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The main goal of our research was to establish the extent to which recordings on magnetic tapes and optical discs were incorporated into library materials offered by public libraries, which are located in the area of the municipal community of Ljubljana.Using the statistical summary books, issued by public libraries, we gathered and analysed the accretion, stocks and borrowing figures of monographic publications,audio cassettes, compact discs, video cassettes and CD-ROMs. The findings show that monographic publications are still the fundamental material of public libraries. Among audio-visual media, video cassettes represent the most extensive collection, followed in number by compact discs, audio cassettes and finally CD-ROMs. The results of the analysis of borrowed library material are totally consistent with the above stated order.Quantitative measuring has also shown that the stocks of audio-visual materials do not reach the international standards for public libraries.

Objective – To apply the principles of evidence‐based librarianship to the decisionmaking process regarding the cancellation of print serials.Design – Quantitative analysis of local and national data from various sources.Subjects – Data sources included 1249 current unbound print journals, 3465 Medline‐indexed electronic journals, statistics from the Association of Research Libraries and American Association of Health Sciences Libraries, as well as traditional library statistics.Setting – The study was conducted in the Yale University’s Cushing/Whitney Medical Library located in New Haven, Connecticut U.S.A.Methods – Several sources were targeted for data. A three‐month periodical usage study of the current issues of the library’s 1249 actively received print titles was undertaken. Excel‐generated alphabetical listings of titles were used by shelvers to indicate, with a check mark, which issues were shelved during a specified week. The workflow was adjusted to ensure only items under study were counted. Signs asking patrons not to re‐shelve journal issues were posted. Usage data were collected weekly and entered into an Excel spreadsheet where the total use of the journals was tracked. In‐house circulation, photocopy, and gate count statistics were also used. In addition to the survey, SFX statistics for the library’s electronic journals indexed in MEDLINE(3465) were gathered during the same 3 month period covered by the print usage survey. MEDLINE was chosen as the delineating factor to ensure consistent subject coverage with the print journal collection. For perspective and trends, statistics from the Association of Research Libraries and the American Association of Health Sciences Libraries were considered.Main Results – Based on the study’s findings, 53% of the print collection (657 titles) received no use during the study period; 7.1 % (89 titles) were used more than once per month; and 1.28% were used one or more times per week. Further, only 10% (125 titles) of the collection represented 60.7% of the total print collection use. There was also a direct correlation between the drop in patrons coming to the library and the decrease in print periodical use. SFX statistics revealed that of the 3465 MEDLINE indexed titles 14.8% (513 titles) were not accessed at all and 10% of the journals represented 56.8% of all SFX usage. These results were consistent with statistics from the Association of Research Libraries and the American Association of Health Sciences Libraries.Conclusion – Titles that were used the most in print were also used the most electronically. Further, the study revealed that print journals are used only a fraction as often as their electronic counterparts.Indeed, in both the case of print and electronic journals the largest use came from a small number of subscribed titles. Print collection maintenance is more labour intensive and costly than electronic. Consequently, resources spent supporting 53% of the print collection that is not used seriously impacts efficiency. With constraints on acquisitions budgets, funding unused collections does not make sense. Examination of the print serial collection is only part of ensuring effective collections.A s this study has indicated, unused electronic titles are also a drain on resources and further analysis of electronic packages is warranted.

Background: With the mandate to review all available literature in the study’s inclusion parameters, systematic review projects are likely to require full-text access to a significant number of articles that are not available in a library’s collection, thereby necessitating ordering content via interlibrary loan (ILL). The aim of this study is to understand what effect a systematic review service has on the copyright royalty fees accompanying ILL requests at an academic health sciences library.Case Presentation: The library created a custom report using ILLiad data to look specifically at 2018 ILL borrowing requests that were known to be part of systematic reviews. This subset of borrowing activity was then analyzed to determine its impact on the library’s copyright royalty expenditures for the year. In 2018, copyright eligible borrowing requests that were known to be part of systematic reviews represented only approximately 5% of total filled requests that involved copyright eligible borrowing. However, these systematic review requests directly or indirectly caused approximately 10% of all the Spencer S. Eccles Library copyright royalty expenditures for 2018 requests.Conclusion: Based on the sample data set, the library’s copyright royalty expenditures did increase, but the overall financial impact was modest.

The article presents the functioning of prison libraries with special attention paid to legal aspects and the way of managing libraries, starting from building collections, developing and making them available. The importance of libraries in conducting educational and resocialization activities and implementing educational and resocialization programs is emphasized. The text highlights the need for reading among persons remaining in prison isolation as a form of prevention.

Acquisition and circulation of fiction in academic and university libraries is fully justified and requires no explanation as this kind of literature provides valuable source material for study to researchers and students alike. In contrast, specialist technical, medical agricultural, economic and military libraries have no statutory obligation to collect fiction, even though some of them do make this literature available in their collections. The present article discusses the following: provenance of library fiction book collections in academic specialist libraries, interest in fiction shown by their library patrons, methods for circulating fiction and acquisition of new titles and sources of funding.

