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Objective: To provide an overview of retractions of research papers contributed by authors from the Arab region. Method: Papers in which the first author was affiliated to an Arabian country were selected from the Retraction Watch database covering the period 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2018. The retrieved records were divided into nine categories based on the reasons for retraction. Results: The search yielded 322 retractions, and the most frequent reason for retraction was plagiarism (34.5%). The median time from publication to retraction was 14 (25%-75% percentile 5-30) months. The number of papers retracted each year as well as the number of papers published in a given year but subsequently retracted increased steadily over the 21 years. The proportion of retracted papers to the total number of published papers (0.17%) was higher than the global proportion and was the highest for Algeria (1%) and the lowest for Lebanon (0.03%). Of the countries within the Arab region, 12 out of 14 countries showed either plagiarism or duplication as the most common reason for retraction; however, the countries differed in terms of the number of retractions and the time from publishing to retraction. Conclusion: Plagiarism was the most common cause of retraction in the Arab countries. The increase in the number of papers retracted each year was probably because searches now extend farther in the past, whereas the increase in the number of papers published in a given year but subsequently retracted can be attributed to the overall increase in the number of papers published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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One of the main problems of urban governance in Algeria is bureaucracy. Based on the experience of other countries, the concept of smart cities is becoming increasingly important, including urban e-governance which is considered as an important corner stone of smart cities. Hence, e-governance is proposed as a new tool to solve urban governance problems. Its main objectives are focused on strengthening credibility and accountability. This paper tried to assess the ability of Algiers bay municipalities to adopt urban e-governance policies and to see strategies to be deployed to solve urban related problems. To achieve this goal, the work presented in this paper describes the development of a Smart Synthetic (SS) model that could serve as a tool for policy makers to assess their policies and to identify ways to solve urban problems. This 'SS model' is based on the findings of relevant, locally based case studies from the bay area, to which the model is later applied. In order to achieve this, the authors opted for a Multi-Attribute Value Theory method. The application of the model revealed that of a total of nine municipalities, four are in a position to adopt an urban e-governance policy. However, the remaining ones have not yet been able to adopt such a policy due to several barriers which are mainly related to the governance policy. The advantage of this model is therefore its flexibility. It could even be adapted to evaluate urban e-governance in other cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the relationship between exile and migration as reflected in a case study of biblical exegesis in modern Jewish thought. I consider the place of the biblical figure of Joseph in an early text by Léon Askenazi (also known as Manitou), a North African kabbalist and French intellectual, and a key spiritual leader of Francophone Jewry in the second half of the twentieth century. The paper begins by locating Askenazi within the mass migration, or "repatriation", of the Algerian Jewish community to metropolitan France. I then examine and analyze the reinterpretation of Joseph in an early and unpublished text by Askenazi. I show how Askenazi's explication departs from a common reading of the Joseph story by recasting it as a positive diasporic narrative with direct contemporary implications. I argue that during Askenazi's early years in Paris, he sought to offer a "Josephic" model for Jewish life in postwar France, a model which also functioned as an alternative to the Zionist ethos of the negation of exile. The paper's conclusion reflects on how Askenazi's ideas may speak to conversations on religion and immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journal publications written in English are a sina qua non condition for national and international recognition. Recent literature in applied linguistics and other fields has denounced the existence of some conventions and "rules" that govern a given research writing. That is, using a concise, clear and error-free language is demanded in order to increase accessibility and ease of understanding. With the aid of textual descriptive analysis, this paper attempts to review the most common linguistic reasons behind papers' rejection. Eight papers of Ph.D. computer science students were collected and analyzed qualitatively in order to diagnose the main problems and challenges Ph.D. students face while writing for scholarly publication. Other than other linguistic lacunes, it is found out that the authors had problems mainly with using the right tone, choosing the correct words and the adequate tense use. Indeed, the results of this study are supposed to be of some use to writers who want to know what writing conventions, if there are any, are adequate for paper publication. Finally, some recommendations related to students' problems in writing for scholarly publication are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Biskra is ranked the second city in Algeria with the highest traffic accident rate. There are multiple causes of accidents that derive from the diversity of traffic. In addition, its geographical location as a crossroads between the northeast and the south of Algeria is a major factor. Biskra is also considered a commercial and industrial city that receives daily large flows of travellers and merchandise. Traffic accidents are a complex problems that is dealt with in several approaches. In this research, from a geographical point of view, we will contribute to improve the trajectory of intervention and evacuation. Therefore, this research paper aims to create a geodatabase including the road network with associated entities to carry out spatiotemporal analyses and evaluate the service area of health facilities in terms of the nearest path. This paper uses GIS tools for evacuation to the public hospital employing a Network Analyst. This study may serve as a decision-making aid for the local authorities of this city in terms of evacuation and intervention in the event of a road accident. It provides real-time information on the location of the accident and the nearest path along with an estimated time. The outputs of these analyses can determine a map of accessibility, which allows for training in order to improve the real-time evacuation. As a result, this approach will lead to the reduction of evacuation time by less than 10 minutes, and thus leading to a decrease in the number of fatalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every country attempts to improve its balance of payments (BOP) position to enhance macroeconomic policy. Algeria, like many developing countries, is experiencing a BOP deficit. This raises concerns about the reasons for this deficit and prioritizes the quest for potential answers. In the context of the Monetary Approach to the balance of payments (MABP), this paper investigates the long-run relationship between domestic credit, inflation, interest rate, GDP, and net foreign assets to find whether BOP is a monetary phenomenon in Algeria from 1980 to 2019. