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Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the most contested issues in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election was immigration: in particular, irregular migration across the U.S. border with Mexico. This paper seeks to examine the extent to which the securitization of immigration is an "isolated phenomenon" endemic to the Trump Administration, as opposed to a reality of U.S. policymaking that has pervaded previous administrations. By contrasting the immigration platform of the current administration with that of its predecessor, led by Barack Obama, this paper will assert that, despite the intensification of rhetoric against irregular migrants, much of the Trump Administration's response to immigration from the Southern border has been informed by, and is directly continuous with, actions taken by Obama between 2008 and 2016. It will argue that the same three factors: the post 9-11 conception of migration as an inherent threat, the deportation regime and the securitization (and sometimes militarization) of the southern border, have rendered the last decade of American immigration policy more or less consistent, despite vastly different stated ideological underpinnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the extent to which socio-political narratives about the U.S. and Mexico are circulated via Mexican headlines between the years 2000-2015, and questions if calculated jargon is orchestrated and distributed to serve national socio-political interests. It examines whether discursive formations represented by newspaper headlines function as a type of conformist, antipathetic, reproachful, and/or reclamative narrative producer that generates sentiment in the same manner that the Latino Threat Narrative, theorized by Leo Chavez, produces self-serving iterations of Latino (specifically Mexican) personification in the U.S. It then discusses the importance that geography has had in developing a political narrative within Mexico and proceeds to discuss how threat narratives are constructed with such historiography in mind. Finally, it analyzes headline jargon in the Mexican periodicals El Norte, Reforma, and Mural between 2000-2015. It is the intent of this paper to outline what function headline jargon serves in Mexican narrative arenas, and to examine whether the way they challenge the U.S. reconstitutes a Mexican identity, or establishes completely different priorities and socio-political agendas. Specific deliberation of Mexican print media geared towards a Mexican audience is absent from discussions on how the LTN and its counter-narrative effort operate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper finds that minimum wages of the United States and Mexico measured carefully in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) help explain the well-documented post-2010 fall in Mexico-U.S. migration. Declining inequality also plays a role since the purchasing power of the minimum wage increased relative to the average wage in Mexico. Using time-series data, we find two positive partial correlations between minimum wages and net migration: one driven by wage differentials between the two countries and the other by wage inequality in Mexico. However, these results are found to be mediated through migrant social networks. Though relative wages are a classic migration driver, this paper is the first to explore the full minimum-average wage nexus. One clear policy implication of these results is that maintaining the real purchasing power of minimum wages helps reduce migration. An in-depth analysis is needed to demonstrate the causality of these correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the Trump administration's violent practices toward Central American and Mexican asylum-seeking families as a defensive response to the legal framework that grants them this protection tool in their relationship with the State. Through in-depth interviews and participant observation with migrant families in Tijuana during 2017-2020, it is concluded that the various measures implemented sought to limit asylum as a right and to configure an illegal subject based on suspicion, criminalization, and trauma. In this way, it was sought to reverse the character of legality that protects asylum seekers and rebuild a dominant vertical relationship of racialized subjection. The analysis seeks to contribute to migration studies by understanding the tension between the legality of asylum and the Trump administration's actions to disrupt this framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of human out-migration on long-standing commons institutions in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca. Local communities have been increasingly engaged with national and international markets for wage labour, with many losing a significant percentage of their resident populations. This paper shows how demographic and cultural change is impacting the two social institutions-cargos and tequios-that underpin the highly autonomous form of governance the region is famed for. The loss of able-bodied men and women has meant that these customary systems are struggling to remain operational. A number of responses and institutional adaptations have been introduced by community authorities, including the forging of translocal ties that show potential for reducing the vulnerability of affected villages. While migration was temporary or circular from the 1970s to the 1990s, more permanent forms of migration have come to dominate since that time. Such a shift undermines adaptation efforts at the community level. Within this context, the lessons for commons theory are discussed, while