In the article is discribed the first experience of preparing the album directory signs European bibliophiles books kept in the fund Scientific Library of Odessa National University named after I. I. Mechnikov. The scheme of description of bookmarks, developed according to the experience of predecessors, is outlined. The data on bibliophiles and the quantitative composition (statistics) of their bookmarks are given. The main problems with which the researcher of book marks encounters is considered. The album-catalog «Book Marks European bibliophiles collections in the University Library» was published to the 200th anniversary of the Scientific Library of Odessa National University named after I. I. Mechnikov. The book contains information about several dozen well-known and little-known bibliophiles and their book marks. First introduced images and descriptions 137 book marks 77 bibliophiles, books are available in the collections of the University Library. Among them, book marks crowned persons, public figures and politicians, representatives of the scientific elite (mathematicians, astronomers and physicists, slavist, historians and lawyers) and others. The main problem encountered by a book mark researcher is the limited access to many electronic databases that facilitate the identification and study of bookmarks. Studying copies of a university library with proprietary features remains relevant in the future. Research Book Marks involves identifying housing proveniyentsiy, careful reading marґinaliy and their attribution, introducing scientific use sources that reveal the history of the formation and movement of parts bibliophilic collection, systematization of data and in the future – the creation and constant updating electronic database of book collections, dispersed in funds.

Background of Study: The rapid development of science and information makes it easy for everyone to access everything that exists. The library is one of the supporting factors in the existing civilization, which is a filter of information to be announced. Purpose: This research was conducted at the Sari Mutiara University Library Indonesia with the aim to find out how the Student Perception of the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences on circulation services. Method: The method used in this study is descriptive method with the population of this study are members of the library from 2015 to 2018, amounting to 157 people and the sample taken as many as 113 people based on Slovin formula. Finding: The results showed that the perceptions of students of the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences on circulation services in the library of Sari Mutiara Indonesia University were good (75.2%), but still needed improvement in the provision of up-to-date collections, book lending provisions, suitability of collections with library needs, loan period, time available and number of books that can be borrowed. Conclution: To realize the best service for students, the Sari Mutiara Indonesia University Library is recommended to further improve the quality and quantity of both officers and collections as well as to add supporting facilities for library services so as to attract the interest of visitors to come to visit the library

Gifts and donations form an integral part of an academic library’s existence, whether monetary or physical items. While monetary gifts are greatly valued, gift-in-kind donations of physical items can also contribute rare or unique items to collections. However, gift-in-kind donations also bring many challenges, as processing and evaluating physical materials can be time-consuming and labour-intensive; moreover, these materials may occupy significant amounts of space and ultimately may or may not add value to the library collection. Providing clear, publicly available gift and donation information can mitigate some of these challenges and help to set expectations for donors by giving a clear overview of the evaluation process and letting them know which types of material are of interest. The author reviewed donation-related webpages of twenty-one Canadian academic libraries to determine commonalities regarding library donation webpages. This analysis can provide practical assistance to librarians who are creating or revising gift-in-kind policies and procedures in Canadian academic libraries. Les dons monétaires ou matériels font partie intégrante de l'existence d'une bibliothèque universitaire. Bien que les dons monétaires soient très appréciés, les dons matériels peuvent aussi contribuer à des collections d'articles rares ou uniques. Toutefois, les dons en nature posent également de nombreux défis, car le traitement et l'évaluation des documents physiques peuvent prendre beaucoup de temps et exiger beaucoup de travail; en outre, ces documents peuvent prendre beaucoup d'espace et, en bout de ligne, ils peuvent ou non ajouter de la valeur à la collection de la bibliothèque. Il importe alors de fournir au public des informations claires sur les dons afin de palier certains de ces défis et d'établir des attentes pour les donateurs en leur présentant un survol clair du processus d'évaluation et en leur laissant savoir quels types de matériel sont d'intérêt. L'auteure a recensé les pages Web consacrées aux dons de vingt-et-une bibliothèques universitaires canadiennes afin d'y déceler les points communs. Cette analyse peut fournir une aide pratique aux bibliothécaires qui créent ou qui révisent des politiques et des procédures pour les dons en nature dans les bibliothèques universitaires canadiennes.

