21 results on '"Billon, Yvon"'
Search Results
2. Studies of male and female meiosis in inv(4)(p1.4;q2.3) pig carriers
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Massip, Katia, Yerle, Martine, Billon, Yvon, Ferchaud, Stéphane, Bonnet, Nathalie, Calgaro, Anne, Mary, Nicolas, Dudez, Anne-Marie, Sentenac, Céline, Plard, Christophe, Ducos, Alain, and Pinton, Alain
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effect of chronic and acute heat challenges on fecal microbiota composition, production, and thermoregulation traits in growing pigs
- Author
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Le Sciellour, Mathilde, Zemb, Olivier, Hochu, Isabelle, Riquet, Juliette, Gilbert, Hélène, Giorgi, Mario, Billon, Yvon, Gourdine, Jean-Luc, Renaudeau, David, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Plateforme Tropicale d'Expérimentation sur l'Animal (PTEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (URZ), ANR-12-ADAP-0015, European Project: 633531,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,Feed-a-Gene(2015), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
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Animal biology ,stress thermique ,Pig ,climat ,Microbiota ,Climate ,Performance ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,swine ,performance animale ,Enterotype ,Heat stress ,population bactérienne ,heat stress ,microbiote ,composition ,Biologie animale ,porc - Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the impact of heat challenges on gut microbiota composition in growing pigs and its relationship with pigs’ performance and thermoregulation responses. From a total of 10 F1 sire families, 558 and 564 backcross Large White × Créole pigs were raised and phenotyped from 11 to 23 wk of age in temperate (TEMP) and in tropical (TROP) climates, respectively. In TEMP, all pigs were subjected to an acute heat challenge (3 wk at 29 °C) from 23 to 26 wk of age. Feces samples were collected at 23 wk of age both in TEMP and TROP climate (TEMP23 and TROP23 samples, respectively) and at 26 wk of age in TEMP climate (TEMP26 samples) for 16S rRNA analyses of fecal microbiota composition. The fecal microbiota composition significantly differed between the 3 environments. Using a generalized linear model on microbiota composition, 182 operational taxonomic units (OTU) and 2 pathways were differentially abundant between TEMP23 and TEMP26, and 1,296 OTU and 20 pathways between TEMP23 and TROP23. Using fecal samples collected at 23 wk of age, pigs raised under the 2 climates were discriminated with 36 OTU using a sparse partial least square discriminant analysis that had a mean classification error-rate of 1.7%. In contrast, pigs in TEMP before the acute heat challenge could be discriminated from the pigs in TEMP after the heat challenge with 32 OTU and 9.3% error rate. The microbiota can be used as biomarker of heat stress exposition. Microbiota composition revealed that pigs were separated into 2 enterotypes. The enterotypes were represented in both climates. Whatever the climate, animals belonging to the Turicibacter–Sarcina–Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype were 3.3 kg heavier (P < 0.05) at 11 wk of age than those belonging to the Lactobacillus-dominated enterotype. This latter enterotype was related to a 0.3 °C lower skin temperature (P < 0.05) at 23 wk of age. Following the acute heat challenge in TEMP, this enterotype had a less-stable rectal temperature (0.34 vs. 0.25 °C variation between weeks 23 and 24, P < 0.05) without affecting growth performance (P > 0.05). Instability of the enterotypes was observed in 34% of the pigs, switching from an enterotype to another between 23 and 26 wk of age after heat stress. Despite a lower microbial diversity, the Turicibacter–Sarcina–Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype was better adapted to heat stress conditions with lower thermoregulation variations.
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- 2019
4. The effect of divergent selection on adrenocortical activity in Large White pigs on gene expression after ACTH, LPS and social stress challenges
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Terenina, Elena, Dugué, Claire, Kulikova, E., Bazovkina, Darya, Gress, Laure, Lefort, Gaëlle, Billon, Yvon, Larzul, Catherine, Mormède, Pierre, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI)
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pig ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,[SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics ,behavior ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,selection ,genetic ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,[MATH]Mathematics [math] - Abstract
International audience; The effect of divergent selection on adrenocortical activity in Large White pigs on gene expression after ACTH, LPS and social stress challenges. E. Terenina1, C. Dugué1, E. Kulikova2, D. Bazovkina2, L. Gress1, G. Lefort1, Y. Billon3, C. Larzul1 & P. Mormede1 1 GenPhySE, INRA, INPT, ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France elena.mormede@inra.fr (Corresponding Author) 2 Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 3 GenESI, INRA, Le Magneraud, 17700 Surgères, France The objective of the present experiment is to analyze the expression of candidate genes related to HPA axis and stress in the third generation of selection of two lines of pigs divergently selected on the basis of plasma cortisol levels measured one hour after injection of ACTH. This test allows to objectify the activity level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a major neuroendocrine system of the stress response. The kinetics of the blood transcriptomic responses to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and social stress were measured at 4 time points (0, 1h, 4h, and 24h after the challenge). Our results suggest that the responses to these different challenges are not affected in the same way by HPA axis activity. We found 22 differentially expressed genes for the inflammatory stress, 2 genes specific to the response to ACTH injection and 12 genes for the social stress. The expression of studied candidate genes did not differ according to the line. Four genes (MEGF9, S100A9, CERS4 and PSAP) were found to be differentially expressed in the three tests and could therefore be used for the overall study of stress response. With the financial support of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, program ANR BIOADAPT, project SUSoSTRESS (ANR-12-ADAP-0008).
