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Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is widespread across many nations and populations, and India shares more than three-quarters of the global burden of SLT consumption. Tobacco use in India has been largely viewed as a male-dominant behaviour. However, evidence from medical, social and behavioural sciences show significant SLT use among women and young girls. This paper highlights key dimensions of SLT use among women in India including prevalence and determinants, the health effects arising from SLT use and cessation behaviours. The paper concludes by providing recommendations with the aim of setting research priorities and policy agenda to achieve a tobacco-free society. The focus on women and girls is essential to achieve the national targets for tobacco control under the National Health Policy, 2017, and Sustainable Development Goals 3 of ensuring healthy lives and promote well-being for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family medicine is the internationally recognized nomenclature for the academic discipline, knowledge domain, and medical specialty of primary care doctors, working in the community setting. Family medicine is defined as a specialty of medicine which is concerned with providing comprehensive care to individuals and families by integrating biomedical, behavioral, and social sciences in the community setting. The distinction of family medicine lies in the tradition of medical generalism, promoting whole person care, in a life cycle mode; providing optimal preventive, promotive, and curative healthcare services in a wide spectrum of setting from home to hospital. In 2016, 92nd report of the department‑related parliamentary standing committee on health and family welfare on the “Functioning of the Medical Council of India” has emphasized the need for postgraduate in family medicine. The committee report has noted that “the medical education system is designed in a way that the concept of family physicians has been ignored. The committee recommends that the Government of India in coordination with State Governments should establish robust PG Programs in Family Medicine and facilitate introduction of Family Medicine discipline in all medical colleges. This will not only minimize the need for frequent referrals to specialist and decrease the load on tertiary care but also provide continuous healthcare for the individuals and families. The successive National Health Policies of Government of India–NHP 2002 and 2017 have emphasized the need of family medicine training in India. The recently enacted National Medical Commission Act 2019 has mandated NMC to promote training in family medicine at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Therefore, in the background of the stated policies of the Government of India the concept of family doctors, which was earlier neglected should be institutionalized within the mainstream medical education system of India. It is now time to accelerate and upgrade family medicine training and thereby strengthen the concept of comprehensive primary care in India. This white paper presents the review of family medicine training in India and proposes a way forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early childhood development (ECD) refers to the physical, motor, socio-emotional, cognitive, and linguistic development of a young child. The 'Countdown to 2030' global distribution of 'children at risk of poor development' indicates the need for urgent action and investment in ECD. Nurturing care enhances ECD, even in the presence of adversities. Strategic actions should exist at multiple levels: the family, community, health care providers and government. Previously, child health related policies and programs of the Government of India functioned in isolation, but have recently started demonstrating multi-sectoral collaboration. Nonetheless, the status of ECD in India is far from optimal. There is strong evidence that parenting programs improve outcomes related to ECD. This is dependent on key programmatic areas (timing, duration, frequency, intensity, modality, content, etc.), in addition to political will, funding, partnership, and plans for scaling up. Each country must implement its unique ECD program that is need-based and customized to their stakeholder community. Barriers like inadequate sensitization of the community and low competency of health care providers need to be overcome. IAP firmly believes that responsive parenting interventions revolving around nurturing care should be incorporated in office practice. This paper outlines IAP's position on ECD, and its recommendations for pediatricians and policy makers. It also presents the roadmap in partnership with other stakeholders in maternal, neonatal, and child health; Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (FOGSI), National Neonatology Forum (NNF), World Health Organization (WHO), and United Nation Children Fund (UNICEF) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's food processing industry is a sunrise sector and can scale new highs to supply good quality, nutritious, hygienically-produced and packed food products to the consumer and ensure better income for the growers. Rising incomes and a demand for healthy, packaged food ensure its sustenance without fear of recession. In India, this industry has a dualistic structure - organized and unorganized. There is substantial marketing importance of this industry. However, the extent of processing is still at a nascent stage, and the supply chain gaps and losses are the biggest challenges faced by the industry in India. The objective of this paper is to analyse different aspects of food processing industry in India and covers its importance, growth, potential, problems, and government policy. In the end, the paper carried out the SWOT analysis and offers a few policy steps required for exploiting opportunities that lie ahead food processing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper delves into the intricate domain of policy science, focusing on the policy-making process itself. Existing theoretical frameworks in policy science often overlook essential nuances, particularly the role of political willingness causing non-linearity in the policy-making process. Three fundamental questions drive the research at hand. First, the research delves into the adequacy of existing policy frameworks in effectively elucidating the complexities of policymaking in the context of large democracies, with a particular focus on India. Second, it investigates the significant role of political willingness in shaping the trajectory of policymaking, particularly within democratic systems. Lastly, the research aims to construct a comprehensive framework capable of accommodating and explaining the non-linear dynamics introduced by the influence of political willingness throughout the policy-making process. Through an analysis of India's Data Protection Regulation formulation process, this paper attempts to map the existing gap and way forward. As an outcome of the case study analysis, the proposed framework introduces political willingness as a central element extending the policy formulation cycle and showcases its influence on agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption, implementation, and evaluation. This research contributes to the field of policy science by providing a comprehensive framework that accounts for the complexities of policymaking, especially in the Indian context. By acknowledging the pivotal role of political willingness, this framework seeks to bridge the gap in existing theoretical models, offering a more holistic understanding of policy formulation and analysis. This research lays the foundation for a paradigm shift in the study of policy science, addressing the challenges posed by evolving governance mechanisms and the rising influence of political agendas in the modern world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hindu civilizationism is more than a century old phenomenon that has been steadily gaining strength. Its recent amalgam with populism has made it ascendant, popular, and mainstream in India. This paper explores how Hindu civilizationism is not only an essential part of the Hindutva and BJP's narrative but also the mainstay of several government policies. The "other" of the BJP's populist civilizationist rhetoric are primarily Muslims and Muslim civilization in India and the aim is to make India "vishwaguru" (world leader) again