Die Transformation der Bibliotheksangebote schreitet immer weiter voran. In vielen Bibliotheken wird der sichtbare Buchbestand mehr und mehr von Arbeitsplätzen und Gruppenräumen verdrängt, Bibliotheken unterliegen zunehmend Neudefinitionen unter dem Label von Lern- und Begegnungsorten. Daneben nimmt die Bedeutung von elektronischen Medienangeboten und webbasierten Dienstleistungen laufend zu. Gleichzeitig ist das umfangreiche elektronische Angebot, welches Bibliotheken teuer lizensieren oder kaufen, oft nicht in aller Breite und zielgruppenbezogen bekannt und erfährt keine adäquate Nutzung. Mit dem Projekt cUBe wurde in der im Frühsommer 2016 nach umfangreicher Sanierung neu eröffneten Bibliothek Münstergasse der Universitätsbibliothek Bern der Versuch unternommen, die reichhaltigen digitalen Nachweise und Bestände für das Bibliothekspublikum sichtbarer, besser zugänglich und damit bekannter zu machen. Dabei wurde auf Basis der neuen Technologien des physischen Webs die standortbasierte Verbindung von OnlineInformationen (Katalog, E-Medien, sonstige digitale Angebote) mit den entsprechenden Räumen der Bibliothek und den vor Ort noch verfügbaren Beständen realisiert. The transformation of library services is constantly proceeding. In many libraries, print collections are replaced by space designated to learning. Increasingly, our libraries are defined by labels like learning or meeting space. In addition, the importance of electronic collections and web-based services is constantly growing. However, this extensive and expensive electronic material licenced or bought by libraries is often neither known in detail and to all target groups nor used appropriately. The project cUBe was launched in late spring 2016 after an extensive renovation of the newly opened Münstergasse Library. cUBe aims at improving visibility, access and publicity of the library’s comprehensive digital references and collections for its users. On the basis of physical web technologies, a location-based connection was implemented between online information (catalogue, electronic media, other digital material and services) and the corresponding locally available collections and library areas., o-bib. Das offene Bibliotheksjournal / Herausgeber VDB, Bd. 4 Nr. 4 (2017)

Building up new collections for digital libraries is a demanding task. Available data sets have to be extracted which is usually done with the help of software developers as it involves custom data handlers or conversion scripts. In cases where the desired data is only available on the data provider's website custom web scrapers are needed. This may be the case for small to medium-size publishers, research institutes or funding agencies. As data curation is a typical task that is done by people with a library and information science background, these people are usually proficient with XML technologies but are not full-stack programmers. Therefore we would like to present a web scraping tool that does not demand the digital library curators to program custom web scrapers from scratch. We present the open-source tool OXPath, an extension of XPath, that allows the user to define data to be extracted from websites in a declarative way. By taking one of our own use cases as an example, we guide you in more detail through the process of creating an OXPath wrapper for metadata harvesting. We also point out some practical things to consider when creating a web scraper (with OXPath). On top of that, we also present a syntax highlighting plugin for the popular text editor Atom that we developed to further support OXPath users and to simplify the authoring process.

The paper provides a survey of the scientific literature on cultural economy and applications of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in cultural sector with particular emphasis on the implementation of virtual exhibitions on mobile devices. The selected literature is presented for the period 1938-2015. A total of 100 articles, conference papers and books are enlisted according to the selected application area. The paper objective is to provide a bibliography as a resource for those that are interested in the field.Keywords: Bibliography, Mobile Technologies, Virtual Exhibitions, Cultural Heritage1 IntroductionIn the last years, the evolution of internet and information and communication technologies was very dynamic and had a significant impact on all human activity fields. The internet changed the way in which people are communicating and the manner in which they are working. Now, it is possible to work on a worldwide project from home or from an office located anywhere around the world.The rapid development and growth of mobile technologies and applications and the hardware evolutions have made possible to access personal and professional resources anytime and from anywhere.In [74] is presented that the evolution of new solutions in the field of information and communication technologies gives new opportunities to promote and valorize the cultural heritage elements. The potential offered by mobile technologies and the increased number of mobile devices that can process multimedia content, both offline and online, facilitates the feasibility of creating online virtual exhibitions.These changes regarding the technology evolution and their impact on human life have implications in all fields of activities, including the cultural field.The museums and libraries are forced to digitize their collections in order to make them available online, on their own websites, on different portals that aggregate them, like Europeana (http://www.europeana.eu), or to publish them in virtual exhibitions.The advantages of turning physical objects into digital ones are obvious: it prevents them from destruction and provides publication opportunities that not existed before.Museums and libraries are confronted with a situation that they never face before. They must be competitive on the information market, in order to survive and attract many visitors that will bring them revenues.In order to attract visitors, cultural institutions are creating exhibitions with special occasions. In order to make these exhibitions accessible by a great number of visitors, they must be transformed in virtual exhibitions and must be published online. The good news is there are available on the market advanced ICT platforms to create virtual exhibitions. A representative example is MOVIO already utilized in ATHENA Plus project [85] [86].Generally, the concept of virtual exhibition is defined as an online dynamic web-based and hyper-textual collection, which is dedicated to a specific theme or topic, concept or idea. Many virtual exhibitions are attributed to museums or libraries, in order to make visible their collections to the visitors [52].Coming back to the context of rapid growth of mobile technologies, in order to increase the visibility of virtual exhibitions, they must be implemented as native mobile applications, available for main mobile operating systems, such as Android, iOS, Windows Phone, or such as web applications that have responsive interface, which adapts on different screen sizes and resolutions.The paper is intended to highlight several of the main works published in the field of usage of ITC in the cultural domain with particular emphasis on virtual exhibitions, cultural heritage and mobile technologies, in order to establish the current state of researches in the field of implementation of virtual exhibitions on mobile devices.Some very good examples of a similar bibliography are presented at the following addresses:. …