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- 2018
5. Divergent selection on adrenocortical activity in Large White pigs: study of responses to breeding challenges
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Mormède, Pierre, Terenina, Elena, Billon, Yvon, Ferchaud, Stéphane, Gress, Laure, Rémignon, Hervé, Manse, Hélène, Larzul, Catherine, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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pig ,stress ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,[SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,selection ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,genetic - Abstract
International audience; This experiment had the objective to analyze responses to various breeding challenges in the third generation of selection of two lines of pigs genetically selected on the basis of plasma cortisol levels measured one hour after injection of ACTH. This test allows to objectify the activity level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a major neuroendocrine system of the stress response. The results presented here show that the post-weaning growth rate was significantly lower in the high line, although the two lines had the same overall growth rate throughout their productive lives. The effects of a prolonged exposure to high temperature (30°C) and of group mixing stress prior to slaughter did not differ between the lines. These results show that the responses to different challenges are not affected in the same way by the HPA axis activity. These results, together with production data, will allow to evaluate the relevance of this criterion of selection to increase the robustness of animals. With the financial support of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, program ANR BIOADAPT, project SUSoSTRESS (ANR-12-ADAP-0008). Keywords: genetic selection, cortisol, stress, robustness, heat stress, weaning stress, mixing stress, pig.
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- 2018
6. Effect of heat stress on faecal microbiota composition in swine: preliminary results
- Author
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Le Sciellour, Mathilde, Hochu, Isabelle, Zemb, Olivier, Riquet, Juliette, Gilbert, Hélène, Giorgi, Mario, Billon, Yvon, Gourdine, Jean-Luc, Renaudeau, David, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Plateforme Tropicale d'Expérimentation sur l'Animal (PTEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (URZ), ANR PIG_HEAT, European Project: 633531,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,Feed-a-Gene(2015), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
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pig ,heat stress ,[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT] ,fecal microbiota ,Autre (Sciences du Vivant) - Abstract
International audience; Gut microbiota plays a central role in health and nutrient digestion and would help the host for better coping with environmental perturbations. In tropical conditions or in temperate countries during Summer, elevated ambient temperatures can cause economic losses to the pig industry. During heat stress (HS), the reduction in voluntary feed intake is the main adaptation response for reducing heat production. This lower feed intake has subsequent negative effects on pig performance. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between HS and gut microbiota composition. A better understanding of the microbiota response to HS could allow the selection for animals well adapted to HS. Genetically related pigs were raised under temperate or tropical farm conditions with mean thermal humidity indexes respectively 23 and 25.5 from 11 to 23 weeks of age. In temperate conditions, pigs were submitted to a 3-week HS challenge at 30 °C. Faecal samples were collected in all pigs at 23 weeks of age in both environments (n=1,200 samples) and at 26 weeks of age in the temperate environment (n=600). Therefore, it was possible to compare microbiota from pigs raised in a temperate environment, a tropical climate, and exposed to HS. Microbiota extracted from pigs under temperate and tropical climate had different compositions whereas pigs exposed to heat challenge or raised in tropical conditions tended to share a common microbiota. HS challenge drastically modified gut microbiota and the groups before and after the challenge could be predicted in a multilevel sparse partial least square discriminant analysis with 30 OTUs and a mean classification error rate of 14%. Our experiment suggests that microbiota can be used as biomarkers of HS exposition.
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- 2018
7. Late Fetal Blood Transcriptomic Approach To Get Insight Into Biology Related To Birth Survival
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Liaubet, Laurence, Voillet, Valentin, Lippi, Yannick, Iannuccelli, Nathalie, Lascor, Christine, Billon, Yvon, San Cristobal, Magali, Canario, Laurianne, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Transcriptomic impact of Xenobiotics (E23 TRiX), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), ANR-09-GENM-0005,PORCINET,Approche intégrée de la maturité des porcelets(2009), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - ENVT (FRANCE), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - EIP (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and ANR-09-GENM-005 PORCINET
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pig ,Pig ,[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT] ,Blood ,Autre ,blood ,Fetal maturity ,microarray ,fetal maturity ,Microarray ,Génétique animale ,Autre (Sciences du Vivant) - Abstract
In recent decades, improvement of prolificacy and body composition has been accompanied by a substantial increase in the mortality of piglets before weaning. The most critical period is the perinatal period, mostly during the first 24-48 hours following birth. The maturity of piglets, defined as the state of full development for survival at birth, is an important determinant of early mortality. The objective of our project is to take advantage of current knowledge about two pig breeds, Large White (LW) pigs selected for prolificacy and body composition and Meishan (MS) pigs being more robust. Maturity of several tissues and metabolite profiles of various fluids are analyzed on the fetuses (LW, MS and reciprocal F1) at day 90 or 110 of gestation (birth at day 114). Here we presented the transcriptomic analysis done on total blood samples (N=63). We did two different statistical analyses, a supervised one to reveal differential pathways for the interaction between gestational stages and genotypes and an unsupervised analysis (hclust and differential analyses) to identify potential predictors of a lesser maturity at birth. All p-values were adjusted with a Bonferroni correction < 1%. The 265 genes differential for the interaction (Bonferroni 1%) in blood samples revealed many genes for mitochondrial ATP synthesis, transcriptional regulation, and response to hypoxia (overexpressed in LW at day 110 of gestation).