after 1200 years of colonialism. The evidence of this heady mixture of civilizationism and populism is numerous and ubiquitous. This paper analyzes topics such as Akhand Bharat, the golden age, denigrating Mughals, Hindutva pseudoscience, and Sanskrit promotion to highlight the evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a comprehensive agenda that goals to transform the Indian education system to meet the challenges of the 21st century. It introduces several innovative approaches to enhance the quality and inclusivity of education. This research article explores the awareness of first year students in India regarding the NEP 2020. This research article investigates the awareness of students in India belonging undergraduate regarding the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP). The study aims to understand the level of awareness, perception, and engagement of students, who are the stakeholders in these respective groups with the NEP 2020. Primary data was collected by using a structured research instrument through Google forms & analysis was done through basic percentage analysis, bivariate U test keeping in mind the results of data normality along with Association and Reversion analysis. The findings provide insights into the awareness gaps and varying levels of engagement across the different educational levels, offering valuable implications for policymakers and educators to effectively implement the NEP 2020 reforms at each stage of education. This article presents the exact structure of NEP2020 for degree student, awareness about the NEP2020 in first year students and difficulties faced by students while accepting NEP2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender-affirming medical care is the provision of transition-related medical services that support a transgender person's own gender identity. Gender transitioning is a process that requires not only social support but also psychological and medical support, This paper attempts to document the challenges faced by transgender individuals (TG) especially in the context of gender affirming medical care in the Kerala context. The transition process is extremely complex as the preference for such process is varied. Some transgender individuals preferred social transition and/or medical transition to align their gender expression with their gender identity, while others chose to have a gender expression or identity outside the traditional gender binary. In Kerala, despite proactive policy and positive legal support, transgender individuals face many challenges in gender-affirming medical care which include lack of family support and equity-related issues with respect to a number of social support institutions including health services. A few possible interventions are suggested such as changes in medical curriculum, more active State support and sensitization of the society including health workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regime complexes have been discussed in international literature as an intervening variable which bring about policy coherence at national levels. There is a dearth of literature which examines aspects related to the link between global biodiversity regime, national policy coherence and sustainable development goals (SDGs) reporting. By taking the case study of India and using liberal institutional approaches and critical appraisal, this paper seeks to analyse the role of SDGs reporting for promoting coherence between the international biodiversity regime complex and country level planning. This paper will have implications for praxis on biodiversity and sustainable development policy as well as have implications for theory related to liberal institutional scholarship. This paper argues that while the normative scope of the global biodiversity regime has evolved to encompass principles such as scientific enquiry as well as sustainable development, national level reporting on biodiversity related SDGs have to still catch up to facilitate better policy coherence at all levels. Further the paper also calls for a greater science-policy interface to supplement SDG reporting framework towards better understanding of conservation and ecosystem services aspects of biodiversity in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the effect of foreign direct investments on the Indian retail sector. The inflow of foreign direct investments into India's retail sector has growth and boosted the Indian country's GDP. In order to research and assess the effect, government policy and other determinant were also discussed. India's retail industry is booming, with plenty of opportunities. Investing possibilities Until 2006, there were limits on foreign direct investment inflows. The Indian retail sector in India is a rapidly expanding market with numerous investment opportunities. Until 2006, there were limits on foreign direct investment inflows. Since 2006, however, the government has made a positive shift in policy, encouraging foreign companies to invest in the country. India is a great place to invest in and own. The paper looks at how India's retail industry is growing, as well as tax incentives and other factors that affect foreign direct investments inflows. It also looks at the obstacles and threats that allowing a foreign company to invest in India poses to Indian retailers (small, medium, and large). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces the location of the principles of India’s Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, in the country’s most recent National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, and the documents leading up to the policy. It draws on the capability development approach and critical theory that facilitate understanding education as a fundamental right, moving beyond the narrow understanding of education as a mere instrument for the global economy. It also draws on global education policy literature and critical policy analysis lens to examine the assumed policy rationality. Based on a qualitative document analysis the paper argues that the policy does not demonstrate a commitment to the ideas of public-funded elementary education, child-centered democratic learning environment, and bridging the gap between equity and quality. The recommendations signal a further dilution of the RTE mandates. The policy statements and linguistic choices show an allegiance to neoliberal discourses reflecting the influence of global education policy transfer without systematic consideration of the realities of Indian school education. This approach indicates a missing link between the policy aims and social justice, that does not bode well on the educational rights of the marginalised children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Management for Global Sustainability is the property of Ateneo de Manila University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research paper is a study on the situation of Migrant Workers, and hardships faced by them in this pandemic. This paper will try to analyse on whom the responsibility lies, whether the Central Government was at fault or the respective State Governments need to be held accountable. This paper will revisit the plethora of laws we have for migrant workers but lack effective implementation. This paper will also address the effects of migrant labours both short term and in long term, and how the Supreme Court could have taken a more proactive path to tackle the situation. Finally this paper will try to suggest some practical recommendations that can be implemented and will improve the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total number of vehicles is expected to be 2.5 billion by the year 2050. To stabilize the impact on environment, the automobile sector has shown various innovations by shifting from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). However, there is less acceptance of electric cars in India, so this research paper explores the various factors affecting EV adoption intention. The key factors studied are price, environmental concern, infrastructure requirement, and knowledge of EV. This paper also shows that government policies act as a mediator between factors like price, knowledge of EV, and infrastructure requirement on adoption intention of EVs. This research paper presents insights for the decision-makers to understand the determinants and design the strategies for increased adoption intention of EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiculturalism as a