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test, combined with the critical approximation p-values of Kripfganz and Schneider (2020), has been applied. The findings clearly showed a long-run relationship among the variables. The long-run estimates strongly supported MABP propositions, and domestic credit had a negative and statistically significant influence on net foreign assets. This suggests that Algeria's BOP is a monetary phenomenon, and excess money supply played a crucial role in Algeria's balance of payments disequilibrium. The contribution of this paper is the use of the ARDL bounds test in combination with the novel critical approximation p-values of Kripfganz and Schneider (2020), which provided more robust results. This study could help monetary authorities to elaborate the suitable policies in dealing with BOP problems in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study systematically reviewed the literature on the bioactivities and phytochemical profile of Genista tridentata (L.) Willk, which is an edible plant used in folk medicine. Four databases (PubMed, GoogleScholar, Repositórios Cientificos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), and ScienceDirect) were searched from inception up to 31 December 2022. Among 34 eligible papers, the flowers and aerial parts were extensively studied, with aqueous extracts being the most commonly used. The findings suggest that Genista tridentata has high potential as a natural source of antioxidants and preservatives for the food/cosmetic industry, offering health benefits. Additionally, its year-round collectability provides an advantage for industrial applications. Genista tridentata (L.) Willk., known as "prickled broom", is a Leguminosae (Fabaceae) species native to the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. It is used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, for gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders, rheumatism, and headaches, to lower blood pressure, against hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the bioactivities and phytochemical profile of Genista tridentata to understand its pharmacological potential. For this, four electronic databases (PubMed, GoogleScholar, Repositórios Cientificos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCCAP), and ScienceDirect) were searched from inception up to 31 December 2022. From a total of 264 potentially eligible studies considered for screening, 34 papers were considered eligible for this systematic review. The sampling included 71 extracts, collected mainly in Portugal. Genista tridentata extracts present a high level of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The flowers and aerial parts of the plant were the most studied, and aqueous extracts were the most used. The results predict a high potential for the application of Genista tridentata as a new source of natural antioxidants and preservatives for the food industry with subsequent health benefits, such as the production of nutraceuticals. Moreover, the results indicate that the plant can be collected at all seasons of the year, which represents a benefit for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main aim of this research paper is to examine empirically the link between public investment in human capital and economic growth in Algeria over the period 1990-2017. In fact, public authorities spend annually considerable funds to make both education and health available for all citizens as they are vital elements for a better life. This political action which is well understood from social perspective should have also some economic benefits especially in terms economic growth. Scholars strongly argued the crucial importance of investing in human capital to spur growth. In this context, the current paper tends to assess the impact of public spending devoted to human capital components on economic growth in Algeria. To do so, the study used annual time series data of government expenditures on these two sectors ranged from 1990 to 2017, and employs for estimation the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The main finding of this paper is that there is no cointegrating relationship between these two variables in the long run. This result is in line with many previous studies in Algeria as well as in other developing countries. This basically supports the idea that spending on education and health would not inevitably lead to growth. The lessons learnt from the experience of emerging economies denote that there are a series of preliminary conditions that should be set up to make the association between public investment in human capital and growth possible. Government spending alone cannot induce economic growth if corruption prevails and resources are inefficiently allocated. Also, it is the quality of health and education that matters. In Algeria, despite of the considerable funding of education and health sectors, the quality of service offered inside schools and hospitals is still poor. Thus, increasing numbers of doctors leave the country because they believe that work conditions are not suitable. Many Patients also prefer to join foreign hospitals because they believe that local medical service is somewhat unsatisfactory. Likewise, a great number of university students choose to join foreign universities to pursue their higher studies because they consider the quality of local universities is poor. Based on this evidence, policymakers are invited to take into consideration these conditions among others in order to strengthen the impact of public investment in human capital on economic growth in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seminal roots are known to play an important role in crop performance, particularly under drought conditions. A set of 37 durum wheat cultivars and local landraces was screened for variation in architecture and size of seminal roots using a laboratory setting, with a filter paper method combined with image processing by SmartRoot software. Significant genetic variability was detected for all root and shoot traits assessed. Four rooting patterns were identified, with landraces