- Published
- 2017
8. Effect of chronic and acute heat challenges on fecal microbiota composition, production, and thermoregulation traits in growing pigs,.
- Author
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Sciellour, Mathilde Le, Zemb, Olivier, Hochu, Isabelle, Riquet, Juliette, Gilbert, Hélène, Giorgi, Mario, Billon, Yvon, Gourdine, Jean-Luc, and Renaudeau, David
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SWINE ,BODY temperature regulation ,HEAT ,SKIN temperature ,DISCRIMINANT analysis ,MICROBIAL diversity ,BODY temperature - Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the impact of heat challenges on gut microbiota composition in growing pigs and its relationship with pigs' performance and thermoregulation responses. From a total of 10 F1 sire families, 558 and 564 backcross Large White × Créole pigs were raised and phenotyped from 11 to 23 wk of age in temperate (TEMP) and in tropical (TROP) climates, respectively. In TEMP, all pigs were subjected to an acute heat challenge (3 wk at 29 °C) from 23 to 26 wk of age. Feces samples were collected at 23 wk of age both in TEMP and TROP climate (TEMP23 and TROP23 samples, respectively) and at 26 wk of age in TEMP climate (TEMP26 samples) for 16S rRNA analyses of fecal microbiota composition. The fecal microbiota composition significantly differed between the 3 environments. Using a generalized linear model on microbiota composition, 182 operational taxonomic units (OTU) and 2 pathways were differentially abundant between TEMP23 and TEMP26, and 1,296 OTU and 20 pathways between TEMP23 and TROP23. Using fecal samples collected at 23 wk of age, pigs raised under the 2 climates were discriminated with 36 OTU using a sparse partial least square discriminant analysis that had a mean classification error-rate of 1.7%. In contrast, pigs in TEMP before the acute heat challenge could be discriminated from the pigs in TEMP after the heat challenge with 32 OTU and 9.3% error rate. The microbiota can be used as biomarker of heat stress exposition. Microbiota composition revealed that pigs were separated into 2 enterotypes. The enterotypes were represented in both climates. Whatever the climate, animals belonging to the Turicibacter – Sarcina – Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype were 3.3 kg heavier (P < 0.05) at 11 wk of age than those belonging to the Lactobacillus -dominated enterotype. This latter enterotype was related to a 0.3 °C lower skin temperature (P < 0.05) at 23 wk of age. Following the acute heat challenge in TEMP, this enterotype had a less-stable rectal temperature (0.34 vs. 0.25 °C variation between weeks 23 and 24, P < 0.05) without affecting growth performance (P > 0.05). Instability of the enterotypes was observed in 34% of the pigs, switching from an enterotype to another between 23 and 26 wk of age after heat stress. Despite a lower microbial diversity, the Turicibacter – Sarcina – Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype was better adapted to heat stress conditions with lower thermoregulation variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Temperate and tropical conditions impact on production and thermoregulatory traits in growing pigs
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Rose, Roseline, Gilbert, Hélène, Renaudeau, David, Riquet, Juliette, Giorgi, Mario, Billon, Yvon, Mandonnet, Nathalie, and Gourdine, Jean-Luc
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région tropicale ,pig ,thermotolerance ,croisement d'espèces ,climat ,production animale ,température ,race porcine creole ,région tempérée ,effet de l'environnement ,thermorégulation ,large white ,facteur milieu ,porc - Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of two environment (temperate TEMP vs tropical humid TROP) on production trait and thermoregulatory response of genetically linked growing pigs. Large white (LW) pigs were crossed with tropical pigs from the Creole breed (CR), which is less productive but more thermotolerant than LW. A total of 1,296 half-sib backcross, from 10 (LW x CR) boars and about 65 LW sows in each environment were reared in TROP (n=667) and in TEMP (n=629). TROP was characterized by an average daily ambient temperature (T) of 26.0±0.3 °C and an a'erage daily relative humidity (RH) of 84.5±0.5%. The corresponding values for TEMP were 25.1±0.6 °C and 61.2±3.8% respectively. Live body weight (BW) was measured at the beginning of test (week 11), at weeks 19 and 21, and at the end of test (week 23). Backfat thickness (BT) and cutaneous temperature (CT) were measured at weeks 19 and 23. Rectal temperature (RT) was recorded at weeks 19, 21 and 23. Under TROP, the average daily gain (ADG) during the test and BT were lower than under TEMP (718 vs 813 g/d and 14 vs 18 mm, P