theoretical concept is an extension of communitarianism and emerged out of the liberal-communitarian debate. Multiculturalism emerged as a doctrine to defend minority rights in the context of communitarian critique of liberal individualism and how these minority rights fit into the broader issue of liberal-democratic theory. It is a theory to counter the dangerous tendencies which are inherent in the theory of liberalism and communitarianism. Liberal concept of justice was not enough to defend the sort of group specific rights that minorities need to protect themselves from assimilation and similarly communitarianism has a dangerous tendency to limit the freedom of individual to question and revise traditional way of life. In this paper I had tried to work out how multiculturalism as a doctrine emerged out of communitarianism and how composite culture which is an essential prerequisite of multicultural societies can be created. In this I had tried to show that Multiculturalism emerged as a doctrine to defend minority rights in the context of communitarian critique of liberal individualism and how these minority rights fit into the broader issue of liberal-democratic theory. In this paper I had also tried to chalk out significant differences in the concept of multiculturalism and communitarianism. In a multicultural society, the growth of composite culture is necessary for the formation and growth of national identity and for composite culture to easily develop in multicultural society I had recommended deliberative form of democracy. Most of the modern societies are multicultural societies with each cultural community offering a conception of good life. Coexistence of different conceptions of good life creates a situation of moral conflict which is confined not only to public sphere but stretches over to private domain also. Different cultural groups often grudge that their view and concerns are often sidelined by representative bodies while formulating public polices, which eventually make them apathetic to state authorities and creates a problem of legitimacy. Like in France, the state in 2010 decided to ban all religious symbols in public which created lot of resentment in minority community. Similarly in India, The Muslim Women (protection of rights on Marriage)bill, 2019 banning and criminalizing triple talaq was passed by parliament as a social reform measure without having consultation with the members of concerned Muslim community. This spurred the debate in India that shouldn't the government have brought in this legislation after having wider consultation with the concerned community and does the state has the right to criminalize a civil act pertaining to marriage whereas no such provision exists for any other community. Modern multicultural societies are faced with the dilemma how to reconcile this discontent and resolve the disputes arising out of such moral conflicts. There have been numerous instances in multicultural societies where people belonging to different religious groups have resented such legal legislations which encroach upon their religious beliefs. There is therefore a growing feeling that while formulating public policies different cultural groups should be consulted. In this article we have tried to show that Multiculturalism emerged as a doctrine to defend minority rights in the context of communitarian critique of liberal individualism and how these minority rights fit into the broader issue of liberal-democratic theory. Apart from this we have also tried to chalk out significant differences in the concept of multiculturalism and communitarianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- Kerala is one of India's most advanced states in human development and other social indices. This study aims to look at the management education scenario in Kerala from a macro-perspective and examines the existing trends, major issues and present challenges facing the sector. Design/methodology/approach -- The study is driven by previously unexplored secondary data published by India's apex technical education regulator--All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). Qualitative and quantitative assessments are assimilated from the organization, dissection and categorization of unit-level data. Findings -- Business schools (B-schools) in the state are facing acute distress in enrolments. There are intraregional variations in institution count and occupancy rates. The vast majority of the institutions have no accreditation at all. The entire sector is facing a protracted decline. Research limitations/implications -- The study has relied primarily on descriptive statistics considering a single discipline within the higher education sector in Kerala. Future studies should look at other disciplines (engineering, medicine) simultaneously. Use of statistical methods like panel data regression would be beneficial to find hidden trends in cross-sectional and longitudinal time-series data. Practical implications -- Management education in Kerala is facing an existential crisis. This has implications for the state's economic development. The paper creates strong imperatives for government policymaking to forestall the complete decline of the sector. Social implications -- A highly literate state with advanced human development indices need not be a suitable location for building a knowledge-based economy. Government policy has strong implications for the development and sustenance of higher education. The relationship between government and business schools are symbiotic. Originality/value -- The paper maps the progression of B-schools from local to global. A typology of privately funded B-schools is proposed. The conceptual framework advanced in this study can contribute to further literature development. The suggested policy initiatives are applicable not only to Kerala but also to other tightly regulated markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 epidemic has brought attention to the vulnerability of new illnesses, and immunization remains a viable option for resuming normal life. This paper examines the influence of COVID-19 vaccination on the death rate and the performance of stock market in India. For this study, COVID-19 vaccination and death rate data is gathered from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) portal, and the data for the stock index is taken from the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), India. In order to achieve a precise representation of feature significance and distribution, EDA (Exploratory Data Analysis) is utilized in this study. The impact of COVID-19 immunization on the mortality rate and stock market index is investigated using both statistical analysis and Machine Learning Regression-based models. The models are remarkably accurate in reproducing actual result. The empirical study suggests that vaccination has a strong positive impact on the stock market and reducing the death rate. Furthermore, the policies recommended by government and monetary authorities coupled with COVID-19 vaccine supported the stock market recovery in pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tobacco-related morbidity and mortality is a global public health challenge. India is the second largest consumer of tobacco in the world. The present paper synthesises the data from qualitative interviews of experts working in the field of tobacco control alongside a critical analysis of the national tobacco control policy of India. Methods: The research methods adopted for the present work included the following: 1) qualitative in-depth interview of experts and analysis of the qualitative data using thematic analysis; 2) searching existing literature and secondary data on the national tobacco policy and analysing the same using the methodological orientation of qualitative content analysis; and 3) health policy analysis of the national tobacco policy. Themes and subthemes obtained from the two approaches were compared to generate meaning. Results: Nine experts (three women and six men) participated in the in-depth qualitative interviews from a variety of professional backgrounds (preventive oncology researcher, tobacco cessation specialist, public health expert, clinicians and human rights activists). The systematic and comprehensive literature search resulted in finding 14 research papers, reviews, policy documents and commentaries on the tobacco epidemic in India. The various themes that emerged from the qualitative interviews that found support from secondary data as well