Search

This paper examined the available literature on persons with disabilities (PWDs) in Nigeria with respect to empowering them through entrepreneurship. Using the integrative review research method, this paper highlighted some of the barriers faced by PWDs in becoming successful entrepreneurs as well as offered possible solutions/strategies to overcome these barriers. Three databases were searched with search terms carefully coined to generate relevant results. Based on the available literature, the idea of empowerment for the disabled in Nigeria varies across religious and cultural diversity. Empowerment could mean a mandatory religious practice of giving alms ("Zakat") to the most deserving individuals. It could be used as a political tool by people in government offices. Empowerment obliges privileged people to remember the less privileged and disabled in the society. Some of the common barriers faced by PWDs in venturing into entrepreneurship were found to include a lack of entrepreneurial education, discrimination, difficulty in raising start-up capital, and poor enactment/implementation of legislation among others. However, potential solutions to these challenges were found to include the enactment and enforcement of legislation favourable for PWDs to thrive in entrepreneurship, educational investment, provision of accommodating environment, adequate financing, and provision of assistive technology among others. Nigeria still has a long way to go in assisting PWDs to achieve their full potential. Empowerment of PWDs should come in the form of entrepreneurial education with which they can learn to become self-reliant and financially independent.

Beliefs and practices are usually guided by philosophies or thought patterns is the case with the Yoruba who believe and regard formal education in high esteem. This high regard and the level of commitment shown to formal education is founded on "Kí òla mi báa lè dára" (that my future may be bright), a philosophy of educational engagement. This philosophy, over time, has gone through three different phases: the popular phase, the unpopular phase and current phase of review. During the popular phase, the attitude of the Yoruba was mostly towards formal educational engagement. They believed without doubt that formal education was the most effective means to a guaranteed bright future. During the second phase, which is the unpopular phase, the philosophy had lost its appeal because it failed to blend theory with practice. Experience showed that formal education is not the most assured means to a guaranteed future. The current phase, which is the third phase, is a stage of re-examining the philosophy thereby making formal education more appealing to youths. This paper examines "Kí òla mi báa lè dára" as a basis for explaining the early focus on formal education among the Yoruba, and how this philosophy has determined the attitude of the Yoruba towards formal education. To buttress existing literature, a questionnaire was administered and data collected from 300 randomly selected youths between the age of 12 and 18. The questionnaires sought to know the role that formal education had played in ensuring a bright future. The paper concluded that formal education is currently no longer perceived as the key factor to achieving a bright future among youths. It also identified ways of improving on "Kí òla mi báa lè dára" as a philosophy of engagement in formal education.

Adult and Non-formal education provides the opportunities of responding to individual and societal needs through relevant training and education especially, as being challenged by constant technological change and novel knowledge. Adult Education is thus, problem solving. A major problem solving component of Adult Education is the potentials inherent in lifelong learning. The Nigerian National Council for Adult Education anchors both academic and practice of Adult Education in the nation initially, before a seeming decline in its activities. But since the split between the academic and practical practitioners had occurred, Adult Education had received a setback in its programmes. The question is, at a time of high level of inequality, unemployment and underemployment which may be connected with societal inhibitions and the skills received at various educational institutions of which women are the most vulnerable, what are the efforts of NNCAE in redeeming its professional ethics of providing the right education to the citizenry at a dire need? It is in response to these that this paper assesses and critiques the efforts of NNCAE in repositioning Adult and Non-formal Education for relevance in Nigeria. This paper posits that NNCAE is capable of enhancing a better recognition for Adult Education discipline in Nigerian Universities through its "town gown" activities as it will educate the people on the need for gender equity and enhanced skills that could stem unemployment under employment and gender inequity in the society.

The paper investigated inclusive entrepreneurship education programme and its implications for university system effectiveness in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey design. Two research questions were formulated to give direction to the study. The population of the study was made up of all final year students that offered entrepreneurship courses in 2018/2019 academic session in public universities in Cross River State, Nigeria. Out of this population, 650 students were randomly selected as sample of the study. An 11-item questionnaire titled "Inclusive Entrepreneurship Programme Questionnaire" (IEPQ) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation, and Entrepreneurship, from University of Calabar. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha method. This yielded 0.82 coefficient. The data obtained were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. It was found that inadequate basic facilities, poor maintenance culture of the facilities, inadequate programme instructors, and provision of basic entrepreneurship education facilities, employment of enough programme instructors were, among others, the challenges of inclusive education and stakeholders' role in promoting inclusive entrepreneurial education respectively. Consequently, it was recommended that educational stakeholders should intensify and sustain their roles in the administration of inclusive entrepreneurship education programme.