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- 2015
10. Responses to weaning in two pig lines divergently selected for residual feed intake depending on diet 1.
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Gilbert, Hélène, Ruesche, Julien, Muller, Nelly, Billon, Yvon, Begos, Vincent, and Montagne, Lucile
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HAPTOGLOBINS ,ANIMAL nutrition ,ANIMAL feeds ,BLOOD sampling ,FATTY acids ,PIGLETS - Abstract
Weaning is a stress every piglet has to face. It is a main cause of antibiotic uses due to digestive disorders. In this study, response to weaning was analyzed in pigs from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI) during growth. A total of 132 pigs from each line, housed per line and diet in conventional postweaning units of 12 castrated males and 12 females, were fed either a conventional control (two successive diets) or a complex (three successive diets) dietary sequence during the postweaning period (4 to 10 wk of age). BWs were recorded at weaning (days 0 and 28 of age), days 1, 2, 6, 12, 19, 26, and 42 (10 wk of age), and at 23 wk of age. Feces texture was examined before weaning (day −1), at day 1, 2, 6, 12, and 19. Feed intake was recorded at pen level from days 0 to 42 after weaning, and individually thereafter. Plasma was collected after blood samplings at days −1, 6, 19, and 42 on half of the piglets: all piglets of a given sex in each pen were sampled, to achieve a balanced number across factors. Pigs of the low RFI (LRFI) line were heavier at weaning, had greater glucose concentration, and lower levels of diarrhea at days 1 and 2 than pigs from the high RFI (HRFI) line (P < 0.01). At day 42, there was no BW difference between lines, and G:F ratio did not differ between lines (P = 0.40). The LRFI pigs had lower feed intake and growth rate from day 0 to day 19 (P < 0.005), and greater plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acid (P < 0.001), indicating an increased mobilization of body lipids and proteins immediately after weaning compared with HRFI pigs. They also had greater levels of diarrhea at day 6 (22% for LRFI vs. 14% for HRFI, P = 0.002), but the concentration of plasma haptoglobin did not indicate acute inflammation. The complex diet sequence improved feed intake and growth, and reduced diarrhea, mainly in the LRFI line (P < 0.001). To conclude, pigs from the LRFI line were more negatively affected by weaning stress, but managed to recover afterwards. The complex diet sequence ameliorated some of the negative effects that weaning had on the LRFI pigs, but limited effects of nursery period feeding sequence on growth performance were observed during the growing-finishing period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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11. Gut microbiota composition in swine: genetic parameters and links with immunity traits
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Estelle Fabrellas, Jordi, Mach Casellas, Nuria, RAMAYO CALDAS, Yuliaxis, Levenez, Florence, Lemonnier, Gaetan, Denis, Catherine, Dore, Joel, Billon, Yvon, Mercat, Marie-José, Larzul, Catherine, Lepage, Patricia, Gaillard, Claire, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pôle génétique, Institut du Porc (IFIP), UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut du Porc, and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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pig ,microbiote ,gut microbiota ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,immunity ,genetic parameters ,porcin ,paramètre génétique ,immunité - Abstract
absent
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- 2014
12. Time course study of the response to LPS targeting the pig immune gene networks.
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Terenina, Elena, Sautron, Valérie, Ydier, Caroline, Bazovkina, Darya, Sevin-Pujol, Amélie, Gress, Laure, Lippi, Yannick, Naylies, Claire, Billon, Yvon, Liaubet, Laurence, Mormede, Pierre, and Villa-Vialaneix, Nathalie
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HYDROCORTISONE ,HYPOTHALAMIC-pituitary-adrenal axis ,LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES ,LEUCOCYTES ,ROBUST control - Abstract
Background: Stress is a generic term used to describe non-specific responses of the body to all kinds of challenges. A very large variability in the response can be observed across individuals, depending on numerous conditioning factors like genetics, early influences and life history. As a result, there is a wide range of individual vulnerability and resilience to stress, also called robustness. The importance of robustness-related traits in breeding strategies is increasing progressively towards the production of animals with a high level of production under a wide range of climatic conditions and management systems, together with a lower environmental impact and a high level of animal welfare. The present study aims at describing blood transcriptomic, hormonal, and metabolic responses of pigs to a systemic challenge using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The objective is to analyze the individual variation of the biological responses in relation to the activity of the HPA axis measured by the levels of plasma cortisol after LPS and ACTH in 120 juvenile Large White (LW) pigs. The kinetics of the response was measured with biological variables and whole blood gene expression at 4 time points. A multilevel statistical analysis was used to take into account the longitudinal aspect of the data. Results: Cortisol level reaches its peak 4 h after LPS injection. The characteristic changes of white blood cell count to LPS were observed, with a decrease of total count, maximal at t = +4 h, and the mirror changes in the respective proportions of lymphocytes and granulocytes. The lymphocytes / granulocytes ratio was maximal at t = +1 h. An integrative statistical approach was used and provided a set of candidate genes for kinetic studies and ongoing complementary studies focused on the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the specific biomarkers indicative of an inflammation in swine. Furthermore, these stress responses persist for prolonged periods of time and at significant expression levels, making them good candidate markers for evaluating the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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13. Correlated responses in sow appetite, residual feed intake, body composition, and reproduction after divergent selection for residual feed intake in the growing pig