were: ‘Conflicting policies of Government: Promoting tobacco production and at the same time restricting its use’, ‘Failure to shield from influence of tobacco industry’, ‘Demand reduction proposals through taxation and pricing’, ‘Legislation to protect from and reduce the harm of second-hand smoking’, ‘Health warning on packaging and labelling of tobacco products’, ‘Promotion and advertisement of tobacco products’, ‘Prohibiting production by and sale to minors’. Discussion: The control of a tobacco epidemic has multiple structural and functional challenges embedded in the complexity of the public–private interfaces, socio-economic forces, conflicting interests of the stakeholders and diverse nature of the problem. Any intervention planned to reduce the tobacco usage at a population level needs to take these factors into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID 19 Pandemic in the world, the economy was in a great depression. Still, most of the country is struggling to come out of the COVID 19 impact on their economy. The research paper is focused on the impact of the pandemic on the Indian economy by considering various parameters which define the economic condition of any country. The study considered the long-term and short-term impact on the Indian Economy. Overall the world GDP is showing negative growth during the last year and India is the one who impacted most. To analyze the data comparative analysis was used. the forecasting for the future impact of COVID 19 on the Indian economy various forecasting techniques was used such as straight line, moving average, simple linear regression, etc. Various sectors of the economy were considered to show the impact and also studied the economic reforms policy framework of government in this regard. The statistical data from the esteemed and trustworthy information sources were gathered to find out the impact of COVID 19. The data regression model was also used to analyze the collected data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper highlights the implications of Goods and Services Tax (GST), a major tax reform in India launched in July 2017 on the Make in India initiative launched in the year 2014. The GST is expected to trigger its impact on the following eight elements: warehouse efficiency, interstate check‐post operations, informal to formal business transition, interstate business expansion by micro, small, and medium enterprises, simplicity and transparency in tax collection process, logistics cost reductions, ease of doing business in India, and working capital cost realignment, which in turn may accelerate the manufacturing growth in Indian economy. In order to study the impact of the factors of GST on the Make in India initiative and the manufacturing growth, a system dynamics approach has been adopted in this paper. A number of simulation runs carried out using the system dynamics modelling have provided meaningful insights to the policymakers and strategic planners for evolving strategies for manufacturing growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is globally considered as the most powerful tool to empower women. A low level of female literacy is a matter of serious concern because it not only adversely affect a women's life but also has a spill-over effect on the society at large. In India, the National Policy on Education, 1986 as revised in 1992 is often considered as the landmark in the field of policy on women's education in India. The Mahila Samakhya Programme was initiated in 1989 to translate the goals of National Policy on Education, 1986 and Programme of Action, 1992 into a concrete programme for the education and empowerment of women in rural areas, particularly of women from socially and economically marginalised groups. In this paper an attempt is made to analyse the Mahila Samakhya Programme, identify the bottlenecks in the implementation of the programme and to suggest recommendations that could contribute to the future of the programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban sanitation in India faces many challenges. Nearly 60 million people in urban areas lack access to improved sanitation arrangements, and more than two-thirds of wastewater is let out untreated into the environment, polluting land and water bodies. To respond to these environmental and public health challenges, urban India will need to address the full cycle of sanitation, i.e. universal access to toilets, with safe collection, conveyance and treatment of human excreta. This paper outlines these concerns, and highlights the need for focusing on access to water and the full cycle of sanitation for the urban poor, as fundamental to addressing the sanitation challenge. Priorities for policy and financing for urban sanitation in India are discussed, and the paper concludes with an examination of key policy initiatives in the last decade, assessing the extent to which these priorities are gaining attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises industry across the globe is one of those sectors which are generally in demand, effervescent and productive as it contributes greatly to the nation's economy, generates employment opportunities and even earns foreign currency. M.S.M.E. as an industry includes more than eighty percent of the total entities of the country's financial system; its employment intensity is much superior then that of the companies operating at large scale. M.S.M.E. sector is a significant stakeholder of the country's financial system because it is endlessly contributing to the expansion and enlargement of the country's G.D.P. by giving jobs to around 0.07 billion people, producing close to six thousand merchandises, and manufacturing close to fifty percent of the industrial output and even earns close to forty percent of the foreign exchange. In the present times this sector is mainly made up of small units which go by the name of Micro Enterprises. This indicates that M.S.M.E. is welcoming and giving employment to new individuals for livelihood and making them self depended with the help of numerous schemes launched by the government from time to time. This paper makes an effort to understand and analyze the various schemes launched by the Ministry of M.S.M.E., Government of India to help and the assist the M.S.M.E. sector in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India and Myanmar being neighbours have had close ties with each other and the bilateral relations between the countries is strong. Myanmar - had been on the headlines due to two main reasons - its struggle for democracy and its mismanagement of the Rohingyas. Ever since the escalation of the conflict, international news agencies have been reporting on it extensively. Indian media had been placing the migration plight on the headlines. Media not only plays the role of communicating information to the public, but it at times aids in framing the government policies through trial balloons Occasionally, media sets certain agendas that will help the government in tweaking its existing policies or draft new ones. This paper tries to find out if the media aided in setting an agenda in formulating India's foreign policies - principally migration/refugee policy with respect to Myanmar and the Rohingyas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Till 2016, India was the second largest consumer of tobacco in the world, second only to China. However, in June 2017, the factsheet release of Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 showed a 6% point decline in the prevalence of tobacco use among adults (>15 years) in the country. Materials and Methods: This is a form of ecological study where trends in aggregate prevalence of tobacco use at country level (using secondary data) were studied in relation to corresponding policy actions over a period of two decades. Results: The results have shown that initial policy actions since the cigarettes act of 1975 till prevention of food adulteration Amendment act of 1995 were largely targeting cigarettes, and so smoking prevalence among men was constantly declining. On the other hand, smokeless tobacco use was increasing among both men and women and reached a peak in 2009--2010. After that, the government took strict policy actions including Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Gutka ban in 2011. There were other persistent efforts, which are discussed in this paper. As a result, a transition has occurred in relation to tobacco epidemic in India. Conclusion: The paper has been concluded with a note that there is no room for complacence and we have a noncommunicable disease action goal to further decline the prevalence of tobacco use in the country to <24.22% by the year 2025. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose According to the 70th round of the National Sample Survey published by the Government of India in 2014, the incidence of indebtedness among households in the rural areas of Telangana state, India, is twice that of rural all-India. Around 59 per cent of rural households are indebted in Telangana as against 31 per cent all-India. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent and magnitude of indebtedness among rural households in the Medak district of Telangana state. Further, the authors wanted to identify the sources of credit to these households and for what purpose the loans were utilised.Design/methodology/approach To achieve the objective, the authors conducted a primary-level household survey in one of the distressed districts in newly formed state. The authors applied the Bayesian and the Lasso regression methods to identify the factors that impact indebtedness of a household.Findings The OLS results based on the Lasso regression results show that among all the explanatory variables, principal occupation, use of modern technology, the rate of interest, household medical expenditure and source of loan are significant, indicating that these variables significantly affect the loan taken by the farmers in the study area. The study shows that alternative sources of non-farm income and promotion of modern technology in agriculture can reduce the incidence of farmers’ indebtedness in India.Originality/value The paper contains significant information with regard to indebtedness. It focusses on the issue troubling the authorities the most. It provides the ground realities of the incidence of indebtedness in Medak, one of the most distressed districts of Telangana, a Southern Indian state. There have been very few similar studies done in the newly formed state. The paper has employed an advanced statistical technique, i.e. Heckman’s selection regression technique, to study farmers’ indebtedness in India. It provides a means of correcting for non-randomly selected samples, which otherwise can lead to erroneous conclusions and poor policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education has always been regarded as the foundation on which the human resource potential can be fully utilized for productive purposes. Access to quality education is the best gift which can be given to the youth of any nation. In India, the National Education Policy 2020 (henceforth NEP) was introduced on July 20, 2020. It also marked a renaming of the Ministry of Human Resource Development as Ministry of Education. With the aim of transforming the nation into a vibrant knowledge hub, the NEP has many challenges and possibilities ahead and the present paper is a survey of the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is in the midst of a conflict for its future economic and social relations one year after the Covid-19 pandemic began. During this time, the Indian government promoted policies that exacerbated labour exploitation and increased inequality. Both past economic crises, experience and early signs of labour market and social effects during the present epidemic, implies that the COVID19 crisis will disproportionately affect immigrants and their offspring. Prior battles to replicate conditions for accumulation and resolve the social reproduction dilemma can be traced back to these measures. This paper contends that this process will likely continue long after India and other countries have recovered economically from the pandemic, and that these contestations may provide possibilities for uniting struggles across existing boundaries. A pneumonia outbreak of unknown origin was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Epidemiological evidence linked cases of pneumonia to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. Inoculation of respiratory materials into human airway epithelial cells, Vero E6 and Huh7 cell lines, resulted in the isolation of a novel respiratory virus, which was later identified as a novel coronavirus linked to SARS-CoV after genome analysis (SARS-CoV-2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a relative reduction of tobacco consumption between Global Adult Tobacco Survey-India (GATS-India) 2009–10 and GATS-India 2016–17. However, in terms of absolute numbers, India still has the highest number of tobacco consumers. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the socioeconomic correlates and delineate the factors contributing to a change in smoking and smokeless tobacco use from GATS (2009–10) to GATS (2016–17) in India. We used multivariable binary logistic regressions to examine the demographic and socioeconomic correlates of smoking and smokeless tobacco use for both the rounds of the survey. Further decomposition analysis has been applied to examine the specific contribution of factors in the decline of tobacco consumption over a period from 2009 to 2016. Results indicated that the propensity component was primarily responsible for major tobacco consumption decline (smoking- 41%, smokeless tobacco use- 81%). Most of the decrease in propensity to smoke has been explained by residential type and occupation of the respondent. Age of the respondent contribute significantly in reducing the prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption during the seven-year period, regardless of change in the composition of population. To achieve the National Health Policy, 2017 aim of reducing tobacco use up to 15% by 2020 and up to 30% by 2025, targeted policies and interventions addressing the inequalities identified in this study, must be developed and implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing nations, including India, face a number of daunting challenges in the twenty-first century, including population growth, political strife, rapid urbanization, food and water scarcity, environmental pollution, infectious diseases, and climate change. In this turbulent era, there is a need for resilience at every level—from the village family to the corporate boardroom to the halls of government. We argue that achieving resilience will require both enlightened government policies and successful initiatives by social and environmental innovators that demonstrate the capacity for adapting to these challenges. Such practical first steps can serve as models for creating a more resilient and sustainable economy in India. One way to stimulate rapid progress is development of circular economy solutions that create innovative pathways for utilization of discarded materials, thus seeking to eliminate waste. Previous research has shown that such initiatives reduce environmental pressures and improve community resilience, while stimulating the regional economy. An international conference on Waste Management Innovation, held in 2017 in Mumbai with funding from the US Consulate General, resulted in the award of seed grants to two Indian non-profits that sought to apply circular economy principles to regional communities—one urban and one rural. These initiatives provide case studies of circular economy implementation. The World Institute of Sustainable Energy has developed an action plan to capture at least 60 percent of the electronic waste generated in the city of Pune, one of the largest metropolitan areas in India. Their approach is based on circular economy principles, and has been embraced in stakeholder meetings with city officials as well as local residents and non-governmental organizations. Barefoot College has established and demonstrated a low-cost, end-to-end solid waste management model for rural villages that is designed by the local community. Their unique approach ensures sanitation, environmental protection, income and livelihood generation, and drives behavioral change in village residents by motivating them to maintain community hygiene. This paper presents the results of these two efforts, and suggests what lessons were learned. One overarching insight is that an integrated systems view is necessary to understand the interplay of economic, environmental, and social forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important public health concern globally. For India, undoubtedly, AMR has had profound impact on its health & socioeconomic parameters. Several hospital and community-based surveys have indicated alarming rise in incidence