard their efficiency in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Pan-London tuberculosis services: a service evaluation.
- Author
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Belling, Ruth, McLaren, Susan, Boudioni, Markella, and Woods, Leslie
- Subjects
- *
TUBERCULOSIS , *EVALUATION of medical care , *DRUG resistance - Abstract
Background: London has the largest proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases of any western European capital, with almost half of new cases drug-resistant. Prevalence varies considerably between and within boroughs with research suggesting inadequate control of TB transmission in London. Economic pressures may exacerbate the already considerable challenges for service organisation and delivery within this context. This paper presents selected findings from an evaluation of London's TB services' organisation, delivery, professional workforce and skill mix, intended to support development of a strategic framework for a pan-London TB service. These may also interest health service professionals and managers in TB services in the UK, other European cities and countries and in services currently delivered by multiple providers operating independently. Methods: Objectives were: 1) To establish how London's TB services are structured and delivered in relation to leadership, management, organisation and delivery, coordination, staffing and support; 2) To identify tools/models for calculating skill mix as a basis for identifying skill mix requirements in delivering TB services across London; 3) To inform a strategic framework for the delivery of a pan-London TB service, which may be applicable to other European cities. The multi-method service audit evaluation comprised documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews with TB service users (n = 10), lead TB health professionals and managers (n = 13) representing London's five sectors and focus groups with TB nurses (n = 8) and non-London network professionals (n = 2). Results: Findings showed TB services to be mainly hospital-based, with fewer community-based services. Documentary analysis and professionals' interviews suggested difficulties with early access to services, low suspicion index amongst some GPs and restricted referral routes. Interviews indicated lack of managed accommodation for difficult to treat patients, professional workforce shortages, a need for strategic leadership, nurse-led clinics and structured career paths for TB nurses and few social care/outreach workers to support patients with complex needs. Conclusions: This paper has identified key issues relating to London's TB services' organisation, delivery, professional workforce and skill mix. The majority of these present challenges which need to be addressed as part of the future development of a strategic framework for a pan-London TB service. More consistent strategic planning/co-ordination and sharing of best practice is needed, together with a review of pan-London TB workforce development strategy, encompassing changing professional roles, skills development needs and patient pathways. These findings may be relevant with the development of TB services in other European cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Vaccines and global health.
- Author
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Greenwood, Brian, Salisbury, David, and Hill, Adrian V. S.
- Subjects
- *
VACCINES , *PUBLIC health conferences , *COMMUNICABLE diseases - Abstract
Vaccines have made a major contribution to global health in recent decades but they could do much more. In November 2011, a Royal Society discussion meeting, 'New vaccines for global health', was held in London to discuss the past contribution of vaccines to global health and to consider what more could be expected in the future. Papers presented at the meeting reviewed recent successes in the deployment of vaccines against major infections of childhood and the challenges faced in developing vaccines against some of the world's remaining major infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria and tuberculosis. The important contribution that development of more effective veterinary vaccines could make to global health was also addressed. Some of the social and financial challenges to the development and deployment of new vaccines were reviewed. The latter issues were also discussed at a subsequent satellite meeting, 'Accelerating vaccine development', held at the Kavli Royal Society International Centre. Delegates at this meeting considered challenges to the more rapid development and deployment of both human and veterinary vaccines and how these might be addressed. Papers based on presentations at the discussion meeting and a of the main conclusions of the satellite meeting are included in this issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. 'Geography matters': the role distance plays in reproducing educational inequality in East London.
- Author
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Hamnett, Chris and Butler, Tim
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATIONAL equalization , *EQUALITY & society , *SECONDARY education , *EDUCATIONAL resources , *GEOGRAPHICAL research - Abstract
There is a longstanding literature on the unequal geographical distribution of welfare. In this paper we argue that increasingly geography is becoming the basis for rationing access to some forms of welfare. Focusing on access to secondary schools in East London, England, where the demand for places at the more popular schools generally far exceeds the number of places available, we show how distance from school has now become the primary means of allocating places. Rather than educational resources attempting to compensate for geographical disadvantage, geography (in the form of distance from school) has become the rationale by which those living in advantaged areas continue to have privileged access to educational resources. Whereas previously the role of the state was to compensate for the unfairness of such geographical inequalities, geography (via distance to school) is now used to justify the unequal allocation of scarce school places. The paper demonstrates that not only does the near universal adoption of distance-based allocation policies in East London lead to the reproduction of social advantage and disadvantage, but also it is creating new hierarchies of school popularity and more important unpopularity which are not always clearly related to issues of school attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Design capital: practice and situated learning in London design agencies.