Entrepreneurship and education play a role in enhancing the country's economic state. Entrepreneurship helps the economy by providing job opportunities. The lack of job opportunities has caused unemployment rates to increase tremendously throughout the years making the development rate of a country slow down. One way for the economy to improve is by providing jobs for the unemployed. With technology improving day by day, the need for human labor decreases over time, this is where entrepreneurship comes in. The entrepreneur taking on the challenge of unemployment and provides an occupation for him and for others by being innovative is the act of entrepreneurship. Education is used to inspire entrepreneurship among young graduates in order for them to be able to produce job opportunities for themselves and their peers. Education is also seen as a method to eradicate poverty. Hand in hand, entrepreneurship and education plays a vital role and has been an interest of researchers. Entrepreneurship education is used to educate people with the skills and knowledge needed to be able to seize the opportunity presented. This paper discusses entrepreneurship and economic growth followed by entrepreneurship education along with the efforts and obstacles faced by Europe, China, Malaysia and Nigeria in enhancing entrepreneurship education. The paper intends to provide an understanding on entrepreneurship and its role in economic growth and entrepreneurship education.

Nigerians have always realized that education is the singular factor that brings about national development. The central goal of university education is to prepare one for productive employment. Such employment can be a paid one or a self-employed one. This paper examines the problem militating against university education, its implications for economic development and its products in terms of suitability for the changing environment. The world is changing as a result of technological and economic advancement and this creates peculiar problems and challenges which most Nigerian graduates cannot cope with and this makes them not suitable for employment. This paper emphasizes the need to get Nigerian graduates trained on entrepreneurship skills and knowledge through well planned and executed entrepreneurship education by re-positioning University education. Once this is done, Nigerian graduates will be happy and be fulfilled. They will be productive and committed as employees or employers of labour as they transit to a meaningful life in the world.

Entrepreneurial intention (EI) is one of the major contributing factors to the formation, growth and development of entrepreneurship. It promotes self reliance and brings about initiatives. Entrepreneurship on the other hand, has been considered as an engine of growth for economic growth and development of developed and emerging economies. Academic discussions and policy initiatives are increasing nowadays on the vital role of entrepreneurial development in a society. This has been buttressed by the recent loss of jobs due to 2008-2009 financial crisis as well as increasing unemployment across the globe. In Nigeria, the official rate of unemployment is around 24 percent while 46.5 percent of the youth population are unemployed. The unemployed rate among graduates has increased from 25.6 percent in 2003 to 42.7 percent in 2011. This unwelcome development requires a concerted effort at academic and governmental levels. The objective of this paper is to examine the entrepreneurial intention among University students in Nigeria. This will help to identify entrepreneurial intention which determines behaviour as well as the need to gauge entrepreneurial awareness among the respondents. The paper uses a modified version of Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as the main framework of examining entrepreneurial intention. A sample size of 205 was drawn from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU). Data was analysed using structural equation modeling. The findings show that, entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norm and power of behavioural control are all significant predictors of EI. In addition, other indirect relationships were also found to be significant. Overall the result shows the model fits the the data well.

Architectural practice and education has always been seen by architects and students of the discipline as a tough and demanding terrain. This may be connected to the obvious demands of the training of architects, characterized by long hours of design, drafting, and modelling. This does not end at the schools of architecture but continues through the practice journey. However, some veterans of the profession argue that this is the sure pathway towards success in architecture. This paper aims at providing pathways towards the preservation and sustenance of the relevance of the profession and architectural practice in Nigeria. The paper adopts a qualitative research approach while presenting findings from in-depth interviews of sixteen leading principals of architectural firms drawn from Lagos, Abuja, Benin-city, Enugu and Port Harcourt. The study explores the challenges of the practice environment, the shortcomings of the products from the schools; practice demands and the pathways to being a desirable graduate and architect in practice. The paper concludes with the recommendations that certain areas of study of architecture such as detailing, understanding of planning laws, regulations and entrepreneurship studies in architecture should be given intensified attention in the training institutions. The need for architects to reach out socially through all available media within the ambits of the law to promote commissions while being actively involved in the activities of their professional bodies was found to be a crucial path to practice success. Finally, partnerships and collaborations between architects and firms is assuredly a path towards promoting stronger, healthier and enduring architectural businesses.

Entrepreneurship is one of the key drivers for development in any society. The level of awareness of individual members, of a society, of their capacity to contribute to the economic, social and political development of their society is a key factor in development. A process of creating this self-awareness and the development of individual capacity for creative and innovative thinking, decision making and action/policy implementation should be an integral constituent of what people learn in schools, colleges and universities. The ability of the educational system to provide such training for individuals depends on the availability of the requisite capacity in terms of personnel and other facilities for appropriate transfer of knowledge, skills and building of mindset. Thus, this paper focuses on ways for developing the capacity appropriate for providing entrepreneurship education at all levels of education particularly in Africa. This paper is of the view that a wholesome education integrating entrepreneurship as part of the curriculum will provide the catalytic platform for jumpstarting development in all spheres of life, particularly in the developing world. The paper tries to find out how capacity building for entrepreneurship education has been pursued with particular reference to Nigeria, and opine how best this can be achieved in the light of the perceived lack of entrepreneurial approach to doing things, including in the public service. Also, the low level of entrepreneurship education as exemplified in the number of entrepreneurship courses offered in our Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) and the absence of entrepreneurship as courses of study that award certificates, diplomas and degrees in this part of the world are part of the factors necessitating this paper. Part of the focus of the paper also includes the possibility of inclusion of entrepreneurship in the educational curricula at all levels of education, establishing faculties of entrepreneurship studies in the colleges, polytechnics and the universities. It is obvious that these cannot be achieved without the necessary capacity in terms of personnel and other facilities that facilitate learning. Thus we are canvassing for a holistic approach to developing capacity for this, which should include training and retraining of personnel, including faculty members in the colleges, polytechnics and universities. There should also be a collaborative effort in terms of partnership with universities in the West where entrepreneurship education has taken root and are more developed. Such partnership should also include the private sector and the non-governmental organizations. The increasing economic and social challenges, especially in the developing countries, makes all this imperative.