of multidrug resistant microbes, especially 'superbugs', having direct links with antibiotic use/misuse. Additionally, paucity in data with regards to quantification of AMR crisis & its determinants has been concerning. However, the national commitment to address AMR has steadily increased of late, with an oft-restated realization -- it is time to act. Recent initiatives like National Policy for Containment of AMR (2011), Chennai Declaration (2012), Anti-microbial Resistance Surveillance and Research Network (2013), The Red Line Campaign (2016), National Action Plan (NAP) for AMR (2017), ICMR Treatment Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Common Syndromes (2019) are promising measures expected to have positive impact on both clinical and economic outcome in India. This paper provides a snapshot of major strategies proposed in recent years, including educational and awareness initiatives, infection control guidelines, audit and feedback, antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance projects etc. It also identifies technical challenges & opportunities for improved AMR mitigation in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diagnosis of TB in pediatric population poses several challenges. A novel initiative was implemented in several major cities of India aimed at providing upfront access to free-of-cost Xpert MTB/RIF to presumptive pediatric TB cases. This paper aims to describe the experience of implementing this large initiative and assess feasibility of the intervention in high TB burden settings. Methods: Data were drawn from the pediatric TB project implemented in 10 major cities of India between April 2014 and March 2018. In each city, providers, both public and private, were engaged and linked with a high throughput Xpert MTB/RIF lab (established in that city) through rapid specimen transportation and electronic reporting system. Rates and proportions were estimated to describe the characteristics of this cohort. Results: Of the total 94,415 presumptive pediatric TB cases tested in the project, 6,270 were diagnosed positive for MTB (6.6%) on Xpert MTB/RIF (vs 2% on smear microscopy). Among MTB positives, 545 cases were rifampicin resistant (8.7%). The median duration between collection of specimens and reporting of results was 0 days (same day) and >89% cases were initiated on treatment. Approximately 50% of the specimens tested were non-sputum. The number of providers/facilities engaged under the project increased >10-fold (from 124 in Q2'14 to 1416 in Q1'18). Conclusion: This project, which was one of the largest initiatives globally among pediatric population, demonstrated the feasibility of sustaining rapid and upfront access to free-of-cost Xpert MTB/RIF testing. The project underscores the efficiency of this rapid diagnostic assay in tackling several challenges in pediatric TB diagnosis, identifies opportunities for further interventions as well as brings to light scope for effective engagement with healthcare providers. The findings have facilitated a policy decision by National TB Programme mandating the use of Xpert MTB/RIF as a primary diagnostic tool for TB diagnosis in children, which is being scaled-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Manufacturing excellence is critical to our nation's economy. Indian Government's National Manufacturing Policy, drafted in 2011, is being revamped to include the aspects of Industry 4.0. Initiatives, both led and assisted by government and industries, are being launched to catalyze and transform India's manufacturing competencies. This paper aims to study the functional areas which can potentially leverage Industry 4.0 technologies and help India's manufacturing establishments to transform. It does so in context of the aspirations of India's small and medium discrete manufacturing establishments (SMME) towards adopting digital technologies for the identified functional areas. The study draws its context from the relevant literature review intended to examine the academic articles published until the end of September 2018, followed by a maturity assessment survey of Indian SMMEs to establish priority areas Design/methodology/approach: The literature survey has been complemented with a maturity survey of more than 250 of Indian SMMEs to establish adoption gaps by comparing proficiency and sophistication of their present status and proposed adoption aspirations by 2020. The assessment of the organizational aspirations and gap areas identified is expected to indicate which of the Industry 4.0 elements can be adopted by them. Findings: The maturity survey undertaken throws up several insights – Indian SMME community's self-assessment indicates operational measurements followed by manufacturing and design interventions as the aspired transformation cycle. The survey indicates that manufacturers would like to make changes to their design and manufacturing strategies based on performance metrics; therefore, they need to first capture real-time machine data, analyze and then incorporate the resulting improvements in manufacturing and design decisions in that order. Research limitations/implications: The maturity assessment method itself is in evolution stage, and future correlations with benefits will strengthen observations. Industry 4.0 being relatively new initiative for India, availability of country-specific academic literature is limited. The maturity assessment survey undertaken across organizations of North, West and South India therefore carries the risk of not reflecting the views of a wider population. The current maturity, or the lack of it, of proficiency and readiness of India's SMMEs with respect to digital technologies may also be a barrier to self-examine. Practical implications: This research is expected to provide insight into priorities to be adopted for digital-centric transformation by Indian SMMEs. It is expected to facilitate policymakers and influencers from government and industry to help frame policies that facilitate the adoption of digital technologies by Indian SMMEs and facilitate India's technical education community to adopt skill development programs to support industry. It is expected to provide guidance to India's academic institutions to rejig their curriculums to help bridge the critical skills gap that exists between newly inducted engineering professionals and industry. Social implications: Digitalization is expected to foster lean and therefore support sustainability initiatives. Digitalization is expected to help create new, alternative sources of employment which are more relevant to emerging times and foster unlearning the past and relearning of new skills. This emerging diversity of engineering applications resulting from digitalization is expected to also support the larger and poorer agricultural community of India and help the sector to become more efficient and productive, which in turn will reduce economic alienation of a large section of Indian society. Originality/value: Industry 4.0 has been identified as the transformational initiative for India's manufacturing competitiveness. Indian manufacturing sector needs to urgently implement the digital technologies and improve their performance and remain relevant in this dynamic market. This research will help guide them to frame their respective digital strategies and be successful. This research will help government and industry influencers to plan and execute their interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 classified under emerging infectious diseases has spread across the world resulting in many casualties. India reported its first case on 30th January 2020 and has completed 100 days in this pandemic period. The government of India has issued stringent guidelines and imposed a lockdown for long periods to ensure the practising of social distancing. This paper reviews and discusses the current trends in the confirmed cases of India in comparison with the other prominent countries around the globe. A novel approach using a sigmoid function to predict and forecast the trends for cases in India are also presented in this work. By placing the current time on the sigmoid curve, forecasting the total number of confirmed cases by the end of the pandemic is made. If proper measures and stringent guidelines are not followed, India may have to endure a total confirmed case of up to 4.4 lakh. The prediction also suggests that 99.9% of the pandemic may end in India by 27th July 2020. The best possible approach is to undertake preventive measures