showing overall steeper angle and higher root length, in comparison with cultivars, which presented a wider root angle and shorter root length. Some traits revealed trends dependent on the genotypes' year of release, like increased seminal root angle and reduced root size (length, surface, and volume) over time. We confirm the presence of a remarkable diversity of root traits in durum wheat whose relationship with adult root features and agronomic performance should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to discuss and examine the relationship between intellectual capital and financial services and to show if the financial sector is positively influenced by intellectual capital. We used the descriptive analytical approach assuming that there is a positive effect of the independent variable which is intellectual capital on the dependent variable which is financial services. The result of SPSS program (version 21) indicated that there is a weak direct correlation and a significant effect at a weak rate estimated at 9, 6% between intellectual capital and the improvement of financial service in Algerian banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Sciences Journal / Revue des Sciences Humaines is the property of Universite des Freres Mentouri Constantine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

People should be walking towards the inside of the dwelling through an appropriate visual environment in transitional space; this environment is the staircase in the collective housing. The proper understanding of visual adaptation parameters in the staircase helps architects provide a suitable environment for inhabitants. This paper aims to specify design elements of the staircase in collective housing, to achieve a visual comfort in this transitional space. The work involved two approaches: field measurements and a visual comfort survey using a questionnaire; 144 questionnaires are collected, in four residential buildings with different staircases treatment in the city of Arris, Algeria, to examine the illuminance levels in different staircase positions along the path from outside the building to inside, in summer and winter where illuminance ratios were calculated and compared with CIBSE Code. The discomfort sensations ranged from "subtle" to "dramatic". The results show that a staircase with the percentage of opening of 88% indicated "strong" and "dramatic" visual shock in many points and as this staircase is open, it is exposed to light conditions and so it does not ensure the necessary transition. This leads to advising against the open staircase. In the case of a staircase treated with transoms of clear glass with the percentage of opening of 11%, these transoms direct the light to specific areas creating "strong" visual shock in many points of the stair landings and hence it leads to advise against that. The staircases treated with vertical bays throughout the façade presenting a percentage of opening between 19% and 22%, these treatments allow the penetration of daylight in a diffused way which ensures a balanced distribution of daylight inside the staircases. The existence of a solid overhang at the entrance; the façade treated with vertical bays, where the percentage of opening of the façade is about 19% and 22%, provided adequate transition leading to reasonable visual comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought has emerged as a major challenge to global food and water security, and is particularly pronounced for Algeria, which frequently grapples with water shortages. This paper sought to monitor and assess the temporal and spatial distribution of drought severity across northern Algeria (excluding the Sahara) during the growing season from 2011 to 2022, while exploring the relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) anomaly and climate variables (rainfall and temperature). Temporal NDVI data from the Terra moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite covering the period 2000–2022 and climate data from the European Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) datasets collected during the period 1990–2022 were used. The results showed that a considerable portion of northern Algeria has suffered from droughts of varying degrees of severity during the study period. The years 2022, 2021, 2016, and 2018 were the hardest hit, with 76%, 71%, 66%, and 60% of the area, respectively, experiencing drought conditions. While the relationship between the NDVI anomaly and the climatic factors showed variability across the different years, the steady decrease in vegetation health indicated by the NDVI anomaly corroborates the observed increase in drought intensity during the study period. We conclude that the MODIS-NDVI product offers a cost-efficient approach to monitor drought in data-scarce regions like Algeria, presenting a viable alternative to conventional climate-based drought indices, while serving as an initial step towards formulating drought mitigation plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energies have become pivotal in the global energy landscape. Their adoption is crucial for phasing out fossil fuels and promoting environmentally friendly energy solutions. In recent years, the energy management system (EMS) concept has emerged to manage the power grid. EMS optimizes electric grid operations through advanced metering, automation, and communication technologies. A critical component of EMS is power forecasting, which facilitates precise energy grid scheduling. This research paper introduces a deep learning hybrid model employing convolutional neural network–long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) for short-term photovoltaic (PV) solar energy forecasting. The proposed method integrates the variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm with the CNN-LSTM model to predict PV power output from a solar farm in Boussada, Algeria, spanning 1 January 2019, to 31 December 2020. The performance of the developed model is benchmarked against other deep learning models across various time horizons (15, 30, and 60 min): variational mode decomposition–convolutional neural network (VMD-CNN), variational mode decomposition–long short-term memory (VMD-LSTM), and convolutional neural network–long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM), which provide a comprehensive evaluation. Our findings demonstrate that the developed model outperforms other methods, offering promising results in solar power forecasting. This research contributes to the primary goal of enhancing EMS by providing accurate solar energy forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the emergence of the coronavirus pandemic, digital transformation has become a crucial tool in several aspects of life. Experts and scientists agree that digitalization is the essential key for all governments to implement sustainable development in both developed and developing countries. For example, many African