- Author
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Sunley, Peter, Pinch, Steven, and Reimer, Suzanne
- Subjects
- *
DESIGN , *CONSULTANTS , *DESIGNERS , *BUSINESS enterprises , *TACIT knowledge , *LEARNING - Abstract
This paper considers the relations between practice, knowledge and context in design consultancies. It uses a case study of design consultancies in London based on in-depth interviews with designers working in design agencies in the city. The paper argues that the relations between design knowledge and context have been conceived in two ways. The first account emphasises the sharing of tacit knowledge in a design community marked by relatively strong and durable social ties. The second approach argues instead that design is a creative collectivity with much weaker social ties and a broader range of types of knowledge. It is argued that while both of these approaches illuminate parts of situated learning and context in design consultancies, these are actually more complex and mixed than either account recognises. Both accounts overlook the crucial importance of what are termed medium-strength ties between designers and their clients that combine market contracts with personal regard and friendship. The paper concludes by suggesting that such medium ties are increasingly important in design-based innovation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Interfaces and inhomogeneous turbulence.
- Author
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J. C. R. Hunt
- Subjects
- *
INTERFACES (Physical sciences) , *TURBULENCE , *FLUID dynamics , *INHOMOGENEOUS materials - Abstract
A Euromech colloquium, on interfacial processes and inhomogeneous turbulence, was held in London on 28–30 June 2010. Papers were presented describing and analysing the influence of interfaces that separate turbulent/non-turbulent regions, between regions of contrasting fluid properties, or at the edge of boundaries. This paper describes a summary of the work presented, giving a snapshot of the current progress in this area, along with discussions about future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The power of speech: orality, oaths and evidence in the British Atlantic world, 1650-1800.
- Author
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Ogborn, Miles
- Subjects
- *
SPEECH , *HISTORICAL geographic information systems , *IMPERIALISM , *OATHS , *LEGAL evidence - Abstract
Compared with the attention paid to written texts, geographers and others have neglected the spoken word in its many forms, particularly in investigations of the power relations of colonialism and imperialism. This paper argues that considering orality as a series of embodied, situated enunciations, declarations and conversations can provide a basis for historical geographies of the spoken word that engage with representation as practice. Using evidence from the domain of law within the context of Britain's plantation colonies in the Caribbean - particularly Barbados and Jamaica - this paper argues for the significance of the oral culture of empire. This was evident in the ways in which the power of speech - through the rules on oath-taking and evidence-giving - was part of the making of imperial and colonial identities and relationships dividing white and non-white, free and unfree, both within the spaces of plantation societies and in the broader British Atlantic world. The fragility of the identities and relationships made through the spoken word is also demonstrated through a series of moments when changes in the regulation of speech in courts of law were suggested and contested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Adaptive Innovation and a MOODLE-based VLE to Support a Fully Online MSc Business Information Technology (BIT) at the University of East London (UEL).
- Author
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Petrou, Anastasis
- Subjects
- *
SYSTEMS development , *OPEN source software , *COMPUTER software development , *COURSEWARE , *DISTANCE education students - Abstract
This paper examines approaches to innovation as theoretical background to systems development life cycle (SDLC) practices employed during open source software development using MOODLE to implement a new virtual learning environment (VLE) for an e-learning project at the University of East London (UEL). The School of Computing, Information Technology and Engineering (CITE) and UELconnect, UEL's distance learning arm, have worked together to develop and implement the new VLE. The paper argues that the emerging Adaptive Innovation Approach, when used as a broad SDLC framework and inclusive of the respective work done by Eric von Hippel on Distributed Innovation and Henry Chesbrough on Open Innovation, can support a practitioner-oriented and a user-centred SDLC to better account for new cultural necessities and new economic realities dominating our dynamic global era. The paper takes a closer look at the development of UEL's MOODLE-based VLE for its adaptive innovation qualities and offers various lessons from the validation of a Fully Online MSc Business Information Technology (BIT) that was developed alongside with the VLE. Finally, the paper offers some additional observations from testing MOODLE's eMail Block installed in the new VLE to accommodate internal communication for the newly validated MSc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Cholera and the Pump on Broad Street: The Life and Legacy of John Snow.