Entrepreneurship education is introduced into Nigeria educational system to provide the necessary skills, competence, understanding, and prepare the Nigerian graduate for self-reliant, thereby contributing in nation building. This paper examines the effect of entrepreneurship education on self-employment initiatives among science and technology students of Gateway Polytechnic, Saapade Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Data obtained for analyses was obtained through self-administered questionnaires. In addition, simple percentage ranking, correlation and regression analysis techniques were used to analyse the questionnaires. The result obtained indicates that entrepreneurship education is a good policy and it has positive effect on self-employment initiatives. This study recommends that students should be encouraged beyond entrepreneurship school training projects to business ventures start-ups at micro and small-levels. Also, the Polytechnic management should collaborate with existing entrepreneurs and business organizations in providing entrepreneurship training to the students. Lastly, the polytechnic management, the government and other stakeholders can give special recognition, awards and sponsorship assistance as motivation to students whose projects are realistically outstanding. This will stimulate self-employment drives among graduates.

Entrepreneur development takes place within a framework of forces that constitute the system environment, which are either external or internal. A critical issue in the entrepreneurial development and growth is firms' ability to adapt to their strategies to a rapidly changing system environment to which the entrepreneurs' role is critical to the success or failure of such firm. For the entrepreneur to be successful, he must be able to identify and find a useful niche within the large environment where it takes risk, makes strategic business plan and takes/implements decisions. The various institutions and forces which determine the success or failure of the entrepreneur is the habitat also referred to as eco-system or critical factors affecting the entrepreneur who is equally dependent on the stability of the environment within which he operates. Environmental stability exists in various degrees. Strategic management of the environment is required for entrepreneurial development to survive in its varying degrees. Generally, the internal forces that the business eco-system entrepreneur must face and take strategic action to adapt in Nigeria are controllable, while the external forces are generally uncontrollable. This paper limits itself to the socio-cultural factor which impacts seriously on entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. These are general environmental forces that do not directly touch on the short-run activities of the organization but that can, and often do influence its long-run decision. These external factors are: (i) demographic forces, (ii) economic conditions (iii) social and cultural forces, (iv) political and legal forces, and (v) technological innovations. The entrepreneur should understand that both the social (external) and task environment must be monitored to detect the strategic factors that are likely to have strong impacts on corporate success or failure. Based on our findings, we recommend that to increase the legitimacy of entrepreneurship, there should be a change in traditional values which have been assumed to be opposed to entrepreneurial development. The issue of security of lives and property should no longer be left in the hands of the government alone, our traditional rulers and town union governments should bring out measures that will collaborate with the efforts of the government in tackling the issue of insecurity. This is because a secured environment increases investment.

This study investigated entrepreneurship opportunities and Nigerian graduates' unemployment in south-east and south-south geopolitical zones. The study adopted a survey-descriptive design because the events had taken place in their natural course of happening. Two hundred lecturers and Entrepreneurship Development Centers' Staff constituted the stratified random sample drawn from fifteen (15) tertiary institutions from the zones on which an 18-item Likert-type rating scale was administered for data gathering over a period of two weeks with the help of Field Research Assistants. The data were subsequently analyzed with the x2 test of Independence and Cramer's v-statistic to establish a basis for generalization of findings into the larger population as well as application of same to tertiary institutions in other geopolitical zones in Nigeria with the same characteristics as those that obtained in the two geopolitical zones under investigation. Findings revealed that (i) Government and its relevant agencies had taken significant actions to help Nigerian graduates establish enterprises as a strategy for creating employment, reducing poverty and controlling social vices. (ii) The various tertiary education, educational monitoring bodies and individual tertiary institutions significantly prepared Nigerian graduates to adequately identify existing and create new entrepreneurship opportunities. (iii) There was significant proof that Nigerian graduates have acquired necessary entrepreneurship skills for self-employment. One major recommendation was that Government should adopt the step-by-step Entrepreneurship Implementation Model designed by the researchers for effective solution of the problems investigated and reported in this paper.

