1. Women Managers and the Gender-Based Gap in Access to Education : Evidence from Firm-Level Data in Developing Countries
- Author
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Amin, Mohammad and Islam, Asif
- Subjects
GENDER GAP ,SOCIAL SCIENCE ,GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION ,INVESTMENT ,LEVELS OF EDUCATION ,CHILDREN ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,EDUCATION LEVELS ,IDS ,TRAINING PROGRAMS ,JOB OPPORTUNITIES ,LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT ,GENDER DISPARITIES ,WAGE DIFFERENTIALS ,POLICY MAKERS ,EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ,POPULATION ,FEMINIST ,POLICY DEVELOPMENT ,FEDERAL RESERVE ,VALUES ,IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION ,FORMAL TRAINING ,RULE OF LAW ,WOMEN ,EDUCATION ,ENROLLMENT RATES ,SCIENCE ,WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS ,ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ,BANK ,GIRLS ,POPULATIONS ,EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY ,FERTILITY RATES ,BULLETIN ,GENDER DISCRIMINATION ,LABOR SUPPLY ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,POLICY DISCUSSIONS ,ECONOMIC ATTITUDE ,INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION ,ADULT LITERACY RATE ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,FINANCE ,SCHOOLS ,FEDERAL RESERVE BANK ,LABOUR SUPPLY ,SMALL BUSINESSES ,FERTILITY ,SECONDARY EDUCATION ,REGULATORY AGENCIES ,MARRIED WOMEN ,YOUNG MEN ,PROGRESS ,LACK OF ACCESS ,IMPORTANT POLICY ,LABOR MARKET ,LEGAL RIGHTS ,GENDER DISPARITY ,ADULT LITERACY ,RATIO OF WOMEN ,LITERACY ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,HOUSEHOLD ,ATTITUDES TOWARDS WOMEN ,SMALL BUSINESS ,LARGE CITIES ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,POLICY IMPLICATIONS ,TERTIARY EDUCATION ,LEVEL OF EDUCATION ,WOMAN OWNERS ,FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS ,INEQUALITY ,LITERACY RATES ,EQUALITY ,PROFITABILITY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ACCESS TO FINANCE ,LOWER FERTILITY ,WOMEN OWNERS ,EMPOWERMENT ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,ENTREPRENEURS ,SOCIAL PROBLEMS ,MASCULINITY ,FEMALE LABOR FORCE ,CAPITAL ,LABOUR FORCE ,GREATER ACCESS ,MARRIAGE ,TERTIARY LEVELS ,PARLIAMENTARY UNION ,ROLE MODELS ,FEMALE CHILDREN ,WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT ,ACCESS TO EDUCATION ,WOMAN ,BUSINESS OWNERSHIP ,ENTERPRISE ,ATTITUDE TOWARDS WOMEN ,POLICIES ,GENDER DIFFERENCES ,POLICY ,FAMILY ,PARTICIPATION RATES ,GENDER INEQUALITY ,SCHOOLING QUALITY ,BIAS ,GENDER BIAS ,EMPLOYEES ,EDUCATION VARIABLES ,ENROLLMENT RATE ,OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ,TRAINING ,UNION ,PARTICIPATION ,WOMEN LEADERS ,RICHER COUNTRIES ,PUBLIC POLICY ,POLICY RESEARCH ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,PEOPLE ,SEXUALITY ,POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ,LABOR MARKETS ,ENROLLMENT ,HIGHER ENROLLMENT ,JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ,GENDER EQUALITY ,ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ,HOUSEHOLD DUTIES ,ENROLLMENTS ,WORK EXPERIENCE ,LABOR FORCE ,BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ,FINANCIAL CAPITAL ,WOMAN OWNER ,DISCRIMINATION ,EDUCATION ACCESS ,LEADERSHIP ,GENDER ,SCHOOLING ,LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION - Abstract
Several studies explore the differences in men’s and women’s labor market participation rates and wages. Some of these differences have been linked to gender disparities in education attainment and access. The present paper contributes to this literature by analyzing the relationship between the proclivity of a firm to have a female top manager and access to education among women relative to men in the country. The paper combines the literature on women’s careers in management, which has mostly focused on developed countries, with the development literature that has emphasized the importance of access to education. Using firm-level data for 73 developing countries, the analysis finds strong evidence that countries with a higher proportion of female top managers also have higher enrollment rates for women relative to men in primary, secondary, and tertiary education.
- Published
- 2015