countries are focusing on improving their digital systems in order to meet the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Today, this Agenda represents United Nations' 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in order to improve the lives of billions. In the last few years, Algeria has seriously taken up the issue of digital transformation to achieve sustainable development. This research paper discusses the concept of sustainable development in Algeria and how digital transformation can contribute to reaching sustainable development. It also illustrates different aspects of sustainable development that can be impacted by the digitalization process. The paper demonstrates the efforts deployed by the Algerian government in terms of digitalization to reach sustainable development. The other objective of this study is to highlight the different challenges faced by the Algerian government during the digital revolution. To do this study, the researcher adopts a descriptive analytical method. In addition, data was gathered from various research sources (national and international literature), reports, documents, and websites in order to make a comprehensive assessment of Algeria's efforts to reach sustainable development via digitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. In some solar concentrating system applications, in which the incoming sunlight is augmented by using commercial flat plate reflectors placed on different sides of the planar collector, it is very important to choose the optimum tilts of boosters (attached edge-to-edge on the top and bottom sides of the solar collector) for each month, to enhance their received solar irradiation over the year in the southern Algeria. The novelty of the proposed work consists of the development of a novel mathematical model in which the reference of the reflector’s tilt angles is the collector plane, and optimal tilts are optimized on the average day of each month. Purpose. This paper proposes a novel analytical model of two identical planer reflectors, placed on the top and bottom of a latitude tilted flat plate solar collector, for optimizing their optimal inclination angles during the daytime throughout the year in Ouargla city, southeast of Algeria. Methods. Optimal tilt angles of reflectors were obtained by searching for the optimum captured solar irradiation on the collector’s surface from each reflector in the representative day of each month of the year. After that, the obtained tilts were used for calculating incoming solar irradiation on the received area and comparing them to the solar collector without reflectors. Results. The findings of this paper showed that the reflector’s inclination angles were variable from one month to another in which the upper reflector’s tilts reached its maximum in June and minimum in December, contrarily for the lower reflector. Again, an increase of 28.05 % in the daily received solar irradiation on the collector surface with reflectors compared to the conventional one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the sources of economic growth in Algeria, studying the key drivers of their slow and weak economic performance, during the period of 1979–2019 from the perspective of the augmented growth accounting framework and the growth regression method. More specifically, the paper uses the augmented growth accounting framework to decompose the aggregate growth of an individual economy to determine the contribution of various inputs and the total factor productivity. The growth regression method, then, links the growth performance of a given country to a set of economic, social, and institutional variables to identify the deep drivers of its economic growth. Results of the accounting framework show that Algeria's growth performance has been weak and modest for decades. This is due, mainly, to labor growth with weak gain in capital accumulation and to sharp losses in the total factor productivity growth. Furthermore, results of the econometrics study stress the importance of the political, institutional, and economic variables and the macroeconomic stability as potential factors that may affect growth in Algeria. These findings highlight the need for policymakers to identify and to target these determinants to improve the long-run economic growth in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeys from different regions of Algeria were analyzed to determine their pollen characteristics and physicochemical properties (humidity, pH, electrical conductivity, diastase content, color, phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity). The antioxidant activity was investigated using the free radical scavenging and Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assays. The melissopalynological analysis revealed 129 pollen types from 53 botanical families. The pollen types found as dominant were Coriandrum, Bupleurum, Brassica napus type, Hedysarum coronarium, Ceratonia siliqua, Eucalyptus, Peganum harmala, Ziziphus lotus and Tamarix. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze significant relationships between the physicochemical variables and the botanical origin of the honeys and establish groupings based on the similarities of their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. The results showed that Ceratonia siliqua, Eucalyptus, Arbutus and honeydew honeys had a higher antioxidant contribution and higher phenolic and flavonoid contents than the rest of the honeys. In addition, the contributions of Mediterranean vegetation such as Myrtus and Phyllirea angustifolia were significant in this honey group. This paper demonstrates the diverse botanical variability for honey production in Algeria. However, there is a gap in its characterization based on its botanical origin. Therefore, these studies contribute positively to the needs of the beekeeping sector and the commercial valorization of the country's honey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects, not only on public health but also on the global economy, social interactions, and daily life. It has highlighted the importance of global cooperation and the need for more investment in public health and emergency preparedness. The pandemic also exposed weaknesses in many countries' educational management systems; it has forced many higher education institutions to adopt new teaching and learning methods to minimize the risk of transmission. This resulted in the need for comparative studies to evaluate the effectiveness of different pedagogical responses and to find common ground on the most effective practices and responses that would help higher education institutions better prepare for similar challenges in the future. The present study provides a comparative study and outcomes through a record of the pedagogical responses by higher education authorities in two completely different contexts (Algeria and the UK). The authors of the paper adopted a desktop analysis approach