a new layer of complexity is added to the body of work examining the consequences of rural depopulation on Mexican village life and landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role of migration networks in determining self-selection patterns of Mexico-U.S. migration. A simple theoretical framework shows the impact of networks on migration incentives at different education levels and how this affects the composition of migrant skills. Empirically, we find positive or education-neutral selection in communities with weak migrant networks but negative self-selection in communities with stronger networks. This is consistent with high migration costs driving positive or intermediate self-selection, as advocated by Chiquiar and Hanson (2005), and with negative self-selection being driven by lower returns to education in the United States than in Mexico, as advocated by Borjas (1987). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews changes in homogamy by migration status and educational level in Monterrey, Mexico, through the analysis of marriage patterns for two cohorts of men born in 1905–1934 and 1940–1969. Results show a significant increase in educational homogamy, as well as in homogamy by rural origins. The changes suggest that education has played an increasingly important role in the process of mate selection, although certain particularistic characteristics, such as being a rural immigrant, are still important in marriage formation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the relationship between homogamy and social stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2017, a rising number of Cameroonians fleeing political persecution have come to the US via its border with Mexico. This paper takes an autoethnographic approach to reflect on questions of anti-Blackness and the US border regime through the personal experience of a Cameroonian man. The first part contextualizes conditions that have fueled the forced migration of Cameroonians in recent years. This is followed by an introspective account of how the US immigration system disproportionately targets African and Black immigrants for detention and deportation. Concluding remarks point to a politics of resistance that emerges out of the shared bonds of oppression and solidarity forged among African immigrants, particularly Cameroonians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to show the sociocultural adaptation strategy of a group of mestizo migrants from Chiapas residing in "Buenavistita," Laurel, Maryland, U.S. The methodology is qualitative, based on interviews and participant observation. The findings allow us to argue that the migratory experience forces them to loosen their identity boundaries inward the ethnic group to reconstitute themselves, survive away, and maintain their Mexican mestizo status. Resulting in the formation of territorial enclaves where they identified against those who label them as illegal, this being the way to defend themselves in a racialized society. This work contributes empirically to migration studies with the case of Chiapanecos mestizos. Although we conclude that the enclave is for them a refuge area, little can be said about other experiences of migrants from Chiapas around ethnicity and the blend of cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into an analysis of illegality in migration, from a migrant perspective. To do this, established and assimilated historical practices in selected groups of Mexican migrants were analyzed according to immigration status and settlement area. The argument presented here is that illegality has a functional character for the reproduction of the migrant trajectory. This is demonstrated using a comparative analysis of the way migrants' decisions allow them to integrate their trajectories into two contexts which show unequal development. Such integration determines its functionality independently of the existence of restrictive migration policies in nation-state contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ra Ximhai is the property of Universidad Autonoma Indigena de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletin Científico Sapiens Research is the property of Sapiens Research Group EU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Desde el Jardín de Freud is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Escuela de Estudios en Psicoanalisis y Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the relationship between migration and marriage by describing how the distributions of marital statuses and assortative mating patterns vary by individual and community experiences of migration. In Mexico, migrants and those living in areas with high levels of out-migration are more likely to be in heterogamous unions. This is because migration increases the relative attractiveness of single return migrants while disproportionately reducing the number of marriageable men in local marriage markets. In the United States, the odds of homogamy are lower for migrants compared with nonmigrants; however, they do not vary depending on the volume of migration in communities. Migrants are more likely than nonmigrants to 'marry up' educationally because the relatively small size of this group compels them to expand their pool of potential spouses to include nonmigrants, who tend to be better educated than they are. Among migrants, the odds of marrying outside of one's education group increase the most among the least educated. In Mexican communities with high rates of out-migration, the odds of marrying outside of one's education group are highest among those with the highest level of education. These findings suggest that migration disrupts preferences and opportunities