The subject of this article is to analyze the national bibliography as a means for promoting the documentary heritage and providing access to it. It discusses various forms of the national bibliography as well as their potential for preserving the memory and ensuring access to documentary resources and their promotion. The article serves the purpose, by drawing on the analysis of foreign publications, of substantiating the idea that the national bibliography as a structured registry of the national publishing output may serve as a reliable means for promot­ing the documentary heritage. The article elaborates on the evolution of the notion and coverage of the national bibliography as well as its presentation to the public. The national bibliography was defined in the 60ies of the 20th century by joint efforts of UNESCO and IFLA. This definition underlined that the national bibliography must cover the nation’s entire published output. The notion of the national bibli­ography underwent some evolution, and in the 21st century the focus shifted towards registering electronic publishing resources alongside with solving the issues of presenting the national bibliography to the public. Previously, the presence of a bibliographic record in the national bibliography signified that the resource was available within the legal de­posit collection of the library, whereas at present the issue of having to register national information resources which do not belong to this collection is gaining persistence. Another significant issue in making the national bibliography a comprehensive reg­istry of the nation’s publishing output is the relation between the national bibliography and legal deposit. Successful and sustainable development of the national bibliography requires cooperative effort in creating and updating publication and factual data and ef­ficient communication with publishers and other suppliers of public information within the chain of legal deposit. This interaction substantiates the existence of the national bibliography as the all-reflecting mirror creating opportunities to cognize the national documentary cultural heritage and ensuring its promotion and access, The register of bibliographic and authority data of published documents helps preserve the cultural and his­torical memory; ensures dissemination of knowledge about historical and cultural events and their interpretation; and gives a panorama of the cultural history, the heritage of the traditional culture, prominent fellow-countrymen and national uniqueness. The analysis of websites of national libraries of various countries which are legal deposit receivers shows that some of them remind the publishers of their obligation to submit legal deposit copies in a laconic manner and some of them provide more information, e.g. types and quantity of legal deposit copies and terms of submission as well as give references to appropri­ate legal acts. Some of these institutions highlight the significance of legal deposit as a means of preserving cultural heritage and ensuring access to it for the general public and researchers. However, there is no clear message addressed to the integral and primary chain of the legal deposit system, the publishers, about their responsibility about the comprehensiveness of legal deposit and the publishers’ benefits from contributing to the preservation and access of the national cultural heritage. The article analyzes the transformation of the national bibliography from a printed list to a presentation of linked data. Digital and information technologies applied in publication pro­cesses and creation of new forms of disseminating data of national bibliographies contribute to promoting the national history and cultural memory. Broad access to national bibliographic data allows the general public creating new services and products. The precise definition of purposes of the national bibliography and its users could facilitate the shaping of the appropriate model of the national bibliography.

In this article the author presents a new form of collections at the Library of the School of Banking in Torun (WSB in Torun). They are closely tailored to the profile of the University and the needs of users. These collections serve both students and staff in conducting research. In 2013 the library WSB implemented a ministerial project addressed at persons with disablilities. Audiobooks, e-book readers and about 180 titles of e-books of economic literature (e-pub and PDF) were purchased from the grants. The library staff created academic e-collections dedicated to students and teaching staff of the college. E-collections are available on 20 Vedia e-book readers. A year later, the library collections increased with 25 Kindle reader, which the library received as a gift from the founder - TEB Academy in Poznan. In practice, the mobile devices are very attractive for the users and significantly enrich the library collections.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é determinar a adequação ou não da coleção de livros das bibliotecas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) para os alunos do curso de doutorado em Administração. A metodologia verifica a correlação existente entre os livros citados nas teses de 1999 até 2007 e o acervo disponível nas bibliotecas. A investigação conclui que a coleção de livros nacionais apresenta-se adequada às demandas informacionais dos usuários estudados, mas a coleção de livros estrangeiros não.The aim of this research is to determine the appropriateness of the books collection in the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul libraries to PhD students in Management and Business. The method finds correlation between books cited in the PhD thesis from 1999 to 2007, and the book collection available in the libraries. The research concludes that the books collection edited in Portuguese language is according to informational demands of the PhD students, but the books collection in others languages are not.

Nowadays, the society still take advantage of library rarely. It is shown by a small number visitors who take advantage of references collection. One of the factors that cause this fact is literacu of society which means and ability to know, to evaluate and to use the needed information effectively. The literacy can be formed by user education program that firstly acquaints the user about the vast of library collection, services and informational material available for them, and secondly teaches how the attain those library banefits so they are able to search information and uis it correctly.