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Gilbert, Hélène, Bidanel, Jean Pierre, Billon, Yvon, Lagant, Herve, Guillouet, Philippe, Sellier, Pierre, NOBLET, Jean, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Expérimentale en Productions Animales (GEPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Insémination Caprine et Porcine (ICP), Systèmes d'élevage, nutrition animale et humaine (SENAH), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AGBU, University of New England (UNE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Gilbert, Hélène
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pig ,sus scrofa ,residual feed intake ,animal diseases ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,lactating sow ,Science des productions animales ,correlated response to selection ,sow residual feed intake ,Animal production studies ,porc - Abstract
Chantier qualité GA; Residual feed intake (RFI) has been explored as an alternative selection criterion to feed conversion ratio to capture the fraction of feed intake not explained by expected production and maintenance requirements. Selection experiments have found that low RFI in the growing pig is genetically correlated with reduced fatness and feed intake. Selection for feed conversion ratio also reduces sow appetite and fatness, which, together with increased prolificacy, has been seen as a hindrance for sow lifetime performance. The aims of our study were to derive equations for sow RFI during lactation (SRFI) and to evaluate the effect of selection for RFI during growth on sow traits during lactation. Data were obtained on 2 divergent lines selected for 7 generations for low and high RFI during growth in purebred Large Whites. The RFI was measured on candidates for selection (1,065 pigs), and sow performance data were available for 480 sows having from 1 to 3 parities (1,071 parities). Traits measured were sow daily feed intake (SDFI); sow BW and body composition before farrowing and at weaning (28.4 +/- 1.7d); number of piglets born total, born alive, and surviving at weaning; and litter weight, average piglet BW, and within-litter SD of piglet BW at birth, 21 d of age (when creep feeding was available), and weaning. Sow RFI was defined as the difference between observed SDFI and SDFI predicted for sow maintenance and production. Daily production requirements were quantified by litter size and daily litter BW gain as well as daily changes in sow body reserves. The SRFI represented 24% of the phenotypic variability of SDFI. Heritability estimates for RFI and SRFI were both 0.14. The genetic correlation between RFI and SRFI was 0.29 +/- 0.23. Genetic correlations of RFI with sow traits were low to moderate, consistent with responses to selection; selection for low RFI during growth reduced SDFI and increased number of piglets and litter growth, but also increased mobilization of body reserves. No effect on rebreeding performance was found. Metabolic changes previously observed during growth in response to selection might explain part of the better efficiency of the low-RFI sows, decreasing basal metabolism and favoring rapid allocation of resources to lactation. We propose to consider SRFI as an alternative to SDFI to select for efficient sows with reduced input demands during lactation.
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- 2012
14. Microsatellite mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting female reproductive tract characteristics in Meishan x Large White F2 pigs
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Rosendo, Adalberto, Iannuccelli, Nathalie, Gilbert, Hélène, Riquet, Juliette, Billon, Yvon, AMIGUES, YVES, Milan, Denis, Bidanel, Jean Pierre, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Expérimentale en Productions Animales (GEPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Analyse Génétique pour les Espèces Animales (LABOGENA), The experimental program was funded by the European Union (Bridge and Biotech+ programs), INRA (Department of Animal Genetics and AIP 'Structure des génomes animaux'), and the 'Groupement de recherches et études sur les génomes'., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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pig ,gene mapping ,quantitative trait loci ,reproductive tract ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,Science des productions animales ,Animal production studies - Abstract
Chantier qualité GA; A QTL analysis of female reproductive data from a 3-generation experimental cross between Meishan and Large White pig breeds is presented. Six F1 boars and 23 F1 sows, progeny of 6 Large White boars and 6 Meishan sows, produced 502 F2 gilts whose reproductive tract was collected after slaughter at 30 d of gestation. Five traits [i.e., the total weight of the reproductive tract, of the empty uterine horns, of the ovaries (WOV), and of the embryos], as well as the length of uterine horns (LUH), were measured and analyzed with and without adjustment for litter size. Animals were genotyped for a total of 137 markers covering the entire porcine genome. Analyses were carried out based on interval mapping methods, using a line-cross regression and a half-full sib maximum likelihood test. A total of 18 genome-wide significant (P < 0.05) QTL were detected on 9 different chromosomes (i.e., SSC 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 18, and X). Five genome-wide significant QTL were detected for LUH, 4 for weight of the empty uterine horns and WOV, 2 for total weight of the reproductive tract, and 1 for weight of the embryos. Twenty-two additional suggestive QTL were also detected. The largest effects were obtained for LUH and WOV on SSC13 (9.2 and 7.0% of trait phenotypic variance, respectively). Meishan alleles had both positive (e.g., on SSC7) and negative effects (e.g., on SSC13) on the traits investigated. Moreover, the QTL were generally not fixed in founder breeds, and opposite effects were in some cases obtained in different families. Although reproductive tract characteristics had only a moderate correlation with reproductive performances, most of the major QTL detected in this study were previously reported as affecting female reproduction, generally with reduced significance levels. This study thus shows that focusing on traits with high heritability might help to detect loci involved in low heritability major traits for breeding.