- Author
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Ball, Laura
- Subjects
- *
CHOLERA , *WATERBORNE infection , *VIBRIO cholerae , *PREVENTION ,HISTORY of London (England), 1800-1950 - Abstract
The article presents and discusses the winning paper in the Senior Division Individual Paper, National History Day 2008 competition by Laura Bell. The water pump on Broad Street in the Golden Square neighborhood during the year 1854 that supplied water to the residents and contributed to the cholera outbreak in London, England is explored. The microbiology of cholera that comes from the Vibrio cholerae bactrerium is considered. The causes of cholera as was determined by doctors of the 19th century are noted. Scientist John Snow's data and research on cholera, which led to the water-borne theory of cholera, are discussed.
- Published
- 2009
28. Brian Spalding: CFD and reality – A personal recollection
- Author
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Runchal, Akshai K.
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics , *ENGINEERING , *TURBULENCE , *NAVIER-Stokes equations , *COMBUSTION - Abstract
Abstract: Brian Spalding did not invent CFD. He did not even coin the name. But more than anyone else, he created the practice of CFD – its application to problems of interest to engineers. The author was associated with, and was an integral part of the team led by, Prof. Spalding that developed the basic engineering practice that came to be known as the Imperial College (IC) approach to “CFD”. Most of today’s commercially available CFD software tools trace their origin to the work done by the IC group in the decade spanning the mid-60s and mid-70s. This paper is a personal recollection of the key moments of the CFD developments at Imperial College and the role played by Brian Spalding as a leader of, and as an active contributor to, the IC Group. His key insights during this decade often made breakthroughs possible and re-directed the focus at critical moments. The paper also explores the opportunities missed by the IC Group during this decade of breakneck progress in CFD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Looking for Landmarks: The Role of Expert Review and Bibliometric Analysis in Evaluating Scientific Publication Outputs.
- Author
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Allen, Liz, Jones, Ceri, Dolby, Kevin, Lynn, David, and Walport, Mark
- Subjects
- *
BIBLIOMETRICS , *PUBLICATIONS , *BIBLIOGRAPHY , *STATISTICAL methods in information science , *EVALUATION , *INFORMATION resources - Abstract
Objective: To compare expert assessment with bibliometric indicators as tools to assess the quality and importance of scientific research papers. Methods and Materials: Shortly after their publication in 2005, the quality and importance of a cohort of nearly 700 Wellcome Trust (WT) associated research papers were assessed by expert reviewers; each paper was reviewed by two WT expert reviewers. After 3 years, we compared this initial assessment with other measures of paper impact. Results: Shortly after publication, 62 (9%) of the 687 research papers were determined to describe at least a 'major addition to knowledge' -6 were thought to be 'landmark' papers. At an aggregate level, after 3 years, there was a strong positive association between expert assessment and impact as measured by number of citations and F1000 rating. However, there were some important exceptions indicating that bibliometric measures may not be sufficient in isolation as measures of research quality and importance, and especially not for assessing single papers or small groups of research publications. Conclusion: When attempting to assess the quality and importance of research papers, we found that sole reliance on bibliometric indicators would have led us to miss papers containing important results as judged by expert review. In particular, some papers that were highly rated by experts were not highly cited during the first three years after publication. Tools that link expert peer reviews of research paper quality and importance to more quantitative indicators, such as citation analysis would be valuable additions to the field of research assessment and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Was Dick Whittington taller than those he left behind? Anthropometric measures, migration and the quality of life in early nineteenth century London?