The paper examined the business competencies required by business education students for entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. To achieve the objective, two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Survey design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 6002 business education students. Six hundred (600) students were selected through satisfied sampling techniques and were used for the study. A structured questionnaire was developed by the researchers. The questionnaire was face-validated by three experts in the Departments of Business and science Education of Ebonyi State University. The internal consistency of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha correlation coefficient and it yielded an index of 0.95. Mean , standard deviation and t-test were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that business education students required management and marketing competencies to function well in the business environment. It was concluded that there was need to put in place the learning facilities that will help the business education students to acquire the competencies stated in the study. It was recommended that each institution training Business Education students for entrepreneurial development should have well qualified training personnel who are well groomed in instilling management and marketing competencies in students.

There is wide claim that employers have a high level of dissatisfaction associated with graduates from Nigeria higher institutions of learning. This paper examines whether graduates of estate management in Nigeria higher institutions have employability skills for productive employment. The study randomly sampled 59 principal partners or heads of practicing of Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in Nigeria. Descriptive analysis such as percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data. The result showed that graduates of estate management have low employability skills to work effectively in estate surveying and valuation firms. The study suggests that employability skills should be taught as one of the topics in the professional practice course or entrepreneurship studies in order to equip graduates of estate management to meet the challenges in the world of work.

Youths from Nigerian schools and tertiary institutions are usually unemployable after schooling because they are not empowered with the required saleable skills to earn them a job or with which to establish as entrepreneurs. This paper examines the relevance of Supervised Agricultural Experience Programme (SAEP) and Work Linked Education (WLE) as being capable of providing marketable and entrepreneur skills required to prevent joblessness among youths in Nigeria. The strategies for implementing SAEP and (WLE) are recommended for adoption for human capacity building and youth empowerment for national development.

In this qualitative study, the authors addresses the complexities of the Nigerian Social Studies teaching context taking into cognizance the pervasive and lecture-based pedagogical process centered on rote learning and memorization. Democracy being a globally enthroned system of government can only endure when the citizens are actively involved by making input into the system of governance. Nigerian educators, particularly Social Studies educators, must rethink their teaching practices that will produce responsible democratic citizens. To achieve this, there is need to guide a transition in the teaching approach from rote learning to critical thinking. This paper therefore advocates for a restructuring of both the curriculum and instructional approach that will give Nigerian students the desired disposition to think for themselves so as to become good citizens in a sustainable democracy.

This paper brings to the fore a realization of the fact that the performance of the products (outputs) of the education system is an index of the inputs into the system. For the students to have enterprising and innovative mindsets, it is important to expose them early to practical entrepreneurial and vocational skills while in school. This study therefore sought to identify what skills are imparted to the students practically and the teaching/learning exercises used. The research design was descriptive survey. Government Secondary Schools (236) in Rivers State, Nigeria constituted the population. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to get a sample size of 70 (30%) senior secondary schools. The total respondents were 140 made up of 70 principals and 70 vice-principals. Three research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. The instrument reliability was established using test re-test method (r-coefficient was 0.82), Mean (X) and standard deviation (SD) were used to answer the research questions and the hypothesis analysed using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Practically the students were taught some vocational skills like agriculture, technical drawing, food and nutrition. The entrepreneurial skills imparted to them are communication skills, personality skills, and digital literacy skills. It was recommended among other things that the students should be exposed to more practical skills. Students centered teaching/learning exercise need to be used to encourage active participation of the student.

Nigeria is richly endowed with both human and material resources that when well utilized can make her one of the richest and developed nation in the world. But poor utilization of the resources, corruption and dwindling fortune in her education system made her among the first twenty five poorest nations in the world. Similarly, report shows that 26% of the employable population remained unemployed. This called for the need for entrepreneurship education most especially at tertiary level where high level manpower is supposed to be trained. It is on this premise that the paper attempts to examine entrepreneurship education and its implication to history students and graduates.

In recent times, the role of entrepreneurs has been recognized to be of great significance in accelerating the pace of growth of economic development of any country. Internet-enabled technologies have also challenged existing business models in numerous market sectors and offered innovation opportunities to a variety of stakeholders--not least SMEs (Small and Medium Scale Enterprises). The focus of this paper is on the development and design of an educational Web-based e-learning platform tool that presents a possible future scenario of a platform for the acquisition of innovative entrepreneurship skills and technology transfer needs of school leavers and graduates from higher institutions of learning. The platform enables the display of various product design and job-related entrepreneurship skills that are capable of bringing together students, teachers, researchers, and experts from industry and economic life. This learning in network promotion of SMEs sector offers students unlimited possibilities to acquire new knowledge and explore business linkages in various dimensions. An important ingredient of the system is a mechanism that gives illumination of basic concepts, procedures, stages, and essential indices for acquiring entrepreneurial skills through content dissemination, monitoring, evaluation, control, and accountability in globalised environment. Other features include provisions for the learning of multiple-instruments used in industries, individual and group tasks, hands-on sessions, games, and organizational learning in entrepreneurship and visual visitation display of industrial sites. The approach is cost-effective and the solution is suitable for a variety of platforms. It could, for example, be used as a platform for acquiring "online degree in entrepreneurship education". With a degree in entrepreneurship, students can develop the basic understanding that they need for starting their own business. This will ultimately promote employability of graduates in the globalised economy. An appendix provides a checklist covering various sectors of the economy. (Contains 2 figures.)