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- 2012
15. Microsatellite mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting meat quality, stress hormones and production traits in Duroc3Large White F2 pigs
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Sanchez, Marie Pierre, Iannuccelli, Nathalie, Basso, Benjamin, Foury, Aline, Billon, Yvon, Gandemer, Gilles, Gilbert, Hélène, Mormède, Pierre, Bidanel, Jean Pierre, Larzul, Catherine, Riquet, Juliette, Milan, Denis, Le Roy, Pascale, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Psychoneuroimmunologie, Nutrition et Génétique (PsyNuGen), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Génétique Expérimentale en Productions Animales (GEPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Services généraux de centre, Génétique Animale (GARen), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-IFR140, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Services déconcentrés d'appui à la recherche Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Bordeaux (SDAR Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Bordeaux), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes, and IFR140-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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pig ,qtl ,meat quality ,production ,stress hormone ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,food and beverages ,Science des productions animales ,Animal production studies - Abstract
An F2 cross between Duroc and Large White pigs was carried out in order to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 11 meat quality traits (L*, a* and b* Minolta coordinates and water-holding capacity (WHC) of two ham muscles, ultimate pH of two ham and one loin muscles), 13 production traits (birth weight, average daily gain during post-weaning and fattening periods, carcass fat depths at three locations, estimated lean meat content, carcass length and weights of five carcass cuts) and three stress hormone-level traits (cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline). Animals from the three generations of the experimental design (including 456 F2 pigs) were genotyped for 91 microsatellite markers covering all the autosomes. A total of 56 QTL were detected: 49 reached the chromosome-wide level (suggestive QTL with a maximal probability of 0.05) and seven were significant at the genome-wide level (with a probability varying from 631024 to 331023). Twenty suggestive QTL were identified for ultimate pH, colour measurements and WHC on chromosome (SSC) 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 17. For production traits, 33 QTL were detected on all autosomes except SSC6, 8 and 9. Seven of these QTL, located on SSC2, 3, 10, 13, 16 and 17, exceeded the genome-wide significance threshold. Finally, three QTL were identified for levels of stress hormones: a QTL for cortisol level on SSC7 in the cortisol-binding globulin gene region, a QTL for adrenaline level on SSC10 and a QTL for noradrenaline level on SSC13. Among all the detected QTL, seven are described for the first time: a QTL for ultimate pH measurement on SSC5, two QTL affecting birth weight on SSC2 and 10, two QTL for growth rate on SSC15 (during fattening) and 17 (during post-weaning) and two QTL affecting the adrenaline and noradrenaline levels. For each QTL, only one to five of the six F1 sires were found to be heterozygous. It means that all QTL are segregating in at least one of the founder populations used in this study. These results suggest that both meat quality and production traits can be improved in purebred Duroc and Large White pigs through markerassisted selection. It is of particular interest for meat quality traits, which are difficult to include in classical selection programmes.
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- 2011
16. Comparing the intestinal transcriptome of Meishan and Large White piglets during late fetal development reveals genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity as valuable clues of intestinal maturity.
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Ying Yao, Voillet, Valentin, Jegou, Maeva, SanCristobal, Magali, Samir Dou, Romé, Véronique, Lippi, Yannick, Billon, Yvon, Père, Marie-Christine, Boudry, Gaëlle, Gress, Laure, Iannucelli, Nathalie, Mormède, Pierre, Quesnel, Hélène, Canario, Laurianne, Liaubet, Laurence, and Huërou-Luron, Isabelle Le
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FETAL development ,MOLECULAR genetics ,GENOMES ,GLYCOGENOLYSIS ,IMMUNOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Maturity of intestinal functions is critical for neonatal health and survival, but comprehensive description of mechanisms underlying intestinal maturation that occur during late gestation still remain poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate biological processes specifically involved in intestinal maturation by comparing fetal jejunal transcriptomes of two representative porcine breeds (Large White, LW; Meishan, MS) with contrasting neonatal vitality and maturity, at two key time points during late gestation (gestational days 90 and 110). MS and LW sows inseminated with mixed semen (from breed LW and MS) gave birth to both purebred and crossbred fetuses. We hypothesized that part of the differences in neonatal maturity between the two breeds results from distinct developmental profiles of the fetal intestine during late gestation. Reciprocal crossed fetuses were used to analyze the effect of parental genome. Transcriptomic data and 23 phenotypic variables known to be associated with maturity trait were integrated using multivariate analysis with expectation of identifying relevant genes-phenotypic variable relationships involved in intestinal maturation. Results: A moderate maternal genotype effect, but no paternal genotype effect, was observed on offspring intestinal maturation. Four hundred and four differentially expressed probes, corresponding to 274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), more specifically involved in the maturation process were further studied. In day 110-MS fetuses, Ingenuity® functional enrichment analysis revealed that 46% of DEGs were involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, vasculogenesis and hormone synthesis compared to day 90-MS fetuses. Expression of genes involved in immune pathways including phagocytosis, inflammation and defense processes was changed in day 110-LW compared to day 90-LW fetuses (corresponding to 13% of DEGs). The transcriptional regulator PPARGC1A was predicted to be an important regulator of differentially expressed genes in MS. Fetal blood fructose level, intestinal lactase activity and villous height were the best predicted phenotypic variables with probes mostly involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and cellular movement biological pathways.Conclusions: Collectively, our findings indicate that the neonatal maturity of pig intestine may rely on functional development of glucose and lipid metabolisms, immune phagocyte differentiation and inflammatory pathways. This process may partially be governed by PPARGC1A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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17. Time course of the response to ACTH in pig: biological and transcriptomic study.
