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Interrogation of subcellular biological dynamics occurring in a living cell often requires noninvasive imaging of the fragile cell with high spatiotemporal resolution across all three dimensions. It thereby poses big challenges to modern fluorescence microscopy implementations because the limited photon budget in a live-cell imaging task makes the achievable performance of conventional microscopy approaches compromise between their spatial resolution, volumetric imaging speed, and phototoxicity. Here, we incorporate a two-stage view-channel-depth (VCD) deep-learning reconstruction strategy with a Fourier light-field microscope based on diffractive optical element to realize fast 3D super-resolution reconstructions of intracellular dynamics from single diffraction-limited 2D light-filed measurements. This VCD-enabled Fourier light-filed imaging approach (F-VCD), achieves video-rate (50 volumes per second) 3D imaging of intracellular dynamics at a high spatiotemporal resolution of ~180 nm × 180 nm × 400 nm and strong noise-resistant capability, with which light field images with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) down to -1.62 dB could be well reconstructed. With this approach, we successfully demonstrate the 4D imaging of intracellular organelle dynamics, e.g., mitochondria fission and fusion, with ~5000 times of observation. A super-resolution light-field imaging method enables video-rate 3D imaging of intracellular dynamics beyond diffraction limit and with strong noise-resistant capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Golgi-derived PI4P-containing vesicles play important roles in mitochondrial division, which is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, the mechanism of the PI4P-containing vesicle effect on mitochondrial division is unclear. Here, we found that actin appeared to polymerize at the contact site between PI4P-containing vesicles and mitochondria, causing mitochondrial division. Increasing the content of PI4P derived from the Golgi apparatus increased actin polymerization and reduced the length of the mitochondria, suggesting that actin polymerization through PI4P-containing vesicles is involved in PI4P vesicle-related mitochondrial division. Collectively, our results support a model in which PI4P-containing vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus cooperate with actin filaments to participate in mitochondrial division by contributing to actin polymerization, which regulates mitochondrial dynamics. This study enriches the understanding of the pathways that regulate mitochondrial division and provides new insight into mitochondrial dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]