Entrepreneurial training programme has to do with acquiring relevant skills in which an individual has to be sensitized, motivated and guided to achieve self-reliance and self employment. The paper examined the relevance of entrepreneurial training programme in the universities to graduates' productivity. Three null hypotheses were formulated. A sample size of 1200 graduates was randomly selected from the South-South Geo-Political Zone in Nigeria. The instrument used for the study was Entrepreneurial Training Programme in the Universities and Graduates Productivity Questionnaire (ETPUGPQ). The instrument was validated with the help of three experts in vocational education. The corrected version was subjected to the test of reliability using Cronbach Alpha, and the reliability co-efficient stood at 0.85 justifying the use of the instrument. The data obtained were analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression at 0.05 alpha levels. It was found that entrepreneurial training programme in the universities is significantly relevant to graduates' productivity. Therefore, it was concluded and recommended that the government and National University Commission (NUC) should make it compulsory for faculties offering professional courses to encourage students participation in practical works. Also it was recommended that Entrepreneurship Education curriculum should be developed to cater for the vast changing needs of the labour market.

This paper focused on finding out the opinions of three categories of educators viz.: EA (education administrators), GC (guidance counselors), and CT (classroom teachers) on the impact of guidance and counselling services in entrepreneurship development among secondary school students. Three research questions were drawn to ascertain the opinions of the educators used for the study viz.: (1) Can information service on business enterprise motivate students' interest for entrepreneurship? (2) Can counselling on personal-social adjustment equip students for entrepreneurship? and (3) Can guidance on educational and occupational adjustments equip students for entrepreneurship? The sample of the study was composed with simple random sampling technique to include 10 principals and 10 education officers, making up 20 education administrators, 10 guidance counselors, and 100 classroom teachers. In all, there were 130 respondents. A 4-point Likert type scale questionnaire titled "Educators Questionnaire" was used to obtain data for the study. Using Cronbach Alpha internal consistency reliability test, the instrument was confirmed reliable at 0.86. The findings show that guidance and counselling services will enhance students' skills for entrepreneurship development which in turn will boost productivity, sustainable livelihood, and national development. Recommendations on government, GC, and policy-makers on educational matters involvement to reap the full benefits of school guidance programme were proffered. (Contains 3 tables.)

This paper explores the impact of entrepreneurship education on career intentions among 500 students drawn from two universities in Akwa Ibom and Cross River States of Nigeria. The study adopted a survey design. Two research questions and two hypotheses were raised for the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Entrepreneurship Education and Career Intentions Questionnaire (EECIQ). The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and population t-test. Findings highlight that exposure to entrepreneurship education influences career intentions of tertiary school students.

