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The article presents several papers presented at an annual meeting of the Renaissance Society of America that focus on topics related to Spanish colonies in America and the interaction of American and Spanish cultures. One paper explores art and architecture in colonial Latin America and discusses how architectural and art history has been affected by nationalism. Another paper examines the relationship between Spanish settlers and indigenous cultures in America during the exploration and colonization of America. The final paper discusses the cultural geography of the Atlantic region using literary scholarship regarding the Spanish colonization in America.

This paper seeks to establish the nature, as the characteristics of Latin American society during the colony, especially the new Spain, and the reasons why the wars of independence in the region, and the circumstances which determine, as they create disruptions, since the beginning of their economies in seeking to implement a project of nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article revises the traditional view of Spain as a predatory colonial state that extracted revenue from natural resources and populations in the Americas while offering little in return. Using eighteenth-century Spanish American treasury accounts, we show that local elites exerted important control not only over revenue collection, as previously argued by the authors, but also over expenditure allocation. The Spanish colonial state developed into a stakeholder model, in which local interests were deeply invested in the survival and expansion of empire. The means of co-optation were intra-colonial transfers, as well as credit relations between the state and colonial individuals and corporations, which guaranteed that much of colonial revenue was immediately fed back into the local economy, while minimizing enforcements costs. By allowing stakeholder control of both revenue and expenditure, Spain managed to avoid the problems faced by France, where royal control of expenditure clashed with partial elite control of revenue-raising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]