Preservation of national cultural heritage has been during the last years actively discussed both on institutional and state levels. In October 2003 the working group on digital preservation by theMinistry of Culture elaborated preservation guidelines Strategy of digital preservation of Estonian cultural heritage for years 2004–2007. The strategy is based on the principles of eEurope 2002Action Plan (2000) and Lund Principles (2001).The state strategy is aimed to achieve collaboration of different memory institutions in order to elaborate an unified view on cultural heritage and its digitisation as well as to preservation of digitally created cultural heritage. It is also important to guarantee preservation of cultural heritage and to make it accessible to the public use through the contemporary possibilities of informationand communication technologies. Digitisation and preservation of digitized heritage will be coordinated by the state. The main coordinators are the Ministry of Culture, The Ministry of Educationand Science, the State Chancellery and the National Archive.The methodology of decision making for digital preservation is based on the principles of the UNESCO programme Memory of the World. The choice of objects for digitisation is based on need and expediency that can be evaluated on the ground of acultural value of an object, conservation risks, physical condition of an object and necessity of use.In 2004–2005 metadata requirements for digital preservation were elaborated. The guidelines foresee that digitized objects will be described by four categories of metadata: administrative andtechnical metadata, metadata on access inhibitors and restrictions of use and descriptive metadata. Estonian documentary heritage is located today in different memory institutions: in state or public institutions like archives, libraries and museums, in private possession, in religious and scientific institutions and in possession of the third sector (different organisations). For reasons of the historical development considerable part of documentary heritage is also located outside Estonia (Sweden, USA, Canada, Australia, Russia etc).The projects of red books as well as different digitisation projects have been in practice for some years in all Estonian memory institutions. Libraries are pioneers in initiating collaborationprojects in digitisation. Due to the joint efforts of the National Library, the Archive Library of the Estonian Literature Museum and the Tallinn University Academic Library a big collection of old Estonian newspapers is available by internet. The project is titled DEA (Digitized Estonian Newspapers). The aim of the project Red Book of Estonian publications, 1535–1850 was to create a theoretical basis for elaborating criteria that would enable decision making and determination preservation priorities of the Estonian book heritage. At the moment there is not much collaboration between different types of memory institutions. The joint projects like DEA and Red Bookof Estonian Publications give hope that together difficult problems of preservation can be better solved and users will get better access to Estonian cultural heritage.

Objective – To determine whether and how Danish university and higher education students use public libraries for studypurposes.Design – Online survey.Setting – Post‐secondary programs in Denmark.Subjects – 1,575 students in university‐level programs or other higher education programs (vocational three‐to‐four‐year programs) in Denmark.Methods – A sample of students was drawn from the national database of students by selecting every student born on the 15th of every month (approximately 4,900 students). A letter describing the study and with an invitation to fill out an online questionnaire was sent to all students in the sample. There were 1,694 valid responses (approximately 35% response rate). Students following short vocational programs were deemed to be under‐represented and these subjects were omitted from the analysis of this report,which reflects the response of 1,575 students. The online questionnaire gathered demographic details (gender, age, educational institution, study topic, study year, geographical location, access to the Internet, etc.) and used 110 questions or statements to gather information about student information‐seeking behaviour related to study purposes. These included use of the physical library and satisfaction with services, use of search engines, awareness and use of library Web‐based services, study behaviour, and participation in information literacy activities. Main results – For the purposes of this study, “academic library is used as a generic term covering university libraries, research libraries, educational libraries and all other kind of libraries outside the field of public libraries” (p. 278). The survey results confirmed many of the previous international reports of student information‐seeking behaviour: 85% of students use the academic library for study purposes; fewer than 10% of all students are able to cope without any library use; students in technology and engineering, the sciences and arts, architecture and music have a higher rate of non‐use of their academic libraries; a large percentage of students access the electronic resources from home; the physical library is still considered important to students; Google is used extensively and is nearly the exclusive choice for search engine. The public library is used for study purposes by about 58 percent of all students with the highest use (76%) by students in higher education institutions (HEI); students of education, social topics and psychology are very frequent public library users. Female students in HEI were the most frequent users of the public library independent of study subject or year, or any other demographic variable. Seven per cent of students rely exclusively on the public library for study purposes and first‐year HEI students in the subject areas of education, social topics and psychology are over‐represented in this group (which additionally has less Internet access from home than the other students). Students perceive nearly all aspects of service in the academic library as superior; HEI students rate ambience, electronic resources and speed of inter‐library loan provision in the public library as higher than the academic. University students give a low rating to the collections of public library, although the students use the public library principally to supplement the collections available in their academic libraries. Another high use of public libraries by HEI students is for interlibrary loans placed through the national resource sharing system. Public library reference services are used often by only one per cent of students and only two per cent use the public library on a regular basis for “study related group activities.” Conclusion – Students use physical libraries to a great extent to support their studies and students have embraced digital access to collections, especially access from home. Google is the most heavily used search engine and is used by nearly all students;use of Google complements and supplements library use. Nearly 60% of all students use public libraries for study purposes and to supplement the collections of their academic library, but they find that the public library collections are insufficient to meet their needs. The inter‐library loan policies of public libraries are more lenient and accommodating to student needs and may drive the high use of public libraries. Students form a large constituency of the public library user population and they generally rate most aspects of service as substandard to those of academic libraries. There is a call for review of the public library’s role in meeting the information needs of students, and in particular, those of HEI programs who are most dependent on the public library.