This paper discussed infopreneurship skills as a means toward achieving sustainability in librarianship. The excruciating economic reality prevalent in Nigeria today and globally has compelled librarians and other professional practitioners to consider other means of income to support salary paid job to survive in this era of economic quagmire and also sustain professional relevance in the 21st century. Infopreneurship skills has been identify as skills required to boast economic of a nation and maintaining sustainability in Librarianship, with the advent of information communication technology (ICT) where information is gotten at the fingertip. This paper started with the introduction of the concepts; it discussed the benefits of engaging in infoprenurship by librarians and library and information professionals; if further discussed the importance of infopreneurship, and finally discussed the challenges facing infoprenurs. The paper concluded by saying that infopreneurship is a very vital opportunities that librarians should embraced as means of wealth creation and recommended that policy of practical approach to infoprenuerial skills should be incorporated into the curriculum of library and information science for sustainability in librarianship and national economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current level of unemployment in Nigeria in the recent times has been worrisome, and various advocacies by scholars and policy analysts have suggested that entrepreneurship, especially small and medium scale enterprises could generate employment in the large measures. Meanwhile, inadequate financing has been identified as a strong factor causing a setback to entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, this paper provided empirical answers to whether entrepreneurship financing, from the SMEs perspective could generate employment in Nigeria. In answering the research question, data were extracted from 1992 to 2019 from secondary sources. Consequently, the data passed through various pre-tests such as unit roots and Cointegration tests before it was estimated via the application of Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR). The findings of this study were summarized as follows; the Commercial Banks Loans to SMEs contributed both positive and significant impact to employment generation in Nigeria. Likewise, that Commercial Banks total credits to private sector contributed both positive and significant impact to employment generation in the country. Hence, this study submits that that entrepreneurship (SMEs) financing contributes to employment generation in Nigeria. In the light of the above submission, this study recommends that any time the policymakers in Nigeria desire to address the current devastating level of unemployment in Nigeria, financing of entrepreneurship, especially SMEs should be the priority of the government at levels in the country. And as such, employment generation will be stimulated in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture is a very important predictor of the activities of the entrepreneur. Studies on national culture focus have been on the differences of national culture in different countries with regards to entrepreneurship. Understanding the effect of national culture (individualism, power distance, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance) on entrepreneurship in a single country remains scarce due to a lack of research. Furthermore, the findings of previous studies revealed an inconsistency in the dimensions' effect on entrepreneurial activity with some dimension(s) having a positive or negative relationship. Thus, this paper examined the effect of national culture on entrepreneurial activity in north-west Nigeria because of the presence of differences in culture as it relates to states in the region. A survey was conducted to gather the data. The results revealed that individualism, masculinity, and power distance had a positive effect on entrepreneurial activity. This study also found a positive relationship between uncertainty avoidance and entrepreneurial activity, which is not consistent with the a priori relationship. The findings also suggest that the differences in the states according to national culture variables are not due to chance. Thus, there is a significant difference among the states in relation to the stated dimensions. The study recommends that policymakers create awareness by educating the society of the growing need and importance of entrepreneurial activity. More importantly, policymakers should develop relevant policies that can improve the entrepreneurial spirit of states with negative culture on entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the role which exposure to ICT-based entrepreneurship education could play in reducing Nigeria's extreme poverty and excessive radicalism which have almost outwitted the country since the past two decades. Decision to engage in this exercise emanates from the fact that the negative effects of both activities dangerously impinge human and infrastructural development so excessively with the effect that overall national development could be crippled, while citizens languish in penury and inability to commit to national consciousness. It is the understanding of this brief paper therefore that since the Nigerian youth are often the perpetrators and unsolicited victims of both deplorable activities, there is urgent need to engage them in varieties of skills-based and ICT-related entrepreneurship programmes of education, all with the primary targets of supporting them acquire the lucrative skills they require to operate as self-reliant and economically viable Nigerians. Supported with relevant entrepreneurial skills therefore, this calibre of citizens could create and secure lucrative jobs for themselves, acquire gainful employments, become self-employed citizens, employ other unemployed Nigerians and create wealth to support themselves and family members. Effectively adapted in programmes of school education therefore, Nigeria could be on the right tracks out of poverty and extreme radicalism which seem to wind the nation's pace of development backwards. The qualitative analytical method shall be adopted in this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's Nigeria, employment in organizations has turned upside down due to poor economic situations which do not allow many companies to pay their employees well. There is a need for individuals to look for ways to increase their incomes for meeting financial obligations. The need for hybrid entrepreneurship is critical as well. This paper conducts a review of literature on hybrid entrepreneurship as a tool for poverty reduction. The research employs qualitative research approach and content analysis. The study concludes that, hybrid entrepreneurship is a determinant practice to reduce the rate of poverty in Nigeria. The paper recommends that, hybrid entrepreneurship should be encouraged among the Nigerian citizens so as to reduce the poverty level that has become a problem of Nigerians. Also, every Nigerian should try to get involved or engage in other businesses to augment their incomes so as to achieve their personal and family goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management & Innovation is the property of Wyzsza Szkola Biznesu-National Louis University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The digital age is the age of opportunities and challenges. New jobs are created, old ones are lost; some jobs hitherto done manually are now replaced by modern technologies; and many workers who lack the digital literacy to function in the new environments are phased out. Professionals in many fields are now forced to acquire new knowledge and skills or expand existing ones to remain useful in their fields or careers. With the biting effects of unemployment in Nigeria, there is the need for a deliberate policy to encourage entrepreneurial education to make library professionals and graduates of English in Nigeria to be self-employed and selfreliant. It is in the light of this that this paper sets out to examine the need for the development of a functional editing unit or services within Library and Information Science (LIS) or as a course of study on its own so as to inculcate in Library graduates and graduates of English the professional knowledge, skills and practice of manuscript editing for clients to enhance their financial status, national growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study empirically examined entrepreneurship orientation, entrepreneurship culture and performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Calabar Metropolis. The major objective of the paper was to explore how strategic entrepreneurship practices affect the accomplishment of SMEs goals in Cross River State. The study was anchored on Resource-based theory (RBT). The study used survey research design. Survey research design was employed, and a population of one thousand, two hundred and ninety-four (1294) employees were involved. The study utilized Taro Yamane formula to determine the sample size of 400 employees. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling method. The paper used multiple linear regression technique in testing the two hypotheses. The study revealed a positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and growth of SMEs. Furthermore, it was found that entrepreneurial culture has a negative effect on profitability of SMEs. Also, it was found that strategic resource management has significant effect on the quality of products of SMEs. The researcher supported various findings with suggestions among other things that the managers should continuously incorporate new decision-making strategies, procedures and behaviour that will put the organization into an advantageous position into entering new or established markets with new or existing goods or services. It was also recommended among others that entrepreneurial culture should be strengthened by managers of SMEs in Cross River State in pursuit of firm's performance as well as yielding to the economic growth of Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is primarily motivated by the persistent unemployment rate in Nigeria which is further compounded by low level of vocational/entrepreneurial skills, the consequential effects of which have hindered youth employment in Nigerian. Hence, the pertinent concern of this paper is to investigate the entrepreneurship support intervention mechanism and youth unemployment in Lagos Nigeria. The study employed a survey technique and found that one hundred and nineteen (119) representing 35.5% of the total respondents within the age range of 21-25 and 26-30 years are unemployed in Lagos State also, 116 representing 34.6% of respondents consent that programmes and strategies by government such as NEEDS, better life for rural women and family support programme has helped to reduce the rate of unemployment, although the rate of employed youths in Lagos is still on the high side as youths have failed to guzzle innovation and recognize viable business opportunities in Lagos State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focused on the role of Nigerian bankruptcy law in fostering female entrepreneurship. The study examined how the current bankruptcy law supports female entrepreneurship in Nigeria. This was motivated by the Nigerian government's recent entrepreneurship drive to meet the country's excessive challenge of unemployment and poverty. Five principles were utilised in this study to measure current Nigerian bankruptcy law to evaluate its effect on the female entrepreneurship drive in Nigeria. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology to evaluate legal doctrines and relevant literatures. The study's findings revealed that the present Nigerian bankruptcy law is not entirely favourable to female entrepreneurship. This conclusion was arrived at having measured the Nigerian bankruptcy law against five testable principles. These principles were developed to help as a guide in measuring bankruptcy laws to determine whether they are entrepreneur-friendly. In light of this, recommendations were proffered to reform the current bankruptcy law to introduce better policies that enhance female entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent times have experienced a geared interest towards entrepreneurship. This is because of its global capacity for socioeconomic growth and development. Developing countries are therefore focusing on entrepreneurship as a useful instrument for their economic development. Nigeria is not left out in this for the fact that it uses entrepreneurship education as a tool for inculcating entrepreneurial mindset in the youth. The Nigerian government has mandated a compulsory inclusion of entrepreneurship education into the curriculum of higher educational institutions and this is a step towards development. This paper hypothesizes that entrepreneurship education can serve as a useful tool for reducing unemployment in Nigeria and the effect of entrepreneurship education was tested using two variables (entrepreneurship attitude and intention). Test results show that entrepreneurship education is a viable tool for reducing unemployment in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the paper is give substantiations of social technologies as means of curbing the problem. In particular, the role of the media as an instrument of attraction of Nigerian young people to participate in entrepreneurship. Reflection of entrepreneurial perspectives of Nigerian youth are stated from the viewpoint of two competing theories - neoliberal and political-economic theories. The first of them provides an explanation of informal entrepreneurship as a result of rational decision of economical subjects to work in informal economics by reason of burdensome regulatory environment; the second explains the work of entrepreneurs in informal economy by insufficient state interference, limited capability of consultations and remote possibility of small business support at initial stage of its development. It is shown that in Nigeria these theories are rather complementary than competing. The clear evidence of this statement are empirical observations. The author's research is based on two assumptions of agenda-setting theory: the first is that the press and the media do not reflect reality, they filter and shape it; the second is that media concentration on a few issues and subjects leads the public to perceive those issues as more socially important than other issues. Based on this theory, it can be argued that if the media set proper agenda on the issue, it will have effect on construction of relative worldview attitudes of the youth. In the conclusion it is shown that entrepreneurship in Nigeria is considered as promising method of creating workplaces for unemployed school and higher education graduates, therefore attraction of young people to the entrepreneurship can tackle the humanitarian challenges that the country is facing. Over the course of many years the governmental policy of Nigeria did not succeed in creating favorable institutional environment for the entrepreneurship development. The climate that is present there nowadays is the main deterrent in process of self-sufficiency and creation of economic autonomy, what leads to increase of unemployment, vandalism and other social defects in the young country. The media is the factor that influences on the development of the entrepreneurship by means of creating relevant discourse, which transmits values and images ascribed to entrepreneurship, encourages an entrepreneurial spirit in the society and becomes an instrument of attraction of youth to participate in entrepreneurship. Possible media technologies of support to the entrepreneurial activities are outlined, in particular: regular reporting the success