for homogamy by changing social arrangements and normative climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the initial findings of on-going research with Mexican migrants and immigrants to Alaska. The paper outlines the historical and on-going connections between Alaska and Mexico and explores how and why those connections have been obscured or ignored. Powerful imaginaries are associated with places: Alaska, and 'the north' more generally, and Latin America, and Mexico specifically. My research shows how interesting things happen when they are brought together through movement. People from Acuitzio del Canje, Michoacán began travelling to Alaska (Anchorage, and elsewhere) to work in the 1950s, and movement between Mexico and Alaska has continued across generations since then. Today, many Acuitzences who live in Anchorage maintain a close relationship with friends and family members in Acuitzio, and travel back and forth regularly. However, this movement is obscured by ideological work that makes Alaska seem separate, isolated, wild, and a place where Mexicans are not imagined to be. Mexican movements into Alaska over time disrupt this vision, showing how Alaska is connected to multiple other geographies, and making the US-Mexico border a salient reference point in everyday life in Anchorage. When the South moves into the north, it can make us think about both 'Alaska' and 'Mexico' in different ways. When the US-Mexico border is relocated to Anchorage, if only for a moment, it can elicit a reaction of humour or surprise. Why is that? And what does this have to do with how people actually live in an interconnected place? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of migration on educational attainment in rural Mexico. Using historical migration rates to instrument for current migration, we find evidence of a significant negative effect of migration on schooling attendance and attainment. IV-censored ordered probits show that living in a migrant household lowers the chances of boys completing junior high school and of boys and girls completing high school. We find that the observed decrease in schooling of 16- to 18-year-olds is accounted for by current migration of boys and increased housework for girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the consequences of parental migratory strategies for children in three types of Mexican families: those living with their migrant parents in the United States, those living with parents who migrated and returned to Mexico, and those living in Mexico with parents who have never migrated. Using data on 804 children from the Health and Migration Survey (HMS), we found significant differences in children’s health across the three types of families. Results also revealed robust effects on child health of the size of immediate and extended social networks and migration experience after controlling for potential mediators such as mother’s general health, receipt of social support, and child’s age and sex. Findings suggest that social networks and migration affect children in complex ways, offering health benefits to those with migrant parents in U.S. households but not to those living with parents who migrated in the past and returned to Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource regimes are complex social-ecological systems that operate at multiple levels. Using data from two distinct cultural and environmental contexts (Mexico and India), this paper looks at the susceptibility and response of such regimes to rural out-migration. As a driver of demographic and cultural change, out-migration impacts both the practices and institutional arrangements that define territorial resource use and management. The research shows that critical yet poorly recognised shifts in migration dynamics can increase the pressures felt locally and serve to reduce the effectiveness of institutional adaptations at the community level. From an environmental perspective, the research adds to the body of work examining the impacts of rural depopulation on land and seascapes and associated biological diversity. We question the assumption that rural-urban migration necessarily simulates ecosystem recovery and aids conservation. This finding is timely as funding agencies and government programs show belated interest in the consequences of out-migration for environmental management, resource use and rural livelihoods in tropical country settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine net emigration from Mexico over the period 1960 to 2000. The data are consistent with labor supply shocks having made a substantial contribution to Mexican emigration, accounting for two-fifths of Mexican labor flows to the United States over the last two decades of the twentieth century. Net emigration rates by Mexican state birth year cohort display a strong positive correlation with the initial size of the Mexican cohort relative to the corresponding U.S. cohort. In states with long histories of emigration, the effects of cohort size on emigration are relatively strong, consistent with the existence of preexisting networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the effect of adult Mexican child migration to the United States on the health of elderly parents left behind in Mexico. The article notes that research on this topic is important in light of the fact that Mexico has a rapidly aging population. The article also notes that conventional thought would indicate that the flow of remittances from the immigrant children would improve the lives of remaining parents. The author reports that her research on this topic indicates that such an elderly parent left in Mexico will be in poor physical and mental health.