through valid and first-hand reliable sources like government and university official releases. This research methodology would involve a systematic and rigorous approach to data collection and analysis to ensure the reliability and validity of the research findings. Through coding and thematic analysis of the collected data, the researchers concluded that the efficiency of the responses and decisions adopted by higher education institutions varied depending on a range of factors such as the institution's resources, infrastructure, and student population. However, the pandemic highlighted the need for agile and serious responses to ensure the safety and well-being of students and the campus community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate agricultural sustainability as a collective issue involving multiple rather than individual farms. Through the utilization of energy consumption as a proxy, we propose a novel methodology that evaluates the impact of farm consolidations on agricultural sustainability while accounting for resource preferences. Our approach incorporates the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator within an inverse data envelopment analysis (IDEA) model to identify post-merger farms that meet preset efficiency targets. We employ a DEA cross-efficiency (DEA-CE) procedure to select merger plans that maximize agricultural sustainability for each preference scenario. By analysing a case study of 43 tomato greenhouse farms in Biskra, northern Algeria, our findings demonstrate that mergers can significantly enhance agricultural sustainability, surpassing the potential of individual farms by a factor of over 15. Additionally, the adoption of the most sustainable merger plan can lead to energy savings of more than 69%. Irrespective of the preference scenario, substantial energy savings in machinery, fertilizers, diesel, and electricity ranging from 22.92% to 73.73% were observed. These results emphasize the strategic role of merger processes in promoting agricultural sustainability and optimizing resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Algeria, at the present time, there are no rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) registered with the public authorities as an alternative to the public water supply. This is explained by numerous factors, the most important being inhabitants' acceptance. The aim of this article is to investigate the current level of acceptance of an RWHS as a viable method for backing up the public water supply system. Our hypothesis is that inhabitants' acceptance can be improved by the increasing awareness of the benefits of an RWHS. For the purposes of this study, an RWHS located in northern Algeria was designed, and its benefits were measured and discussed with the direct participation of residents living in the building. The first benefit was the potential potable water saving (PPWS) and the second was the benefit-cost ratio (BCR). The PPWS was estimated at 51 m3/year. The BCR was estimated at 7% (15% with local council funding). This paper shows that, in the case of an existing building, inhabitant acceptance of an RWHS depends on three factors: (1) the amount of rainwater delivered by the RWHS; (2) the cost of building and managing it; and (3) the extent of the modifications made to the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar radiation data play a pivotal role in harnessing solar energy. Unfortunately, the availability of these data is limited due to the sparse distribution of meteorological stations worldwide. This paper introduces and simulates three models designed for estimating and predicting global solar radiation at ground level. Furthermore, it conducts an in-depth analysis and comparison of the simulation results derived from these models, utilizing measured data from selected sites in Algeria where such information is accessible. The focus of our study revolves around three empirical models: Capderou, Lacis and Hansen, and Liu and Jordan. These models utilize day number and solar factor as input parameters, along with the primary site's geographical coordinates—longitude, latitude, and altitude. Additionally, meteorological parameters such as relative humidity, temperature, and pressure are incorporated into the models. The objective is to estimate global solar radiation for any given day throughout the year at the specified location. Upon simulation, the results highlight that the Capderou model exhibits superior accuracy in approximating solar components, demonstrating negligible deviations between real and estimated values, especially under clear-sky conditions. However, these models exhibit certain limitations in adverse weather conditions. Consequently, alternative approaches, such as fuzzy logic methods or models based on satellite imagery, become essential for accurate predictions in inclement weather scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between language and identity was an issue of huge debate over the last few years. It is observed, mainly in educational institutions, that the interrelation between identity and language does exist in various conversational interactions to portray modes of thinking and venues of interacting with knowledge. This issue has gained momentum among researchers and experts. This paper endeavors to shed light on the feasibility of transportable identities that engage and motivate learners of English. It aims to showcase how transportable identities can generate genuine discourse in classroom settings. The current study might enrich the existing literature, especially in the Algerian context, knowing that transportable identities were not addressed before in Algeria. The data gathered will provide empirical evidence of the viable impact of transportable identities within conversational interaction. Hence, this study is a reasonable attempt to improve the quality of both English as a Foreign Language learning and teaching. To equate with research objectives, an exploratory study was conducted to address the following research question: "To what extent can English as a Foreign Language conversational interaction, supported by transportable identities, generate authentic classroom discourse and, by extension, enhance learning?" Research findings obtained confirmed that conversational interaction that engages learners' transportable identities engendered genuine discourses and impacted their proficiency positively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the existence of Okun's law in Algeria over the period of 1970–2020 using both the gap and differences model. The main objective of this paper is to econometrically examine, explore and test the nexus among unemployment rate and economic growth, in order to have a clear explanation about unemployment in Algeria. Firstly, the Kapetanios unit root test and Maki cointegration test are employed for the gap model to deal with the structural breaks than the estimation of the