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CT scan by use of a beam-filter placed between the x-ray source and the patient allows a single-scan low-dose dual-energy imaging with a minimal hardware modification to the existing CT systems. We have earlier demonstrated the feasibility of such imaging method with a multi-slit beam-filter reciprocating along the direction perpendicular to the CT rotation axis in a cone-beam CT system. However, such method would face mechanical challenges when the beam-filter is supposed to cooperate with a fast-rotating gantry in a diagnostic CT system. In this work, we propose a new scanning method and associated image reconstruction algorithm that can overcome these challenges. We propose to slide a beam-filter that has multi-slit structure with its slits being at a slanted angle with the CT gantry rotation axis during a scan. A streaky pattern would show up in the sinogram domain as a result. Using a notch filter in the Fourier domain of the sinogram, we removed the streaks and reconstructed an image by use of the filtered-backprojection algorithm. The remaining image artifacts were suppressed by applying ${l}_{{0}}$ norm based smoothing. Using this image as a prior, we have reconstructed low- and high-energy CT images in the iterative reconstruction framework. An image-based material decomposition then followed. We conducted a simulation study to test its feasibility using the XCAT phantom and also an experimental study using the Catphan phantom, a head phantom, an iodine-solution phantom, and a monkey in anesthesia, and showed its successful performance in image reconstruction and in material decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single-scan dual-energy low-dose cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging technique that exploits a multi-slit filter is proposed in this paper. The multi-slit filter installed between the x-ray source and the scanned object is reciprocated during a scan. The x-ray beams through the slits would generate relatively low-energy x-ray projection data, while the filtered beams would make high-energy projection data. An iterative image reconstruction algorithm that uses an adaptive-steepest-descent method to minimize image total-variation under the constraint of data fidelity was applied to reconstructing the image from the low-energy projection data. Since the high-energy projection data suffer from a substantially high noise level due to the beam filtration, we have developed a new algorithm that exploits the joint sparsity between the low- and high-energy CT images for image reconstruction of the high-energy CT image. The proposed image reconstruction algorithm uses a gradient magnitude image (GMI) of the low-energy CT image by regularizing the difference of GMIs of the low- and high-energy CT images to be minimized. The feasibility of the proposed technique has been demonstrated by the use of various phantoms in the experimental CBCT setup. Furthermore, based on the proposed dual-energy imaging, a material differentiation was performed and its potential utility has been shown. The proposed imaging technique produced promising results for its potential application to a low-dose single-scan dual-energy CBCT. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]