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1. Nanoarchaeum equitans and Ignicoccus hospitalis: New Insights into a Unique, Intimate Association of Two Archaea.

Author

Jahn, Ulrike, Gallenberger, Martin, Paper, Walter, Junglas, Benjamin, Eisenreich, Wolfgang, Stetter, Karl O., Rachel, Reinhard, and Huber, Harald

Subjects
*ARCHAEBACTERIA, *MICROBIOLOGY, *BACTERIA, *SYMBIOSIS, *INDUSTRIAL microbiology, *LEAVENING agents
Abstract

Nanoarchaeum equitans and Ignicoccus hospitalis represent a unique, intimate association of two archaea. Both form a stable coculture which is mandatory for N. equitans but not for the host I. hospitalis. Here, we investigated interactions and mutual influence between these microorganisms. Fermentation studies revealed that during exponential growth only about 25% of I. hospitalis cells are occupied by N. equitans cells (one to three cells). The latter strongly proliferate in the stationary phase of I. hospitalis, until 80 to 90% of the I. hospitalis cells carry around 10 N. equitans cells. Furthermore, the expulsion of H2S, the major metabolic end product of I. hospitalis, by strong gas stripping yields huge amounts of free N. equitans cells. N. equitans had no influence on the doubling times, final cell concentrations, and growth temperature, pH, or salt concentration ranges or optima of I. hospitalis. However, isolation studies using optical tweezers revealed that infection with N. equitans inhibited the proliferation of individual I. hospitalis cells. This inhibition might be caused by deprivation of the host of cell components like amino acids, as demonstrated by 13C-labeling studies. The strong dependence of N. equitans on I. hospitalis was affirmed by live-dead staining and electron microscopic analyses, which indicated a tight physiological and structural connection between the two microorganisms. No alternative hosts, including other Ignicoccus species, were accepted by N. equitans. In summary, the data show a highly specialized association of N. equitans and I. hospitalis which so far cannot be assigned to a classical symbiosis, commensalism, or parasitism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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2. The antibody/microbiota interface in health and disease

Author

Emma Slack, Delphine Sterlin, Guy Gorochov, Jehane Fadlallah, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Anticorps en thérapie et pathologie - Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service d'Immunopathologie [Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Recherche clinique appliquée à l'hématologie ((EA_3518)), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), D.S. was supported for this work by a Pasteur/APHP interface fellowship, We thank members of the Gorochov and Slack labs for discussions and H. Yssel for critical reading of the paper., CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-CHU Saint Louis [APHP], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Immunoglobulin A, Immunology, Disease, Biology, Gut flora, digestive system, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Immunity, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Symbiosis, Immunity, Mucosal, Host Microbial Interactions, Compartmentalization (psychology), biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, 030104 developmental biology, Immunoglobulin A, Secretory, biology.protein, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Antibody, Function (biology), 030215 immunology
Abstract

International audience; The human intestine is densely colonized with commensal microbes that stimulate the immune system. While secretory Immunoglobulin (Ig) A is known to play a crucial role in gut microbiota compartmentalization, secretory IgM, and systemic IgG have recently been highlighted in host-microbiota interactions as well. In this review, we discuss important aspects of secretory IgA biology, but rather than focusing on mechanistic aspects of IgA impact on microbiota, we stress the current knowledge of systemic antibody responses to whole gut microbiota, in particular their generation, specificities, and function. We also provide a comprehensive picture of secretory IgM biology. Finally, therapeutic and diagnostic implications of these novel findings for the treatment of various diseases are outlined.

Published
2019