- Author
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Humphries, Jane and Leunig, Timothy
- Subjects
- *
SAILORS , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *COST of living , *SOCIAL history , *URBANIZATION , *URBAN sociology , *INDUSTRIAL revolution ,SOCIAL conditions in England - Abstract
Using a new source of evidence we explore the mobility of mid-nineteenth century seamen. Among seamen born outside London, the tall, the literate and those who could remember the exact day, month and year when they were born, characteristics that we suggest mark them out as men with more choices in life, were more likely to migrate to London. Contrary to what might be inferred from contemporary descriptions of urban disamenities or from persistent differentials in mortality, London appears as a desirable destination for those who could choose. The conclusion must be that London was not so bad, and we should adjust our perception of the problems of urbanisation accordingly, with implications for the wider debate on the standard of living during the industrial revolution. The paper’s methodological interest is the use of height as an explanatory variable in the analysis of migration. Although correlated with other variables that are routinely used in anthropometric studies to indicate life chances, such as literacy and the ability to know and recall date of birth, height has empirical advantages over these alternatives in that it exhibits higher levels of significance. Moreover while literacy and heaping are in essence binary variables, height is a (near) continuous one, and one that allows us to test for linear and non-linear responses, as we do with interesting results in this paper. Perhaps the most fruitful use of height in historical analyses may turn out to be as an explanatory variable; at the very least such a research strategy provides anthropometric historians with further opportunities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Neurological outcome in surgically treated patients with incomplete closed traumatic cervical spinal cord injury.
- Author
-
Singhal, B., Mohammed, A., Samuel, J., Mues, J., and Kluger, P.
- Subjects
- *
NEUROLOGY , *CERVICAL vertebrae , *SPINAL cord injuries ,STOKE Mandeville Hospital (London, England) - Abstract
Study design:Retrospective study based on a reference paper. Neurological outcome in patients who were managed surgically with closed traumatic cervical spine injury was evaluated using the ASIA motor scoring system and Frankel grading.Objectives:To assess the accuracy of motor charting and Frankel grading as tools to evaluate neurological outcome in closed traumatic cervical spine injury, and also to evaluate how the surgically treated patients fared in their neurological recovery by measurement tools as in the reference paper.Setting:National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK.Method:Fifty-seven patients were admitted within 2 days of the injury with closed traumatic cervical spine injuries (1997–2004). Thirty-seven (65%) met the inclusion criteria as per the referenced paper, that is, were treated surgically, were Frankel grade B and above and had at least 12 months follow up. The remaining 20 patients were not included as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The breakdown of the 20 patients is given in Table 1. The mean recovery percentage (MRP) and mean deficit percentage (MDP) were calculated as per the referenced paper.Results:An evaluation of 37 patients surgically treated, who had follow up of at least 12 months, showed that preservation of pin prick below the level of lesion, and preservation of anal tone and perianal sensation were good prognostic indicators. There was no correlation between degree of encroachment of canal or the degree of kyphosis to MDP or MRP. The mean time from injury to mobilization was 7.6 days in 25 out of 37 patients. Twelve of the 37 patients had prolonged immobilization because of ITU stay or because they were initially treated conservatively. Three out of the 37 patients developed DVT/PE. Mean hospital stay was 6.4 months.Conclusion:The neurological outcome in surgically treated patients is comparable to the conservatively treated patients. The Frankel grading and ASIA motor charting combined is a powerful tool in assessing the neurological outcome in closed traumatic cervical spinal injured patients. Until now there has been no evidence to suggest that the obvious advantages of surgical management of closed cervical spine injuries (better alignment, easier manual handling and early mobilization) is traded for poorer neurological outcome.Spinal Cord (2008) 46, 603–607; doi:10.1038/sc.2008.29; published online 13 May 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Comment.
- Subjects
- *
CRITICISM , *CONGESTION pricing , *POLITICAL science - Abstract
The authors comment on the article "London Congestion Charging," by Georgina Santos, published in the journal "Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs: 2008." One author expands the discussion of Santos on three points, including the politics of the scheme, the demonstration effects and whether the London scheme has been captured by those with nontransport efficiency goals. Another author says that Santos provided convincing arguments for her major conclusion that the London scheme is a success if it is based on the attainment of its political goals.