A review of: Gallagher, John, Kathleen Bauer, Daniel M. Dollar. “Evidence-Based Librarianship: Utilizing Data From All Available Sources to Make Judicious Print Cancellation Decisions.” Library Collections, Acquisitions & Technical Services 29.2 (2005): 169-79. Objective – To apply the principles of evidence-based librarianship to the decision-making process regarding the cancellation of print serials. Design – Quantitative analysis of local and national data from various sources. Subjects – Data sources included 1249 current unbound print journals, 3465 Medline-indexed electronic journals, statistics from the Association of Research Libraries and American Association of Health Sciences Libraries, as well as traditional library statistics. Setting – The study was conducted in the Yale University’s Cushing/Whitney Medical Library located in New Haven, Connecticut U.S.A. Methods – Several sources were targeted for data. A three-month periodical usage study of the current issues of the library’s 1249 actively received print titles was undertaken. Excel-generated alphabetical listings of titles were used by shelvers to indicate, with a check mark, which issues were shelved during a specified week. The workflow was adjusted to ensure only items under study were counted. Signs asking patrons not to re-shelve journal issues were posted. Usage data were collected weekly and entered into an Excel spreadsheet where the total use of the journals was tracked. In-house circulation, photocopy, and gate count statistics were also used. In addition to the survey, SFX statistics for the library’s electronic journals indexed in MEDLINE (3465) were gathered during the same 3 month period covered by the print usage survey. MEDLINE was chosen as the delineating factor to ensure consistent subject coverage with the print journal collection. For perspective and trends, statistics from the Association of Research Libraries and the American Association of Health Sciences Libraries were considered. Main Results – Based on the study’s findings, 53% of the print collection (657 titles) received no use during the study period; 7.1 % (89 titles) were used more than once per month; and 1.28% were used one or more times per week. Further, only 10% (125 titles) of the collection represented 60.7% of the total print collection use. There was also a direct correlation between the drop in patrons coming to the library and the decrease in print periodical use. SFX statistics revealed that of the 3465 MEDLINE indexed titles 14.8% (513 titles) were not accessed at all and 10% of the journals represented 56.8% of all SFX usage. These results were consistent with statistics from the Association of Research Libraries and the American Association of Health Sciences Libraries. Conclusion – Titles that were used the most in print were also used the most electronically. Further, the study revealed that print journals are used only a fraction as often as their electronic counterparts. Indeed, in both the case of print and electronic journals the largest use came from a small number of subscribed titles. Print collection maintenance is more labour intensive and costly than electronic. Consequently, resources spent supporting 53% of the print collection that is not used seriously impacts efficiency. With constraints on acquisitions budgets, funding unused collections does not make sense. Examination of the print serial collection is only part of ensuring effective collections. As this study has indicated, unused electronic titles are also a drain on resources and further analysis of electronic packages is warranted.

Terminai „knygų kolekcija“, „knygų rinkinys“, „fondas“ knygotyroje ir bibliotekininkystėje dažnai vartojami sinonimiškai, bet tam tikrais atvejais jų prasmės skiriasi. Knygų kolekcija in corpore įprasta vadinti istoriškai susiformavusį, nedalomą, istorinės, mokslinės ir kultūrinės vertės knygų rinkinį. Straipsnyje analizuojami knygų kolekcijos termino vartojimo teoriniai aspektai, Lietuvos ir užsienio bibliotekose susiklosčiusi knygų kolekcijų gyvavimo praktika. Tyrimo objektas – Lietuvos nacionalinėje, valstybinės reikšmės ir apskričių bibliotekose sukauptos knygų kolekcijos. Ištyrus jų pateiktį bibliotekų interneto svetainėse paaiškėjo, kad jose knygų kolekcijos in corpore specialiau neatspindimos, tad vartotojui rasti informacijos apie jas gana keblu. Iš viso šiose bibliotekose sukaupta 144 knygų kolekcijos in corpore. Vyraujanti jų grupė – asmeninės bibliotekos (137), institucinių bibliotekų yra septynios. Šiuo metu kolekcijų in corpore komplektavimas sumažėjęs, tai atliepia šiandienos bibliotekininkystės situaciją. Knygų kolekcijos in corpore dėl savo išskirtinumo tampa knygų paminklais, taigi toks jų statusas įpareigoja saugotojus elgtis su jomis kaip su ypatingos vertės dokumentų kompleksais – knygos paminklais. A book collection in corpore is usually used to describe a historically formed, indivisible collection of books having a historic, scientific and cultural value. Specialized research on this topic in Lithuania has been scanty, if any, with the exception of research conducted on acquiring and storing book collections in libraries as well as similar topics. The article aims at investigating the theoretical aspects of using the term book collection and providing the analysis of existing practices and trends with regard to book collections both in Lithuanian and foreign libraries. To achieve this objective, the following methods of literary analysis and empirical research have been used: analysis of library websites, expert survey, interviews with the library staff taking care of book collections at their disposal. The objects of research are the book collections in corpore, acquired and stored in the National Library of Lithuania, libraries of state-level and county libraries. The libraries which decide to store and preserve book collections in corpore, undertake a museum function, that is, the inherent function pertinent to a memory institution. This function is not characteristic of public libraries. However, it is among the core functions of the libraries having the national and state status. Based on the criterion of the former owner, collections in corpore can be grouped as follows: personal libraries (the libraries of outstanding statesmen, public figures, science and culture makers) and book heritage of various institutions (institutional libraries). It turned out that currently 144 collections in corpore are being stored in the National Library of Lithuania, state-level and county libraries, with personal libraries identified as the prevailing group among them (137). The seven remaining collections in corpore are institutional libraries. The analysis of the information available in library websites on the collections in corpore revealed that the material presented is rather scarce and the websites do not contain comprehensive information about the scope of the respective collections. Thus, the user’s access to information is rather restricted. Today, the acquisition of collections in corpore has been reduced in scope, reflecting the current situation in librarianship. The status of some of the libraries which have acquired a great many book collections in corpore (for example, Vilnius University Library) have to be reviewed. Having established whether we are dealing with a collection in corpore or whether it is merely a donated collection of books, we can integrate the books in question into the library holdings, marking book provenance indicators in a bibliographic description in the online catalogue. Due to their exclusivity, book collections in corpore are becoming book monuments. Such a status puts their custodians under an obligation to treat them as the sets of documents having special value, that is, as book monuments.