coefficients in this case, secondly, the quantile regression is used for the differences model; finally, three categories of causality tests are used in this research. The findings revealed that unemployment rates are not affected by output over the period of study both in the gap and differences model. Hence, Okun's law is not held in Algeria. The study focused on Okun's law in different ways. This latter carries out structural breaks in both the unit root and co-integration analysis. On the other hand, the study uses the quantile regression for the first time in the examination of Okun's law. In the same line of thought, this research introduces an asymmetric analysis in the Maki cointegration and quantile regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the impact of balconies on the energy demand required for cooling in the arid climate zone of the city of Adrar, in Algeria. For the purpose to assess several situations of the balconies, we have chosen a parametric method based on a campaign of thermal simulations. The open and eliminated balcony type were selected and characterized by four parameters: the balcony to room ratio, the orientation, the window type, and the balcony position. A set of 100 simulations was selected randomly based on the Monte-Carlo probability technique. The final sample was corrected based on Cook's distance which gave 85 simulations as a final sample size. A generalized regression model was performed to identify the impact of each parameter. The accuracy of the model is above 97% and the sensitivity analysis shows that the most important factor is the balcony to room ratio which could reduce the energy demand up to 26% followed by the window type (24%), the orientation (8%) and the balcony position (5%). This conclusion stresses the idea of considering the balcony as a passive solution to reduce the cooling energy demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Sciences Journal / Revue des Sciences Humaines is the property of Universite des Freres Mentouri Constantine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Sciences Journal / Revue des Sciences Humaines is the property of Universite des Freres Mentouri Constantine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The English for Aviation Language Testing System (EALTS) is one of the international tests for pilots wishing to operate in international airspace. This test presents a wide range of difficulties for Algerian pilots, but little research has been conducted to estimate its validity. This paper seeks to answer two questions: (1) What are test-takers perspectives on the EALTS test construct? and (2) What is the assessors' perception of the testing procedure and test validity? A descriptive study was conducted using qualitative data from a semi-structured questionnaire for ten pilots and a semi-structured interview for three certified assessors and four university researchers. The authors used 'first-hand' data from the targeted sample to cross-check results' validity through triangulation. The results show specific difficulties from an affective dimension, such as stress and anxiety caused by inefficient preparation and unfamiliarity with test tasks. A different interpretation of ICAO descriptions using the rating scale is another issue noted by assessors. Additionally, technical issues with the computer-based listening test and non-compliant features of the test contents with features of the target situation language use are among the main issues noted by both testtakers and assessors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall aim of this paper was to divulge the pathogenic and beneficial bacterial flora of cockroaches (Blatta orientalis) living in a hospital area in Annaba city, Algeria. Thirteen cockroaches were randomly apprehended in sterile conditions during March 2022 in two different hospitals in Annaba, "El Bouni" Hospital and the "Sainte-Therese" Hospital. Bacterial strains were isolated from the imprint of the insect on Petri dishes previously inoculated with different media, also from external and internal body part suspensions of the captured specimens. Biochemical identification was established using the analytical profile Index (API) System (Biomerieux, France). The identification of the enteric-screened strain was confirmed using molecular sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results showed a high prevalence of the pathogenic strains isolated from the oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis (225 strains), such as Serratia liquefaciens, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Pseudomonas luteola, Enterobacter aerogenes, Hafniaalvei and Bacillus sp. Phylogenetic analysis of the enteric bacteria confirmed the affiliation with Shimwellia blattae NCTC10965 (100%), Basonym Escherichia blattae, which is a natural cyanocobalamin producer. Results confirm at the same time the symbiotic relationship between S. blattae and Blatta orientalis, but also point out the underrepresented potential of these insects as a source of strains with biotechnological interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In this paper, we outline and compare pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies for in-patent prescription medicines in three Maghreb countries, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia, and explore possible improvements in their pricing and reimbursement systems. Methods: The evidence informing this study comes from both an extensive literature review and a primary data collection from experts in the three studied countries. Key findings: Twenty-six local experts where interviewed Intervieweesincluded ministry officials, representatives of national regulatory authorities, health insurance organizations, pharmaceutical procurement departments and agencies, academics, private pharmaceutical-sector actors, and associations. Results show that External Reference Pricing (ERP) is the dominant pricing method for in-patent medicines in the studied countries. Value-based pricing through Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is a new concept, recently used in Tunisia to help the reimbursement decision of some in-patent medicines but not yet used in the pricing of innovative medicines in the studied countries. Reimbursement decision is mainly based on negotiations set on Internal Reference Pricing (IRP). Conclusion: Whereas each country has its specific regulations, there are many similarities in the pricing and reimbursement policies of in-patent medicines in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. The ERP was found to be the dominant method to inform pricing and reimbursement decisions of inpatent medicines. Countries in the region can focus on the development of explicit value assessment systems and minimize their dependence on ERP over the longer-term. In this context, HTA will rely on local assessment of the evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper expands the list of alien species of Crassulaceae that escaped from cultivation in Algeria and mainland North Africa, as a result of the discovery of two new alien species in the Skikda region (northeastern Algeria) in 2021 and 2023. Aeonium haworthii was recorded in a semi-natural habitat, the maritime cliff of the Stora region, and seems completely naturalized in this locality. Crassula ovata was recorded in an urban environment, where it colonizes balconies and roofs; at present, this species is considered to be a casual. These results are supported by field photos of both species, a distribution map and an updated list of alien Crassulaceae species reported so far from mainland North Africa (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several Mediterranean fisheries are experiencing flaws in the application of the management system based on input control, including Algeria, where the state of fisheries and stocks remain unclear. This paper focused on the characterization of the catches from bottom trawling by professional fishing vessels in the Mostaganem fishery (West of Algeria). Catch data were collected on board between 2017 and 2020 in two different fishing areas between isobaths 30 and 100 meters in depth. Out of a total of 87 species caught, discards represented a greater variety of species (74) than landings (57). Quantitatively, the landing weights were estimated at 7.8 tons, while the discard weights were lower, accounting for 1.8 tons. Between the two fishing areas, a significant difference was detected in the composition of discards and landings, while for the weights, the two areas were similar. Generally, the Mostaganem fishery is similar to other bottom trawl Mediterranean fisheries both for target and discard species. Otherwise, this research highlighted the existence of an uncontrolled black market, which sustains the practice of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing, and potentially increases the rate of overexploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operational dams in Algeria lose 32 million m3 of water storage capacity each year, and fifteen of these dams are threatened by siltation. This investigation forms a component of a management strategy for dredged silt in the Gargar Dam, the third-largest dam in Algeria with considerable sedimentation. This paper comprises two main axes: a detailed experimental study based on the studied dam mud's physico-chemical, rheological, and mechanical analysis. The second part is based on the study of the valorization of Gargar mud to be acceptable for use in road civil engineering. In order to obtain this goal, the Gargar mud was treated with lime (0-6%), sand (20%), and natural pozzolana (20%). Test results show that the properties of Gargar mud are significantly improved after treatment, and the soil becomes more friable and more resistant; it can therefore be used as a foundation layer in road civil engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates whether international crude oil prices predicted the exchange rate in Algeria between January 1988 and June 2022. This paper does so by employing a variety of causality tests. More specifically, the causal linkages are checked using various time domain causality tests, the frequency domain causality test proposed by Breitung-Candelon (J Econom 132(2):363–378, 2006) and the time-varying causality test recently developed by Shi et al. (2018, 2020). The different causality tests suggest that fluctuations in Brent crude oil prices do not cause the real effective exchange rate. These findings are robust to introducing alternative exchange rates and crude oil price proxies. The analysis is further extended by considering the asymmetric and volatile behaviors of crude oil prices. The time-varying causality test indicates that the real effective exchange rate exhibits a significant response solely to decreases in oil prices. Finally, oil price volatility obtained from the EGARCH (2,2) model has predictive power on the exchange rate following each decline in crude oil prices. The discussion and policy recommendations are subsequently provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fire-fighting system is one of the proactive technical barriers related to liquefied petroleum gas storage tank safety. This paper presents an integrated approach that uses fuzzy set theory, an improved-dependent uncertain ordered weighted averaging operator and fault tree analysis to handle uncertainty in the unavailability assessment of fire-fighting systems. In this study, the center of area is used to defuzzify triangular fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, for the fire-fighting system fault tree, importance analysis, including Fussell–Vesely importance measure and risk reduction worth of basic events, are performed to identify the weak links of the fire-fighting system. In addition, a real case study on a fire-fighting system for a liquefied petroleum gas storage system in an LPG unit in Algeria is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The research results show that the proposed methodology makes it possible to assess the unavailability of the entire system by analyzing weak links. Consequently, some suggestions are given to take preventive–corrective actions in advance, in order to reduce the failure probability of fire-fighting system and assist the practitioners in setting priorities for improving safety procedures in liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks. The study provides references for analyzing safety barriers in a complex system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper focuses on the novel Our Riches [Nos Richesses] published in 2017 by a young Algerian writer, Kaouther Adimi. The book is set in 20th century Algeria and narrates the history of Les Vraies Richesses, a publishing house and library founded in Alger by Edmond Charlot, which is to be closed in 2017 by Ryad, a young Algerian living in Paris, who has come to Alger to do his internship. The aim of the paper is to analyse the French-Algerian relationships depicted in the book and to study whether the novel may be inscribed in the concept of "francophonie". It is divided into three parts. The first one investigates the structure of the book, its language and historical events described by the writer. The second examines the character development and the roles of the main protagonists and the last one focuses on the use of pronouns "you" and "we". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper analyses Carnets du voyage en Égypte by a French painter and writer, Eugène Fromentin (1820-1876), using the concept of autobiogeography. The concept allows to examine how the author of a geographical description may be seen throughout this description and how s/he is influenced by the space. The paper argues that the personality of Fromentin emerges from his travel notes even though they are focused mainly on the description of the Egyptian space and the forms “I” or “we” appear there rarely. Three aspects of Fromentin’s personality may be seen through the analyses of his geographical descriptions of Egypt: the Orientalist painter enthusiastic towards the space; the traveler marked by his previous travels to Algeria who in Egyptian spaces sees Algerian ones; and the man who feels old and tired, refuses to discover the Egyptian space and who just wants to come back home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Miriam R. Lowi's primary goal is to explain “the enigma of Algeria” (p. 16), her analysis extends far beyond this individual country to shed light on questions that are of broad interest to students of comparative politics. Indeed, as is indicative of all so-called single-country case studies, her in-depth investigation of Algeria's postindependence trajectory—from its “unfulfilled expectations” in the 1980s to its “descent into violence” in the 1990s and then “the [state's] resurgence” in the 2000s (p. 7)—is at the outset an attempt to explain a larger class of phenomena. Lowi is quite explicit in this regard. In sum, she seeks to “extend [her] argument about Algeria” to explain, first, why oil-rich states experience different kinds of political stability in the face of similar economic shocks, and second, what role, if any, oil wealth has played in fueling these political outcomes (p. 17). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research paper aims to create development region, as itis a means for reorganizing the potential for development, as the research work dealt with a systematic vision based on the merging of the results of statistical analysis with the principles adopted in regional divisions, we have identified three regions with different developmental characteristics; the north eastern developmental region, the Constantine development region and the eastern high plains region. The results of the work are shown in a map of development regions were the final outputs of the research paper are prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: The aim of this paper is to examine the long run relationship among oil prices and the Algerian Dinar exchange rate over the period January 1995–February 2020 in Algeria as one of the most important oil-exporting countries and one of the OPEC members. Purpose: This study investigated the co-integration relationship between oil prices and exchange rate in Algeria by testing the long-run relationship between the two variables and their positive and negative shocks. Research methodology: the study applied both the traditional co-integration analysis using Engle-Granger, Phillips-Ouliaris and Johansen-Juselius tests and the hidden co-integration presented by Granger and Yoon (2002). Results: The results revealed that there is no evidence of a co-movement and linkage between oil prices and exchange rate in Algeria over the period of study neither with the original series nor between the cumulative components whatever the dependent variable. Novelty: This paper fills in the missing link between the Algerian Dinar exchange rate and oil prices especially with the absence of the hidden co-integration analysis in the case of Algeria and most of the developing countries. To deal with the oil shocks according to Apergis and Miller (2007) and Narayan and Gupta (2015) studies where when they suggested distinguishing between the negative and positive oil price shocks because the asymmetric effect on the macroeconomic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Coronavirus outbreak in 2019, higher education has shifted from face-to-face learning to distance learning incorporating various platforms such as Moodle. The use of the latter has changed the Algerian university's teaching and learning dynamics. In this case, and unlike in-traditional class learning, which is characterized by physical interaction, online learning requires self-awareness about personal strengths and weaknesses. Thus, the issue addressed in this paper was which strategy the students need to use online and whether the students use the same learning strategies in the two modes of learning; in-class and online. They are now a must to use new strategies to engage in Digital Learning (DL). In this view and based on Oxford 2003, Chamot 2004, Griffith 2013, and O'Malley 1995 references regarding learning strategies that have been pointed out as major determinants for successful learning, this study aims to raise the students' self-awareness towards using different learning strategies in online learning compared to in-class learning. The main objective of the present investigation is to identify whether Master's students in the department of English at the University of Mostaganem use different learning strategies for their online courses or not. Oxford's Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL), 1990, has been adapted and used with 80 Master's students of English at Abdelhamid University of Mostaganem, Algeria, to gather relevant data. The findings revealed that most students use the same language learning strategies for both in-class and online learning. Hence, an adaptation and strategy instruction for online learning is recommended, i.e., students have to modify and adapt their own way of learning the target language since some learning strategies may not be effective for distance one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algeria is planning to carry out its sixth General Census of Population and Housing (RGPH) in 2018. This paper mainly concentrates on ONS' vision of census data collection through the use of mobile technology, namely 3G and 4G LTE technologies. A challenge in this method is the accuracy of data entered: the mobile applications environment has a multitude of particularities. This requires an adaptable approach for performance analysis in terms of total quality management for software projects. Thus, our paper will address the issues related to the implementation of this mobile solution through a mobile application quality estimation model that requires the identification of features (e.g. interaction time, volume of provided information, error management, data security, transaction security, ?). The paper proposes to look at a set of indicators normalized on the [0; 1] interval as to measure the application quality level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the alignment between the university education at ISTA Oran and labor market needs in Algeria. The high unemployment rate among Algerian university graduates points to a general problematic of mismatch between education and jobs. The main hypothesis is that there is a gap between the educational services and actual labor market requirements. The methodology used is a survey of 47 ISTA teachers. Overall, the study highlights the need for better training-employment alignment to positively impact graduates' employability.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]