- Published
- 2008
33. Global music city: knowledge and geographical proximity in London's recorded music industry.
- Author
-
Watson, Allan
- Subjects
- *
MUSIC industry , *SOUND recording industry , *ECONOMIC geography , *MASS media , *MUSIC & geography , *INTELLECT , *THEORY of knowledge - Abstract
Drawing from debates in economic geography on relational and organisational proximity as a substitute for geographical proximity, the paper explores characteristics of knowledge transfer in London's recorded music industry through an examination of organisational connections on local and global scales. The paper demonstrates that knowledge transfer within the industry occurs simultaneously across multiple geographical scales, with certain organisational connections facilitating the transfer of tacit knowledge across organisational boundaries. However, the paper argues that these connections do not offer the same scope for trust as is afforded by frequent face-to-face contact and therefore offer only a partial substitute for geographical proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Mind the Gap: The London Underground Map and Users' Representation of Urban Space.
- Author
-
Vertesi, Janet
- Subjects
- *
MAPS , *SCIENCE , *URBAN studies , *HUMAN-computer interaction , *CITIES & towns , *IMAGING systems , *VISUALIZATION , *ETHNOLOGY - Abstract
This paper explores the effects of iconic, abstract representations of complex objects on our interactions with those objects through an ethnographic study of the use of the London Underground Map to tame and enframe the city of London. Official reports insist that the 'Tube Map's' iconic status is due to its exemplary design principles or its utility for journey planning underground. This paper, however, presents results that suggest a different role for the familiar image: one of an essential visual technology that stands as an interface between the city and its user, presenting and structuring the points of access and possibilities for interaction within the urban space. The analysis explores the public understanding of an inscription in the world beyond the laboratory bench, the indexicality of the immutable mobile's visual language, and the relationship between representing and intervening. It further suggests fruitful crossovers between Science Studies, Urban Studies, and Human-Computer Interaction by approaching the individual as a 'user' of a city and its graphical interface, applying the technique of cognitive mapping to overlapping virtual and analog spaces, and exploring the social and practical effects of strong and standardized visual languages on further narratives and interactions with scientific, technological, or everyday objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A step in space-time.
- Subjects
- *
MODERN dance , *ART & science , *DANCE & science - Abstract
This article presents an interview with choreographer Mark Baldwin about how Albert Einstein's three famous 1905 papers have been translated into a modern dance work for Rambert Dance Co. in London. Baldwin thinks that art-science collaborations are often done with good intentions, but it's just the way some of them have been realised. He said that the play "Constant Speed" is gorgeous, cheap and nasty, and fabulous. He also commented that of all the art forms that one can use to express the notion, dance is probably the best.
- Published
- 2005
36. The Queen of Sheba's Conversion in Q. 27:44: A Problem Examined.
- Author
-
Mir, Mustansir
- Subjects
- *
CRITICISM , *LITERARY criticism - Abstract
A literary criticism of a paper presented by Oliver Leaman at a conference in London, England in 2003 is presented. It outlines and explores the characters mentioned in Q. 27:44 of the Qur'an. The author presented relevant passages in the sura to dispel Leaman's paper about the all-too-sudden conversion of the Queen of Sheba.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Ordinary Meeting, 2006 March 22.
- Author
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Miles, Richard, Johnson, Ron, Collett, Hazel, and James, Nick
- Subjects
- *
MEETINGS , *ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. , *ASTRONOMY - Abstract
The article provides information on the fourth ordinary meeting of the 116th session of the British Astronomical Association held at the New Hunts House, Guys Hospital in London, England. Papers secretary Nick James announced that six papers had been approved for publication in the journal. Hazel Collett, Meetings Secretary was invited to read the minutes of the previous meeting, which had taken place at the seventh Observers' Workshop in Milton Keynes.