The developing “information age” is continually unraveling new ways of discovering, presenting and sharing information. Most new academic material is digitally formatted upon its creation and is thus easy to find and query. However, there remains a good deal of material from times prior to the “information age” that has yet to be converted to digital form. Much of this material can be found in library collections—whether academic, public or private—and thus remains available only to a limited number of locals or willing-and-able sojourners. Using OCR technology, most typeset documents can be digitized and made available online; and there are several projects underway to do exactly this. However, there remains little to be done for handwritten materials. Those who own collections of handwritten documents are increasingly wanting to make the content thereof available to the general public. Unfortunately, traditional transcription models typically prove to be expensive or inefficient and pdf snapshots are not searchable. We have developed a model for digital transcription using Google Docs and Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Using this model, one can use an online workforce to efficiently transcribe handwritten texts and perform quality control at a cost much lower than professional transcription services. To illustrate the model we used Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to transcribe and then proofread the Frederick Douglass Diary which we have made available on a public searchable wiki. The total cost of transcription and proofreading for the 72 page diary was less than $25.00 with some pages being transcribed and proofread for as little as $0.04. Our results show that using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk holds great promise for providing an affordable transcription method for hand-written historical documents making them easily sharable and fully searchable.

Libraries are increasingly using quantitative and qualitative research methods to assess the quality of their resources and services. This can include collecting survey data and conducting focus groups and patron interviews. While these forms of data collection are considered standard assessment tools, libraries already have a rich collection of data available to them through their suggestion boxes – one of the most longstanding methods to determine how well your library is doing. A survey of Canadian academic libraries was conducted to gain some insight into the prevalence of the suggestion box, how libraries were managing them in their day to day operations, and whether the collected data was mined for any decision-making purposes. The authors provide recommendations on how libraries can analyze their suggestion box data to improve services and engage more effectively with their users.

There has been some discussion of late, in academic library circles, surrounding the relative merits of Microlog (Micromedia-ProQuest) versus the Canadian Public Policy Collection (CPPC - Gibson Library Connections). Microlog is a long-standing resource, with over 200,000 titles, that provides fiche copies of Canadian government documents (federal, provincial, and municipal) to subscribers. Microlog also creates the MARC records and makes them available for uploading into library catalogues. CPPC is an online collection of over 22,000 think tank and policy institute reports, along with a selection of federal and provincial government documents. This paper provides a comparative analysis of Microlog and CPPC to help clarify their roles in academic library collections. This analysis considers measures of growth, coverage, and content, as well as additional features associated with each of these collections. The analysis concludes that these collections are largely distinct and tend to be more complementary than competitive.

Este trabalho analisa o conjunto de periódicos eletrônicos de administração disponíveis no Portal Capes, do ponto de vista dos interesses dos usuários de uma biblioteca universitária especializada no assunto. Empregou-se como método a análise das citações dos periódicos utilizados nas teses de doutorado defendidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração da Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul no período 1999-2007. Observou-se que 25% dos periódicos citados nas teses não estão disponíveis no Portal e que os periódicos disponíveis apresentam limitações quanto à integralidade da coleção. Palavras-chave Biblioteca universitária. Desenvolvimento de coleções. Análise de citações. Periódicos eletrônicos. Electronic journals in the fi eld of business administration available in portal of journals of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyze a set of electronic academic journals referring to Business Administration available at Portal CAPES from the point of view of the users' interest concerning a university library specialized on this subject. The methodology used is an analysis of citations of journals utilized by the theses of PhD presented in the Post-graduation Program in Administration of Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul from 1999 to 2007. It is important to note that 25% of the journals cited in the theses are not available at the Portal. The journals available, however, show some lack as to a whole collection. Keywords Academic library. Development of collection. Analyses of citation. E-journals.

After the devision oft the two universities, the University and Regional Library of Tyrol is responsible for the Leopold-Franzens-University and the Medical University Innsbruck. In the main library medical books and medical textbooks are available. Founded in 1979, the Medical-Biological Library offers periodicals and a growing collection of textbooks in medicine. In both libraries there are places for learning and PC-workstations. The supply of electronic journals, electronic books and databases for the two universities is coordinated by the university library.

