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Spain is generally regarded as one of the European countries most affected by the Great Recession starting in 2008 and subsequent restrictive policies. In the first part of this paper we attempt to understand the impacts of the crisis on the welfare state that have led to health inequalities, with a special emphasis on the history of the Spanish National Health System from mid-twentieth century onwards. We also examine citizens' responses to austerity measures within the health system, highlighting the role of the "white tides" movement. In the second part of the paper, we provide a selective review of the main findings on the effects of the Great Recession in the country, focusing particularly on its outcomes on mental health and on inequalities in health and healthcare use. We conclude that key policies need to be directed towards "the causes of the causes" of health inequalities, a complicated challenge in the current phase of capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work of Nightingale and his team in the Crimean War was significant. Their interventions were recognized in England and other countries. At that time, in Spain, care was mostly in the hands of the Church. This paper aims to identify the ideological position disseminated in the Spanish press on the role of Nightingale in the Crimean War. A bibliographic review was carried out in the Digital Newspaper Library of the National Library of Spain, obtaining 27 publications in Spanish press that referred to news of Nightingale and the Crimean War. The content was analysed following Gadamer's hermeneutics. Based on the political and religious ideology of each newspaper, the publications show discrepancies regarding the perception of Nightingale's work. Some newspapers define her as a imitator of religious institutions; others highlight a woman with an academic background and great leadership in health management. These divergences result from Nightingale's analysis in a cultural, political, and social context that was different from Protestant England. For future research it is proposed to analyse whether the information in the Spanish press in relation to the Nightingale nursing training initiative also generated discrepancies in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the 36 TV crime shows of the Spanish generalist channels (1990-2010) through a narrative analysis based on the hypothesis that the observed changes are related to foreign influences and will be decisive for contemporary serial narrative. It intends to determine if and how the procedural format has evolved into melancholic cop-opera and the interrelation with the modernization of TV stories. The results show that the structure of procedural drama no longer hinders serialization, that analepsis as a way of solving cases brings together procedural drama and series, and that cop-opera remains a genre on the rise in contemporary TV fiction, providing numerous titles to new and old platforms. These findings confirm the hypothesis suggested. The serialization of police drama, the sophistication in the use of narrative and visual resources, and the apparent influence of foreign productions determine the evolution of the analyzed period, as corroborated by generic and format hybridization, the forensic subgenre, and narrative resources. Serialization coincides with the establishment of the genre in Spain during the second decade analyzed (2000-2010). The visual fragmentation of the plot accentuates a postmodern narrative. Police drama reflects an increasingly homogeneous narrative between Spanish and American fiction, such as La casa de papel (Netflix, 2017-). Temporary alterations and story fragmentation produce mosaic-like fictions, and narrative transformations increase the engagement of a more active viewer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new trend of politically polarized media in Spain has led the authors of this paper to rethink the relationship between media and citizens within selective exposure, perception and retention theory and its influence on electoral behavior. The selection of political information contents by citizens during electoral campaigns forms a diet that influences their votes. Therefore, this research article attempts to clarify the relationship between the consumption of political information from mass media and the voters' electoral behavior amid the new media reality of the country. For this, and per the post-electoral surveys of the Center for Sociological Research (CIS, for its acronym in Spanish), it studies the effects of citizens' media exposure during the 2015 and 2016 general elections on voting. In these years, there was a crisis in the party system in Spain after several decades of bipartisanship and institutional stability. The results allow concluding that the political discussion in the country builds on two lines of confrontation: ideological (left-right) and territorial, which politically polarizes those citizens from territories with their own identity (mainly Catalonia). Media positively influence the political narrative since voters consume political information from related media as a symbol of electoral reaffirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their characteristics, cooperatives have a great potential for women and men to participate on equal terms, although gender imbalances still exist. In order to explore this issue, this paper reviews the evolution of the cooperative movement with respect to gender equality, paying attention to the forces in the environment that have strengthened this position. It also analyses the elements that act in environments as disparate as those of Cuba and Spain and that favor the participation of women in cooperatives. Reference is made to Non-agricultural Cooperatives in Cuba and Associated Work Cooperatives in Spain, which are similar organizations. Using a qualitative methodology, theoretical methods of a socio-legal nature were used, which made it possible to focus on the evolution of cooperativism as part of a historical process and to compare the cases of both countries. The corpus has been made up of the main international declarations on gender and the Social Economy, as well as laws, regional and national public policies that promote gender equality in cooperatives. The results indicate that, with the particularities of each country, the evolution of the international context has exerted pressure for action in this area. However, the changes introduced by cooperatives require that the experience for women be successful, in terms of promoting real long-term empowerment and being a viable economic alternative that transcends the times of crisis that have encouraged them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article propose to articulate the global movement of the colonization in the 18th century to the local development of the Santa Catarina island. Starting from an general picture, based in a consolidate historiography about Portuguese America, arriving in the specific, where cartographic