- Published
- 2007
38. Reporting on Children’s Well-being: The State of London’s Children Reports.
- Author
-
Hood, Suzanne
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL conditions of children , *WELL-being , *QUALITY of life , *CHILD development - Abstract
Monitoring and reporting on the well-being of children has a central role to play in the development of policies to improve children's lives. This paper uses two reports on child well-being – the State of London's Children Reports – as exemplars to show how regular reporting on children can be linked to planning and policy-making in an urban environment. The paper describes how the some of the themes and key findings from the State of London's Children Reports are being taken forward through policies to improve the lives of London children. The paper also draws on the process of researching and writing the reports in a discussion of some broader issues relating to child well-being measurement, focusing particularly on the integration of children's own conceptions of their well-being within the processes of indicator development and reporting. The author proposes that children's perspectives on what constitutes their well-being should be integrated alongside and together with more adult-oriented measures; and that work to involve children in child well-being development should make a clear contribution to policies which are aimed at improving the lives of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Prediction of ozone levels in London using the MM5–CMAQ modelling system
- Author
-
Sokhi, R.S., San José, R., Kitwiroon, N., Fragkou, E., Pérez, J.L., and Middleton, D.R.
- Subjects
- *
OZONE , *AIR pollution - Abstract
Abstract: Air pollution in urban areas has important implications for health and environmental management. Consequently, various methodologies have been developed for its assessment. Traditionally, simple approaches such as the box model or the Gaussian plume have been used to assess urban air quality. The use of Eulerian grid models, which provide a more realistic and comprehensive description of the urban atmosphere, has been increasing over the past few years. This paper reports on the use of the MM5–CMAQ modelling system to predict hourly ozone levels over London, UK. This work represents the first application of MM5–CMAQ in the UK for predicting air pollution levels in London. Domain resolutions of 9km, 3km and 1km (innermost) have been employed for this study. Summer periods in July and August 2002 have been simulated and the predicted results have been compared to several urban background stations across London. Input data for emissions have been derived from the UK National Emissions inventory and from the outputs of the EMIMO emission model. The CBM-IV chemical scheme has been used to simulate the atmospheric reactions for ozone. The model performance has been evaluated with measured data through a range of statistical measures. Although, the MM5–CMAQ model reproduces the ozone temporal trends it was not able to simulate the peak magnitudes consistently. Furthermore, for nighttime the model overestimated the ozone concentrations. The paper discusses the model performance and reasons for these discrepancies in terms of the various input data including emissions and meteorological parameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Anticipating employers' skills needs: the case for intervention.
- Author
-
Ellis, Simon P.
- Subjects
- *
EMPLOYMENT , *ABILITY - Abstract
This paper demonstrates the need to anticipate employers' future skills requirements, and shows how London Skills Forecasting Unit is addressing this problem. The paper first suggests that employers require advice and labour market intelligence in order to determine their skill requirements effectively, and to ensure their future competitiveness. It then shows that educational and training institutions also need to anticipate employers' requirements, and so supply side institutions also need to anticipate employers' skills demand Finally, some theoretical evidence for skills forecasting is presented together with some practical developments of forecasting techniques undertaken by the Unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Theorising Between Space and Place A Case Study on Perceptive Architecture -- Serpentine Gallery Pavilions.
- Author
-
POP, Dana
- Subjects
- *
THEORY-practice relationship , *SPACE (Architecture) , *ARCHITECTURE ,KENSINGTON Gardens (London, England) - Abstract
The paper focuses on an example of the fragile balance between theory and practice within the space-place debate. Thus, the introduction outlines several theoretical constructs, which offer a broad view of the complex phenomenon of the space-place study. The article then concentrates on the experiment proposed by the Serpentine Gallery, in London, which is unique in this context. Consequently, this part of Kensington Gardens has transformed itself, little by little, into a genuine architectural laboratory, which analyses and exhibits the attitude towards the space-place relationship, as it is understood by the different starchitects who have built here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