The University of Waterloo Map Library is a cartographic and GIS academic resource centre to academics, community organizations and interested members of the local community. With a collection of over 100,000 maps, 49,000 air photos and being the campus’ hub for geospatial data, the library is frequented by many user groups and individuals – serving a variety of interests and purposes. Until most recently, many of these users were able to only access the collection in person, during library hours. Now, one of the library’s most popular paper collection used by the local community, the historical aerial photographs, have become available online for users to view and download from their home and business computers. The Map Library’s air photo collection includes stereoscopic images of the Region of Waterloo taken as early as 1930 to as recent as 1995. The air photos are widely used by students, business contractors, history buffs and home owners who like to study the air photos for land cover, property information, feature identification and changes in these over time. Due to several access limitations, the Map Library wanted to provide the community with easier access, available 24/7 and remotely from the internet. The Map Library scanned, digitized, and georeferenced photos from the 1930s and 1940s and uploaded them to a website that provides easy access for viewing and downloading the imagery. Using GIS technology, the air photos were digitized with geographical coordinate tags for use in GIS software programs including online mapping applications such as Google Earth (GE). By creating and offering downloadable georeferenced images compatible with popular mapping tools, the air photos have gained significant popularity and utilization by not only regular library users but by community groups, organizations and corporations who have never used library resources in the past. The integration of modern technology with traditional paper mapping has proven to be both methods of preservation and increased varying utilization.

Objective – To determine whether and how Danish university and higher education students use public libraries for study purposes. Design – Online survey. Setting – Post-secondary students in Denmark. Subjects – 1,575 students in university-level programs or other higher education programs (vocational three-to-four-year programs) in Denmark. Methods – A sample of students was drawn from the national database of students by selecting every student born on the 15th of every month (approximately 4,900 students). A letter describing the study and with an invitation to fill out an online questionnaire was sent to all students in the sample. There were 1,694 valid responses (approximately 35% response rate). Students following short vocational programs were deemed to be under-represented and these subjects were omitted from the analysis of this report, which reflects the response of 1,575 students. The online questionnaire gathered demographic details (gender, age, educational institution, study topic, study year, geographical location, access to the Internet, etc.) and used 110 questions or statements to gather information about student information-seeking behaviour related to study purposes. These included use of the physical library and satisfaction with services, use of search engines, awareness and use of library Web-based services, study behaviour, and participation in information literacy activities. Main results – For the purposes of this study, “academic library is used as a generic term covering university libraries, research libraries, educational libraries and all other kind of libraries outside the field of public libraries” (p. 278). The survey results confirmed many of the previous international reports of student information-seeking behaviour: 85% of students use the academic library for study purposes; fewer than 10% of all students are able to cope without any library use; students in technology and engineering, the sciences and arts, architecture and music have a higher rate of non-use of their academic libraries; a large percentage of students access the electronic resources from home; the physical library is still considered important to students; Google is used extensively and is nearly the exclusive choice for search engine. The public library is used for study purposes by about 58 percent of all students with the highest use (76%) by students in higher education institutions (HEI); students of education, social topics and psychology are very frequent public library users. Female students in HEI were the most frequent users of the public library independent of study subject or year, or any other demographic variable. Seven per cent of students rely exclusively on the public library for study purposes and first-year HEI students in the subject areas of education, social topics and psychology are over-represented in this group (which additionally has less Internet access from home than the other students). Students perceive nearly all aspects of service in the academic library as superior; HEI students rate ambience, electronic resources and speed of inter-library loan provision in the public library as higher than the academic. University students give a low rating to the collections of public library, although the students use the public library principally to supplement the collections available in their academic libraries. Another high use of public libraries by HEI students is for inter-library loans placed through the national resource sharing system. Public library reference services are used often by only one per cent of students and only two per cent use the public library on a regular basis for “study related group activities.” Conclusion – Students use physical libraries to a great extent to support their studies and students have embraced digital access to collections, especially access from home. Google is the most heavily used search engine and is used by nearly all students; use of Google complements and supplements library use. Nearly 60% of all students use public libraries for study purposes and to supplement the collections of their academic library, but they find that the public library collections are insufficient to meet their needs. The inter-library loan policies of public libraries are more lenient and accommodating to student needs and may drive the high use of public libraries. Students form a large constituency of the public library user population and they generally rate most aspects of service as substandard to those of academic libraries. There is a call for review of the public library’s role in meeting the information needs of students, and in particular, those of HEI programs who are most dependent on the public library.

This article reports on a small-scale user-focused piece of research carried out at the University of Sussex. In an attempt to better understand the impact of e-books on student outputs, citation analysis was performed on coursework to identify the e-books that had been used. Of the students surveyed, 11.6% cited an e-book in their work and, for this particular group, EBL was found to be the most popular collection. However, cross reference with the Library discovery tool and Google revealed that e-books available from the web were cited more than those from library collections. Interviews uncovered a spectrum of usage, leading to the conclusion that a comprehensive e-book strategy is required that makes students aware of their benefits, equips them with the skills needed for effective use and increases the number of e-books available.