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Sautron, Valérie, Terenina, Elena, Gress, Laure, Lippi, Yannick, Billon, Yvon, Larzul, Catherine, Liaubet, Laurence, Villa-Vialaneix, Nathalie, and Mormède, Pierre
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ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC hormone ,HYDROCORTISONE ,LABORATORY swine ,GENE expression ,LYMPHOCYTES ,MONOCYTES ,GLUCOCORTICOIDS ,TRANSCRIPTION factors - Abstract
Background: HPA axis plays a major role in physiological homeostasis. It is also involved in stress and adaptive response to the environment. In farm animals in general and specifically in pigs, breeding strategies have highly favored production traits such as lean growth rate, feed efficiency and prolificacy at the cost of robustness. On the hypothesis that the HPA axis could contribute to the trade-off between robustness and production traits, we have designed this experiment to explore individual variation in the biological response to the main stress hormone, cortisol, in pigs. We used ACTH injections to trigger production of cortisol in 120 juvenile Large White (LW) pigs from 28 litters and the kinetics of the response was measured with biological variables and whole blood gene expression at 4 time points. A multilevel statistical analysis was used to take into account the longitudinal aspect of the data. Results: Cortisol level reached its peak 1 h after ACTH injection. White blood cell composition was modified with a decrease of lymphocytes and monocytes and an increase of granulocytes (FDR < 0.05). Basal level of cortisol was correlated with birth and weaning weights. Microarray analysis identified 65 unique genes of which expression responded to the injection of ACTH (adjusted P < 0.05). These genes were classified into 4 clusters with distinctive kinetics in response to ACTH injection. The first cluster identified genes strongly correlated to cortisol and previously reported as being regulated by glucocorticoids. In particular, DDIT4, DUSP1, FKBP5, IL7R, NFKBIA, PER1, RGS2 and RHOB were shown to be connected to each other by the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1. Most of the differentially expressed genes that encode transcription factors have not been described yet as being important in transcription networks involved in stress response. Their co-expression may mean co-regulation and they could thus provide new patterns of biomarkers of the individual sensitivity to cortisol. Conclusions: We identified 65 genes as biological markers of HPA axis activation at the gene expression level. These genes might be candidates for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the stress response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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18. Muscle transcriptomic investigation of late fetal development identifies candidate genes for piglet maturity
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Voillet, Valentin, SanCristobal, Magali, Lippi, Yannick, Martin, Pascal G. P., Iannuccelli, Nathalie, Lascor, Christine, Vignoles, Florence, Billon, Yvon, Canario, Laurianne, and Liaubet, Laurence
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Background: In pigs, the perinatal period is the most critical time for survival. Piglet maturation, which occurs at the end of gestation, leads to a state of full development after birth. Therefore, maturity is an important determinant of early survival. Skeletal muscle plays a key role in adaptation to extra-uterine life, e.g. glycogen storage and thermoregulation. In this study, we performed microarray analysis to identify the genes and biological processes involved in piglet muscle maturity. Progeny from two breeds with extreme muscle maturity phenotypes were analyzed at two time points during gestation (gestational days 90 and 110). The Large White (LW) breed is a selected breed with an increased rate of mortality at birth, whereas the Meishan (MS) breed produces piglets with extremely low mortality at birth. The impact of the parental genome was analyzed with reciprocal crossed fetuses. Results: Microarray analysis identified 12,326 differentially expressed probes for gestational age and genotype. Such a high number reflects an important transcriptomic change that occurs between 90 and 110 days of gestation. 2,000 probes, corresponding to 1,120 unique annotated genes, involved more particularly in the maturation process were further studied. Functional enrichment and graph inference studies underlined genes involved in muscular development around 90 days of gestation, and genes involved in metabolic functions, such as gluconeogenesis, around 110 days of gestation. Moreover, a difference in the expression of key genes, e.g. PCK2, LDHA or PGK1, was detected between MS and LW just before birth. Reciprocal crossing analysis resulted in the identification of 472 genes with an expression preferentially regulated by one parental genome. Most of these genes (366) were regulated by the paternal genome. Among these paternally regulated genes, some known imprinted genes, such as MAGEL2 or IGF2, were identified and could have a key role in the maturation process. Conclusion: These results reveal the biological mechanisms that regulate muscle maturity in piglets. Maturity is also under the conflicting regulation of the parental genomes. Crucial genes, which could explain the biological differences in maturity observed between LW and MS breeds, were identified. These genes could be excellent candidates for a key role in the maturity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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19. Discovery of Predictors of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccine Response Efficiency in Pigs: 16S rRNA Gene Fecal Microbiota Analysis.