42. INTERACTION IN ISOLATION: THE DISLOCATED WORLD OF THE LONDON UNDERGROUND TRAIN DRIVER.
- Author
-
Heath, Christian, Hindmarsh, Jon, and Luff, Paul
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL isolation , *TRANSPORTATION , *SUBWAYS - Abstract
We have recently witnessed the emergence of a range of naturalistic studies concerned with work, interaction and technology in complex organisational environments. In this paper we examine a seemingly individual and isolated activity, which involves the use of relatively basic technology to guide a vehicle in accord with a highly regulated signalling system. The paper considers the ways in which operating a vehicle is systematically co-ordinated with the actions of others. These actions, whether by passengers or colleagues, are only 'visible' by virtue of various technologies; technologies that offer restricted and even distorted access to people and their conduct. In one sense, therefore, the essay is concerned with explicating the socially organised and interactionally sensitive 'intelligence' which features in the day-to-day work of drivers on London Underground; a rapid urban transport system which carries more than a million passengers a day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. A major collection of papers of Sir.
- Author
-
Thompson, Hugh
- Subjects
- ENGLAND, LONDON (England), BRITISH Library
- Abstract
Reports that a major collection of the papers of Great Britain's theoretical economist Roy Harrod has been acquired by London, England based British Library. Contents of the acquisition.
- Published
- 1995
44. Employment changes in Central London in the 1980s.
- Author
-
Frost, M.E. and Spence, N.A.
- Subjects
- *
LABOR market , *EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
In the second of two papers (Paper I, Geogrl J. 157(1)) the motive forces driving current development of the Central London economy are set against possible constraints on its ability to grow in the future. It is concluded that, while growth in finance and business service activity which has been the prime dynamic force within the local economy over the recent past is likely to continue, the rate of this growth depends crucially on London maintaining its position as an international financial centre in the face of competition from other European cities. Labour shortages arising from the demographic structure of its population are identified as a source of difficulty but one that can be moderated by the smooth timing of growth and an effective rail system. It is clear, however, that investment in new rail facilities will be hampered if their financing is related too closely to current revenues which are exposed to short-run variations in property values rather than to the pursuit of a longer term strategy for the development of Central London. It is argued that such a long-term strategy might include the encouragement of less essential employment to move away from Central London in order to allow greater investment in road, rail and air connections outside the central area to improve London's international accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. You just can't rely on Tory papers, Gordon.
- Author
-
Cathcart, Brian
- Subjects
- *
BRITISH newspapers , *AIRPORT design & construction , *RIGHT & left (Political science) - Abstract
In this article the author discusses press coverage of an expansion plan proposed for Heathrow Airport, near London, England. He notes that British newspapers on the right of the political spectrum oppose the expansion, not on environmental grounds, but because they favor the creation of an entirely new airport in the Thames river estuary region.
- Published
- 2008
46. Annotated type catalogue of the Megaspiridae, Orthalicidae, and Simpulopsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London.
- Author
-
Breure, Abraham S. H. and Ablett, Jonathan D.
- Subjects
- *
MOLLUSKS , *NATURAL history museums , *ZOOLOGICAL research - Abstract
The type status is described for 65 taxa of the Orthalicoidea, classified within the families Megaspiridae (14), Orthalicidae (30), and Simpulopsidae (20); one taxon is considered a nomen inquirendum. Lectotypes are designated for the following taxa: Helix brephoides d'Orbigny, 1835; Simpulopsis cumingi Pfeiffer, 1861; Bulimulus (Protoglyptus) dejectus Fulton, 1907; Bulimus iris Pfeiffer, 1853. The type status of Bulimus salteri Sowerby III, 1890, and Strophocheilus (Eurytus) subirroratus da Costa, 1898 is now changed to lectotype according Art. 74.6 ICZN. The taxa Bulimus loxostomus Pfeiffer, 1853, Bulimus marmatensis Pfeiffer, 1855, Bulimus meobambensis Pfeiffer, 1855, and Orthalicus powissianus var. niveus Preston 1909 are now figured for the first time. The following taxa are now considered junior subjective synonyms: Bulimus marmatensis Pfeiffer, 1855 = Helix (Cochlogena) citrinovitrea Moricand, 1836; Vermiculatus Breure, 1978 = Bocourtia Rochebrune, 1882. New combinations are: Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) Rochebrune, 