The rapid growth of international migration and remittances has led to a wealth of research examining these trends. One of these lines of research attempts to determine the relationship between migration, remittances and the adoption of "Green Revolution" high yield variety (HYV) seeds. This literature proposes that migration and remittances may increase HYV use by reducing household risk and credit constraints. Given the large scale of both migration and remittances, getting an accurate measurement of these impacts is crucial to designing and implementing policies in rural areas. This paper examines the relationship between migration, remittances and agricultural technology. The credit and risk hypotheses are tested using data from the Mexican Migration Project. The main focus of the paper is examining the issue of endogeneity with respect to migration and remittances. When the probit approach is tested, evidence of endogeneity bias with respect to migration and remittances is found. The risk and credit hypotheses are then tested with two-stage and three-stage analyses, in order to address the problem of endogeneity. The results are found to be significantly different when methodologies are employed to deal with endogeneity; suggesting this is an issue that needs to be addressed. Overall, the results find some evidence to support both the credit and risk hypotheses; although the results for the risk hypothesis are more mixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the decision to migrate from Mexico to the US, concentrating on the impacts of market and non-market factors. We analyze the first migration decisions of male, illegal migrants using Mexican Migration Project data. The results indicate that income and migration networks have significant effects on migration probabilities for first-time, male migrants. Both absolute and relative income matter in the migration decision; however, absolute income appears to have a stronger influence on this decision than does relative income. Other important factors in the migration decision are the age, education, and marital status of potential migrants.Eastern Economic Journal (2009) 35, 144–159. doi:10.1057/eej.2008.3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios de Cultura Maya is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas - UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent research suggests that the favorable mortality outcomes for the Mexican immigrant population in the United States may largely be attributable to selective out-migration among Mexican immigrants, resulting in artificially low recorded death rates for the Mexican-origin population. In this paper we calculate detailed age-specific infant mortality rates by maternal race/ethnicity and nativity for two important reasons: (1) it is extremely unlikely that women of Mexican origin would migrate to Mexico with newborn babies, especially if the infants were only afew hours or afew days old; and (2) more than 50% of all infant deaths in the United States occur during the first week of life, when the chances of out-migration are very small. We use concatenated data from the U.S. linked birth and infant death cohort files from 1995 to 2000, which provides us with over 20 million births and more than 150,000 infant deaths to analyze. Our results clearly show that first-hour, first-day, and first-week mortality rates among infants born in the United States to Mexican immigrant women are about 10% lower than those experienced by infants of non-Hispanic, white U.S.-born women. It is extremely unlikely that such favorable rates are artificially caused by the out-migration of Mexican-origin women and infants, as we demonstrate with a simulation exercise. Further, infants born to U.S.-born Mexican American women exhibit rates of mortality that are statistically equal to those of non-Hispanic white women during the first weeks of life and fare considerably better than infants born to non-Hispanic black women, with whom they share similar socioeconomic profiles. These patterns are all consistent with the definition of the epidemiologic paradox as originally proposed by Markides and Coreil (1986). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the public health system's differential construction of Mexican and Cuban immigrants' "deservingness" of citizenship benefits and its preparation of them for different roles in U.S. society. Civic institutions such as the public health care system are charged with inculcating normative behavior in immigrants and instilling in them different conceptions about their rights and responsibilities. Faced with limited resources under the implementation of Medicaid managed care, hospital administrators created new categories of "deserving" and "undeserving" immigrants based on neoliberal standards of individual responsibility and self-discipline. As a result, hospital policies construct different types of "cultural citizenship" for Cuban and Mexican immigrants, preparing the former to be active citizens and discouraging the latter from pressing demands on American civil institutions. I show that this negative construction of Mexican immigrants' moral worth leads to unmet health needs and poor health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environment & Urbanization is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract--In this paper, we examine the impact of enforcement of the U.S.