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Munyaka, Peris M., Blanc, Fany, Estellé, Jordi, Lemonnier, Gaëtan, Leplat, Jean-Jacques, Rossignol, Marie-Noëlle, Jardet, Déborah, Plastow, Graham, Billon, Yvon, Willing, Benjamin P., and Rogel-Gaillard, Claire
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VACCINE effectiveness ,MYCOPLASMA hyopneumoniae ,FECAL analysis ,MICROBIAL metabolites ,SWINE ,RIBOSOMAL RNA - Abstract
The gut microbiota comprises a large and diverse community of bacteria that play a significant role in swine health. Indeed, there is a tight association between the enteric immune system and the overall composition and richness of the microbiota, which is key in the induction, training and function of the host immunity, and may therefore, influence the immune response to vaccination. Using vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) as a model, we investigated the potential of early-life gut microbiota in predicting vaccine response and explored the post-vaccination dynamics of fecal microbiota at later time points. At 28 days of age (0 days post-vaccination; dpv), healthy piglets were vaccinated, and a booster vaccine was administered at 21 dpv. Blood samples were collected at 0, 21, 28, 35, and 118 dpv to measure M. hyo-specific IgG levels. Fecal samples for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were collected at 0, 21, 35, and 118 dpv. The results showed variability in antibody response among individual pigs, whilst pre-vaccination operational taxonomic units (OTUs) primarily belonging to Prevotella, [Prevotella], Anaerovibrio, and Sutterella appeared to best-predict vaccine response. Microbiota composition did not differ between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs at post-vaccination time points, but the time effect was significant irrespective of the animals' vaccination status. Our study provides insight into the role of pre-vaccination gut microbiota composition in vaccine response and emphasizes the importance of studies on full metagenomes and microbial metabolites aimed at deciphering the role of specific bacteria and bacterial genes in the modulation of vaccine response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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20. Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 Expression in Endometrium and Placental Tissues of Hyperprolific Large White and Meishan Gilts1
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Hernandez, Silvia C., Hogg, Charis O., Billon, Yvon, Sanchez, Marie-Pierre, Bidanel, Jean-Pierre, Haley, Christopher S., Archibald, Alan L., and Ashworth, Cheryl J.
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- 2013
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21. Effect of chronic and acute heat challenges on fecal microbiota composition, production, and thermoregulation traits in growing pigs,.
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Sciellour, Mathilde Le, Zemb, Olivier, Hochu, Isabelle, Riquet, Juliette, Gilbert, Hélène, Giorgi, Mario, Billon, Yvon, Gourdine, Jean-Luc, and Renaudeau, David
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SWINE , *BODY temperature regulation , *HEAT , *SKIN temperature , *DISCRIMINANT analysis , *MICROBIAL diversity , *BODY temperature - Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the impact of heat challenges on gut microbiota composition in growing pigs and its relationship with pigs' performance and thermoregulation responses. From a total of 10 F1 sire families, 558 and 564 backcross Large White × Créole pigs were raised and phenotyped from 11 to 23 wk of age in temperate (TEMP) and in tropical (TROP) climates, respectively. In TEMP, all pigs were subjected to an acute heat challenge (3 wk at 29 °C) from 23 to 26 wk of age. Feces samples were collected at 23 wk of age both in TEMP and TROP climate (TEMP23 and TROP23 samples, respectively) and at 26 wk of age in TEMP climate (TEMP26 samples) for 16S rRNA analyses of fecal microbiota composition. The fecal microbiota composition significantly differed between the 3 environments. Using a generalized linear model on microbiota composition, 182 operational taxonomic units (OTU) and 2 pathways were differentially abundant between TEMP23 and TEMP26, and 1,296 OTU and 20 pathways between TEMP23 and TROP23. Using fecal samples collected at 23 wk of age, pigs raised under the 2 climates were discriminated with 36 OTU using a sparse partial least square discriminant analysis that had a mean classification error-rate of 1.7%. In contrast, pigs in TEMP before the acute heat challenge could be discriminated from the pigs in TEMP after the heat challenge with 32 OTU and 9.3% error rate. The microbiota can be used as biomarker of heat stress exposition. Microbiota composition revealed that pigs were separated into 2 enterotypes. The enterotypes were represented in both climates. Whatever the climate, animals belonging to the Turicibacter – Sarcina – Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype were 3.3 kg heavier (P < 0.05) at 11 wk of age than those belonging to the Lactobacillus -dominated enterotype. This latter enterotype was related to a 0.3 °C lower skin temperature (P < 0.05) at 23 wk of age. Following the acute heat challenge in TEMP, this enterotype had a less-stable rectal temperature (0.34 vs. 0.25 °C variation between weeks 23 and 24, P < 0.05) without affecting growth performance (P > 0.05). Instability of the enterotypes was observed in 34% of the pigs, switching from an enterotype to another between 23 and 26 wk of age after heat stress. Despite a lower microbial diversity, the Turicibacter – Sarcina – Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype was better adapted to heat stress conditions with lower thermoregulation variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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