by strictly adhering to the guidelines and policies set by the government. Performing hand hygiene, practicing social distancing, surveillance and isolation is the only means to break the chain of transmission and control the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC) Women's and Children's Health Research Unit (WCHRU) of the Karnataka Lingayat Education (KLE) Academy of Higher Education and Research Deemed-to-be-University and its collaborators convened the '2nd International Conference on Maternal and Newborn Health -Translating Research Evidence to Practice' to address the common theme of improving maternal and newborn health in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC). This supplement, including 16 manuscripts, reflects much of the research presented at the conference, including analyses of the state of knowledge, as well as completed, ongoing and planned research in these areas conducted by the WCHRU in India together with many collaborators across high-income and LMIC. The first paper reviews maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality in low-income countries, considers their causes, as well as evidence for potential interventions to reduce mortality. A second paper addresses near miss maternal mortality. Several manuscripts address the research conducted by WCHRU and their colleagues in a multi-center research network. One study examines rates of miscarriage and medically terminated pregnancy in India and the risk factors for these occurrences. Another paper addresses stillbirth and its risk factors, both in India as well as in other LMIC. Haemorrhage and preeclampsia/eclampsia, important causes of maternal mortality, stillbirth and neonatal morbidity in LMIC, are addressed in a series of papers summarizing trials of interventions to reduce improve outcomes associated with these conditions. Poor maternal and infant nutritional status, which contribute to adverse outcomes, are addressed through papers which describe a number of important studies that the WCHRU and their colleagues have conducted to attempt to improve nutritional status. Another paper describes a study to investigate causes of stillbirth and deaths among preterm births, which will utilize new techniques to investigate the infectious causes of these deaths. Finally, the supplement addresses the process for dissemination of research results to inform public policy. Together these manuscripts represent a body of research to inform interventions to reduce maternal, fetal and newborn mortality and illustrates what a dedicated research group together with institutional support can accomplish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies strategic consumer shopping behavior in response to a macroeconomic policy and quantifies its unintended consequences for retailers vis-à-vis the policy goal. Using transaction-level data from a large retail chain in India, we document consumer strategies that leverage retailers to avoid costs associated with the country's currency reform policy. We observe both an increase in returns of cash-purchased items that were bought before demonetization (strategic returns) and a spike in final (unreturned) cash purchases with soon-to-be-illegal notes (strategic purchases). Both practices serve consumer incentives either to receive legal notes from the retailer or to avoid depositing cash in formal bank accounts. Our analysis suggests that strategic consumers hindered the intended policy effect while partly benefiting the retail chain, leaving 20 million Indian rupees (INR) ($0.3 million) of demonetized notes outside the formal tax network through this retail chain only; when we scale up the estimates to the country's market size, the estimated total impact reaches 100 billion INR ($1.5 billion). Our findings offer implications for policy makers by quantifying a wide spillover effect of government interventions that goes beyond the target group and document a new role of the retail industry: of absorbing and facilitating a response to macroshocks. History: Avi Goldfarb served as the senior editor for this article and Nitin Mehta served as the associate editor for this article. Funding: Chintagunta thanks the Kilts Center of Marketing at the University of Chicago for financial support. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2022.1358. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As education contributes to social and economic progress, a country's school and college policies must be well-defined and futuristic. In order to make their education systems effective, different nations use a variety of stages throughout their life cycle at the school and college levels, taking tradition and culture into consideration. India's new educational system intends the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) a multidisciplinary education, which was approved by the Union Cabinet on July 29, 2020. The previous National Policy on Education, 1986, has superseded the new policy. The policy provides a comprehensive framework for vocational training, elementary through higher education, in rural and urban India. By 2021, the policy intends to transform India's educational system. The government clarified shortly after the policy's release that no one will be required to study a particular language and that English will remain the medium of instruction, not any regional language. The language policy in NEP is a broad guideline and advisory in nature and the implementation is up to the states, institutions, and schools. India's education is on the Concurrent List. The first state to implement the NEP 2020 is Himachal Pradesh. By 2022, all Indian schools should be following the national educational policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the developing countries, public policies are widely used to influence the marketing of essential consumption goods. This paper examines the rationales for such policies. Using the Indian situation as an example, the paper develops an analytical framework for formulating and implementing public policies toward essential consumption goods for Third World countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper explores the factors for the effective implementation of eHealth in India by taking into account the diverse benefits and challenges at organization and practitioner's level. The present study is exploratory in nature which has been carried out after comparing the study across the globe. Various benefits and challenges explored from previous studies are used to discover the factors for effective implementation of ehealth in India. Findings of study centered to identify factors for effective implementation of eHealth at four different levels: Practitioners' level, Organizational Level, Patients' Level, and Government level. The most important factors at practitioners level are an alignment of the practitioners with objectives and making adequate arrangements for training of the practitioners. The important factors required to overcome problems at practitioners level are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude to use eHealth. At the organization level, important factors are an alignment of stakeholders with current goals, skills set of staff, the relationship among healthcare professionals, capacity for implementation, training and development and employees motivations. At this level, important factors to deal with these challenges are customer value, to build trust in the healthcare provider, interoperability among different healthcare providers, characteristics and mindset of healthcare providers. At the government level, the imperative factors as required to handle different challenges are government policies, sources of funds, reliable health infrastructure and engagement of various stakeholders. Other important factors at this level are the status of eHealth readiness in different areas and levels, social influences and human development index. Thispaper highlights the eHealth experiences across the globe and identifies various benefits and challenges in the implementation of eHealth, which will help the decision makers at a different level in India to successfully integrate information technology with healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The food organisations are pushing to adopt circular economy initiatives to enhance economic–ecological–social sustainability of supply chains. The adoption of circular economy and sustainability aspects is complex from the point of view of developing nations compared to the developed nations. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model of the challenges for implementing the successful circular economy-led sustainability concepts in food supply chains in emerging economies, especially in the Indian context.Design/methodology/approach The authors recognised 11 circular economy-led sustainability-related challenges and analysed appropriate interactions among the identified challenges. The Delphi method was used for the confirmation of identified challenges. The challenges were identified initially with the help of literature. Interpretive structural modelling method was used for modelling the challenges. In addition, MICMAC analysis was used for classifying the challenges based on their dependence and driving power. A case study of diary food processing company in India was conducted.Findings According to the findings, poor government policies, lack of technology and techniques and lack of farmers' knowledge and awareness come under the driving challenges.Practical implications Understanding of circular economy-led sustainability-related challenges would help managers and policy makers in the sustainable management of natural resources in food value chains.Originality/value This is one of the initial works conducted on identifying and evaluating the challenges to circular economy-based sustainability aspects in food value chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of India's energy security, and by extension growth and national development, has been addressed in recent years through extensive power sector reforms organised around the modalities of privatisation and deregulation. Such policies have incentivised the entry of independent power producers as important stakeholders in the energy sector and helped establish a specific convergence between two arenas: that is, the linking of energy security imperatives with the commercialisation of natural resources and development projects. Based on empirical research in India's northeastern Himalayan region, this paper reviews the country's hydroelectric power policies, their recent implementation methods and the range of socio-economic and ecological concerns that have surfaced through anti-dam movements in response to hydroelectric power projects (HEPs). This paper suggests that the instances of socioeconomic dislocations and ecological hazards ensuing from development projects like the HEPs, specifically given the existence of statemandated counter-mechanisms to prevent such problems, are not cases of "implementation gaps", but rather are manifestations of a deeper crisis in the policy framework that has prioritised the commercialisation of resources and privatisation of mega-projects to achieve energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates that the social institutions of lineage maintenance, patrilocality, and joint families have a significant role in explaining sex differences in survival and health outcomes in rural India. Tests using panel data from rural households support this explanation, which accounts for 7 percent of excess female mortality in Haryana and Rajasthan and 4 percent in Punjab. An institutional explanation suggests limits on the role for public policy in addressing large sex differences in health and mortality outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the underlying causes of poor economic growth of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, despite being endowed with relatively rich natural resources. Against the conventional view, the analysis reveals that poor economic growth is not due to a particular factor but an outcome of a myriad of social, economic and political factors rooted in structural, historical and macro-economic policies. The economic marginalization of Bihar and UP began in the colonial era through the establishment of an exploitative landlord class, which constantly resisted economic and social development even after independence in 1947. The process of marginalization has further been reinforced by the federal central government's policy of 'freight equalization', which nullified the comparative advantage of Bihar and UP in natural resources by subsidizing railway freights of industrial inputs like coal, iron ore, steel, cement and other bulk resources. This, combined with relatively low financial resources received from central government over the consecutive plan periods, has undermined these states' capacity to invest in health, education, and other social and physical infrastructure and resulted in low human development. The poor performance of Bihar and UP may be attributed to low human capital, weak institutions and poor infrastructure coupled with political instability and social conflict rooted in sectarian politics based on caste, class and ethnic division. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equal access to universal, equitable quality inclusive education for all is the key to attain leadership in global stage in terms of economic growth, national integration, social justice and equality, scientific advancements and cultural preservation in India. National Educational Policy (NEP) 2020 is an attempt of 21st century which addresses growing developmental imperatives of the nation. The National Educational Policy 2020 has proposed the revision and revamping of all aspects of educational structure including its regulation and governance by keeping view of Sustainable Developmental Goal 4. The policy of 2020 gives stress on providing equitable quality education for all children for recognizing, identifying and fostering the unique capabilities. This paper is an attempt to discuss the recommendations suggested by NEP 2020 for both school and higher education level and analyse the challenges in order to ensure equitable, inclusive quality education for all. The discussion is based on secondary sources of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence on urban governance has expanded but is fragmented and inadequate. It fails to articulate the complexity of urban governance in a way that would facilitate effective urban transitions. Using a conceptual-cognitive lens, this article describes a method to move away from governance solutions based on functional silos to those based on multidimensional, sustainable systems. Based on a combination of concepts from public policy, governance, public administration, and urban service management, it frames the problem of urban governance as a comprehensive conceptual-cognitive map of the domain. The study validates the framework through expert feedback and the mapping of the literature on urban governance in India between 2018 and 2020. The monad map and theme map emphasise the ontology's applicability as a methodological tool for evidence generation. The analysis reveals a need to reconfigure urban governance pathways to work towards a sustainable future. The article concludes by offering new conceptual constructs of governance pathways to enhance the policies and practices that shape such transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research by Arpit Parmar, Radhika Chakraborty, and Yatan P. S. Balhara, reported in the April 2024 issue of the Indian Journal of Psychiatry, focusing on the current status of harm reduction initiatives in India. Topics include the history of harm reduction in India, the Indian status of harm reduction compared to global standards, and the strategies of harm reduction services in the country, highlighting the need for improved support and funding for these services.

Higher education in India has been stifled by overregulation. The opening of private universities has been severely restricted, and all but a few exempt institutions have had to comply with rigid curricular and organizational dictates. The system has been characterized by rote learning, high-stakes examination, premature specialization, and limited flexibility. In the most sweeping transformation to the system in the nation's modern history, India's new National Education Policy 2020 (NEP2020) seeks to change all that. With half of the world's university-age population residing in India, bursting with aspiration but frustrated by limited access to quality institutions, new universities are emerging. One is Sai University, the first in the nation to integrate heretofore siloed programs in arts and sciences, technology, and law into an integrated ecosystem at the undergraduate level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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