1882; Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) aequatoria (Pfeiffer, 1853); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) anthisanensis (Pfeiffer, 1853); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) aquila (Reeve, 1848); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) badia (Sowerby I, 1835); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) bicolor (Sowerby I, 1835); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) caliginosa (Reeve, 1849); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) coagulata (Reeve, 1849); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) cotopaxiensis (Pfeiffer, 1853); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) filaris (Pfeiffer, 1853); Kara indentata (da Costa, 1901); Clathrorthalicus magnificus (Pfeiffer, 1848); Simpulopsis (Eudioptus) marmartensis (Pfeiffer, 1855); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) nucina (Reeve, 1850); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) ochracea (Morelet, 1863); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia)peaki (Breure, 1978); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia)petiti (Pfeiffer, 1846); Clathrorthalicusphoebus (Pfeiffer, 1863); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) polymorpha (d'Orbigny, 1835); Scholvienia porphyria (Pfeiffer, 1847); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) purpurata (Reeve, 1849); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) quechuarum Crawford, 1939; Quechua salteri (Sowerby III, 1890); Kuschelenia (Bocourtia) subfasciata Pfeiffer, 1853; Clathrorthalicus victor (Pfeiffer, 1854). In an addedum a lectotype is being designated for Bulimulus (Drymaeus) interruptus var. pallidus Preston, 1909. An index is included to all taxa mentioned in this paper and the preceding ones in this series (Breure and Ablett 2011, 2012, 2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Bid Off, but Barclay Brothers Are Said to Still Want Papers.
- Author
-
Cowell, Alan
- Subjects
- *
MERGERS & acquisitions , *LEGAL judgments - Abstract
Reports on the withdrawal of the offer of David and Frederick Barclay to acquire Hollinger Inc. in London, England. Decision of the court against the sale of the company; Refusal of the Barclays to take over the debt of the company; Options being considered by the Barclays.
- Published
- 2004
48. Natural Ventilation in London Underground Sub-Surface Lines--Modelling for Normal Operations.
- Author
-
Alexander, John and Tabarra, Mohammad
- Subjects
- *
VENTILATION , *UNDERGROUND areas , *TUNNELS , *SUBWAYS , *THERMODYNAMICS - Abstract
Planned increases in train frequency and the use of air conditioned rolling stock on the London Underground Sub-Surface lines will increase the energy dissipated in the tunnels and an assessment has been made of the potential impacts of this on tunnel temperatures. The Cooling the Tube Programme in London has been established to help manage thermal conditions on the network. An important early step is to identify the hot spots in the existing system, and predict the future environment in light of changes to train operations and expected passenger numbers. Aero-thermodynamic modelling of the individual lines was considered to be essential in this process. This paper discusses the tunnel ventilation modelling of the southern portion of the sub-surface lines (District and Circle) during normal train operations. The line has several natural ventilation openings of various sizes and orientations. The modelling is particularly challenging due to the bi-directional nature of the tunnels. Important considerations when building datasets, modelling sensitivities, collecting and interpreting temperature data, the effect of ground water migration, validation approaches and the performance of the model is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
49. Papers Show Rare Friction For Thatcher And Reagan.
- Author
-
BURNS, JOHN F.
- Subjects
- *
PRIME ministers , *FREE enterprise ,GREAT Britain-United States relations - Abstract
The article reports on the revelation of the British government papers which includes records of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's cabinet towards U. S. Prime Minister Ronald Reagan. It says that the documents offered new insights into fractious relationship with France. It tells that the toughest document was the diplomatic cable from Britain's ambassador in Washington at the time Sir Nicholas Henderson railing with President François Mitterand over French-made Exocet missiles.
- Published
- 2012
50. British Library publishes paper on electronic libraries.
- Author
-
Hedberg, Jane
- Subjects
- *
PUBLISHING - Abstract
Reports that the British Library in London, England has published part of its Tenth British Library Research Institute as `Electronic Libraries and Electronic Journals.' Electronic journals; Transition from the current system.
- Published
- 1994
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