documents and official correspondences has been incorporated to the specialized bibliography about the region. Nevertheless, this paper shows how the fortifications in the island and the Azorean immigration are spatialisations from the conflicts and broader processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Capital needs a favourable scenario for its reproduction and the lack of institutional guarantees can become a substantial limitation. Although its mobility is an intrinsic characteristic of the current phase of globalization, this is the reason that the Catalan secessionist attempt, which reached its peak with the referendum of 1 October 2017, promoted the transfer of a big number of companies in this Community to other Spanish regions, mainly to the Community of Madrid. This paper is structured in three sections and aims to analyze the historical and political circumstances in which this process occurred, as well as its consequences (loss of millions of euros in bank deposits, transfer of management centers, cancellation of international events, reduction in the number of tourists, etc.). Likewise, it examines, from opinions of experts, the effects that this process will continue to have in this and other Spanish Autonomous Communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of the residential function beyond the limits of the urban and developable land in the legislative frameworks has had a distinct and incomplete character. Faced with an identical phenomenon in general, called urban sprawl, the competent governments in this matter within the Iberian Peninsula have opted for a dissimilar assimilation of it, materialized in different legal and instrumental mechanisms. The objective of this paper is to present the different ways of understanding and regulating this new urban model by the Portuguese state government and the regional autonomous governments in Spain. To do this, a comparative analysis is carried out on the criteria for the classification of undeveloped land and a review of the most paradigmatic tools for the management of periurban and rurban development. The works indicate a position that is still indeterminate and, sometimes, contradictory. In spite of this, there is a tendency towards the regulated inclusion of the residential function outside the geographical contexts that have traditionally supported it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the social determinants, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors that affect the health self-appraisal of immigrants of Moroccan origin living in the Spanish region of Navarra, using data from a cross-sectional ethnosurvey conducted in 2013. Results show, contrary to the literature, that women have a better health status variation than men, probably because men have a higher age profile and a longer stay in Spain. The binary logistic regression reveals important differences in the likelihoods of finding specific determinants of the health by sex. Paid employment is the most positive, significant factor for health among women. Close social ties with other Moroccan immigrants, living in an inexpensive old house and, to a lesser extent, having a secondary level of educational achievement show the highest probabilities for men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contract auditing, or cost and price auditing, has been applied in Spain as a means of determining prices in non-competitive defense contracts since 1989. Factors such as Spain's participation in international defense organizations, the characteristics of the defense market and the contractual legal framework for the procurement of defense goods and services help underscore the need for the Spanish Ministry of Defense to implement cost and price auditing. With the evolution of cost and price auditing in Spain in mind, this paper analyses the entire process, describes the audit procedures that are most commonly used today and assesses the main results achieved, in terms of financial savings. The results obtained show that cost and price auditing does indeed contribute to a more efficient use of public resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the integration experiences of Portugal and Spain in the European Union in order to study how it has affected their economic structures and economic performance. It analyzes the relationship between regional integration, economic growth, and economic reforms, draws some lessons based on their EU integration experience, and looks at the impact of European Monetary Union (EMU) integration in the Portuguese and Spanish economies. While the overall benefits of EU/EMU membership are undeniable in both countries, their economic performance diverged starting in 2000. In particular, the paper will examine the reasons for this divergence during the 2000-2007 period. The examination of these cases will show that the process of economic reforms has to be a domestic process led by domestic actors willing to carry them out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the challenges that exist in Brazil, with respect to the institutionalization of geographical indications of agricultural food products, based on the European experience. The recent expansion in the number of experiences of differentiation has not been able to engender changes required to stabilize a system that currently shows up extremely fragile and lacking coordination. The study is based on a comparative approach between the Brazilian and European legal framework considering the existence of diverse experiences of geographical indications of Spain (Andalusia) and Rio Grande do Sul (Serra Gaucha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes televised fiction has experienced in the context of media convergence are addressed in this paper, and a proposal is outlined for analyzing the mechanisms and strategies Spanish television chains use to disseminate and promote fictional products through the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work/paper is to compare the ideology of the most important republican leaders of Spain and Portugal, between the portuguese "Geraçao doutrinal" and the spanish "republicanos históricos", in order to find common characteristics and differences between them and, therefore, between the Portuguese republicanism and the Spanish one. This way, we will pay attention on the ideological principles of each of the main leaders about different matters like: their philosofical principles, the organization of the State, the iberism, the religious problem or the social question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to offer a general perspective on the "victor/vanquished" dichotomy as a result of the new power balance in the period following the Spanish Civil War. The power balance administered by the Franco regime includes, inevitably, the "vanquished" management. I argue that the "victor/vanquished" distinction provides a sociological background to speak about the "two Spains" meta-historical metaphor as a social reality during Francoism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]