stories of entrepreneurs; transmitting entrepreneurial activity values among the youth by means of creating special media product; creating documentaries with the purpose to promote the entrepreneurship and demonstrate positive dynamics of its development; stimulation the government and banking sector to give preferential credits to future entrepreneurs through the use of corresponding advertisement tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the entrepreneurship awareness and skills among Library and Information Science (LIS) students in two Nigerian Universities. In Nigeria, the overcrowded job market is forcing thousands of graduates into unemployment and its associated consequences of kidnapping, drug addiction, youth restiveness and general poor standard of living. This has made it imperative that graduates be equipped with skills that are required to achieve self-reliance. With appropriate skills, LIS students as information professionals will be at the vanguard of information generation and reaping its employment opportunities in libraries, companies and corporate organizations. Specifically examined in this paper were the level of entrepreneurship awareness and characteristics of an entrepreneur, LIS entrepreneurship opportunities created by information and communications technology (ICT), LIS modern and entrepreneurship skills, problems associated with entrepreneurship and skills in LIS and the strategies for enhancing entrepreneurship awareness and skills in LIS. Descriptive survey design was adopted in which one hundred and ten (110) final year and masters students of the department of library and information science in the two Universities were purposively sampled using a researcher-structured questionnaire. Frequency tables, means and simple percentages were used to analyze data. Findings showed that up to 70% of the students were not aware of entrepreneurship opportunities within LIS. Moreover these students are yet to develop the culture and mindset toward entrepreneurship, because of inadequate education and training. The paper recommends that entrepreneurship courses and practical training in various aspects of ICT be included in the LIS curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is increased interest in the capacity of US immigrants to contribute to their homelands via entrepreneurship and philanthropy. However, there has been little research examining how immigrant physicians may support health systems and what factors facilitate or raise barriers to increased support.Methods: This study used an observational design with paper questionnaire and interview components. Our sample was drawn from attendees of a 2011 conference for US Based Nigerian physicians; respondents who were not US residents, physicians, and of Nigerian birth or parentage were excluded from further analysis. Respondents were randomly selected to complete a follow-up interview with separate scripts for those having made past financial contributions or medical service trips to support Nigerian healthcare (Group A) and those who had done neither (Group B). Survey results were analyzed using Fischer exact tests and interviews were coded in pairs using thematic content analysis.Results: Seventy-five of 156 (48 %) individuals who attended the conference met inclusion criteria and completed the survey, and 13 follow-up interviews were completed. In surveys, 65 % percent of respondents indicated a donation to an agency providing healthcare in Nigeria the previous year, 57 % indicated having gone on medical service trips in the prior 10 years and 45 % indicated it was "very likely" or "likely" that they would return to Nigeria to practice medicine. In interviews, respondents tended to favor gifts in kind and financial gifts as modes of contribution, with medical education facilities as the most popular target. Personal connections, often forged in medical school, tended to facilitate contributions. Individuals desiring to return permanently focused on their potential impact and worried about health system under-preparedness; those not desiring permanent return centered on how safety, financial security and health systems issues presented barriers.Conclusions: This study demonstrates several mechanisms by which health systems may benefit from expatriate engagement. Greater identification of reliable local partners for diaspora, deeper collaboration with those partners and a focus on sustainable interventions might improve the quantity and impact of contributions. Ethnic medical associations have a unique role in organizing and facilitating diaspora response. Public-private partnerships may help diaspora negotiate the challenges of repatriation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is to examine the influence of business innovation, business expansion, product and service development, working capital, and machinery and equipment requirement on financing choices in the western part of Nigeria. To determine the effect on financing choices, a logistic regression analysis was used. The results, in an impressive manner, indicate that entrepreneurs, essentially with working capital (WC), machinery and equipment (ME) requirements, and business innovation (BI), use internal funding sources, while business expansion (BE) and product and service (PS) development lean toward external funding sources, and more established and larger firms utilize debt financing. The approach and experiential findings offer an unprecedented degree of investigation of previous studies of Nigerian entrepreneurs. Similarly, the experimental results will strengthen entrepreneurs' knowledge, awareness, and perception. Through their own capabilities, entrepreneurs can prepare and adapt in accordance with the business conditions in which they conduct business, and this work may help them in their choice procedure regarding the capital structure of their organization in the midst of a period when the question of entrepreneur funding is gradually emerging in the Nigerian climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to assess the role of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) as a catalyst to all things good in great economies; however, sadly, Nigeria has been unable to unlock SME development and the many benefits. The paper's examination revolves around SMEs and entrepreneurial development, employment generation, government policies and financial aid and its availability. With the intention of establishing the relevance of government role in creating vibrant economies via thriving SMEs and its ripple effect on employment generation. Design/methodology/approach - The study adopts a survey design, using a questionnaire for data gathering and percentile, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) for data analysis. Findings - The study established a significant direct relationship between entrepreneurship development and infrastructure development and employment generation. Also, there was a significant direct relationship between government policies and infrastructure development. However, surprisingly, there was an insignificant relationship between government policy and financial aid and accessibility. Practical implications - The government's role in SMEs' survival and entrepreneurship development is invaluable. The government must live up to their bidding and create an enabling environment to promote SME and entrepreneurship growth. Only this will transform the economy and minimize unemployment to its barest minimum. Originality/value - The study's research model is an interesting contribution to the body of work in SME and entrepreneurship development. The study is also an original attempt at having a good representation of the South-Western part of Nigeria, as research in high impact journals is usually domiciled in one state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cimexus is the property of Revista CIMEXUS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)