-Mexico border on wages in U.S. and Mexican border regions. The U.S. Border Patrol polices U.S. boundaries, seeking to apprehend any undocumented entrants. It concentrates its efforts on the Mexican border. We examine labor markets in border areas of California, Texas, and Mexico. For each region, we have high-frequency data on wages and person-hours the U.S. Border Patrol spends policing the border. For a range of empirical specifications and definitions of regional labor markets, we find little impact of border enforcement on wages in U.S. border cities and a moderate negative impact of border enforcement on wages in Mexican border cities. These findings are consistent with two hypotheses: border enforcement has a minimal impact on illegal immigration, and illegal immigration from Mexico has a minimal impact on wages in U.S. border areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large corpus of works on migration, from different disciplines within the Social Sciences, provide data on the causes and consequences of the migration phenomenon that transcends national borders. However, it should be stated that the psychosocial, sociocultural and symbolic aspects of young immigrant children as well as their human rights have not been explored significantly neither in the past nor in present times. In regions with comprehensive immigration tradition elucidates many of the consequences of this problem, why, it becomes privileged field of sociological, anthropological, psychological and historiographical phenomenon of child experimentation sector in international migration. This preliminary work analyzes theoretical aspects on young children's migration, provides official statistics on the topic as well as the reasons and the impact of such a phenomenon. Also, this paper informs the reader on children's human rights in terms of migration policies. This work opens theoretical and methodological paths to reflect more on this vulnerable population in Guanajuato, Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents estimates showing that 2 million undocumented aliens were included in the 1980 census; of these, 1.1 million were born in Mexico. The estimates are developed by comparing estimates of aliens counted in the 1980 census with estimates of the legally resident alien population, based principally on data collected by the Immigration and Naturalization Service in January 1980. Estimates are presented by age, sex, and period of entry for all aliens residing in the United States and for selected countries of origin, including Mexico. They provide a framework for assessing the total number of undocumented aliens in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable wealth stratification exists between U.S.-born and foreign-born populations (Campbell and Kaufman 2006), with low wealth attainment documented among Mexican immigrants (Hao 2007). High rates of Mexican return migration (Azose and Raftery 2019) suggest that nonrandom selection into return migration on wealth is a potential driver of stratification. Existing theories do not conclusively predict asset accumulation among returnees versus stayers, and empirical research on return migration and wealth stratification is scarce. Combining data from the 2000 U.S. Health and Retirement Study and the 2001 Mexican Health and Aging Study to create a novel data set representing allMexicans aged 50 and older with a history of migration to the United States and adopting a life course perspective, I find that return migration at younger and older ages is associated with higher wealth accumulation and might be a way to maximize assets at older ages. Thus, return migration may contribute to nativitybased wealth stratification in the United States. The study's findings point to the greater financial risks for new cohorts of immigrants aging in place, suggest caution in interpreting wealth stratification as a measure of mobility, and inform theories about the links between return migration and wealth across the life course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migraciones is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papeles de Población is the property of Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This papers aims to provide a socio-legal account of the impact of Monterrey’s legal regulation on migrants and human rights in the lives of thousands of migrants in an irregular situation coming from Central American. On the one hand, the Law on Migration was analyzed from the perspective of the human rights constitutional reform of 2011. On the other hand, a qualitative research was done, finding evidence of the inefficacy of the new law. It is argued that the attainment of the new law objectives’ requires a change in the anti-migrant institutional legal culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study uncovers how controversial issues such as the recent influx of refugees and immigrants were being addressed in upper elementary classrooms on the United States (US) side of the US/Mexico border. Public school administrators and sixth-grade teachers from two school sites participated. Transborder pedagogy contextualized the findings of the research. With the COVID-19 pandemic, classroom discussions of border issues have been superseded with other concerns. This research underscores the immediacy of transborder pedagogy during times of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the effects on poverty reduction and migration of a conditional cash transfer program in Mexico named Oportunidades (previously Progresa). This program, the first in Latin America and the most imitated of its kind, was intended to increase human capital, which would eventually translate into poverty reduction. Linear and non-linear panel models are used to explore whether there are any such effects, and the implications for the effectiveness and evaluation strategies of the program. No significant effects of Progresa-Oportunidades in reducing income poverty or affecting international migration were found at the rural level. However, there is a weak effect in the case of domestic migration. As data continues to become available through Mexico's official Secretariat of Social Development, there will be more opportunities for further exploration of the relationship between this program, poverty alleviation, and migration outcomes. Limitations and further recommendations for this study are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criticizes the article "Undocumented Migration From Mexico: Some Geographical Questions," by Richard C. Jones that was previously published in the 1982 issue of the "Annals of the Association of American Geographer." Inappropriateness of the index used in relation to the substance of the paper; Defects in the statistical measure employed; Suggestions for geographers to address the issue with techniques better suited with the analysis.

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Politics in Latin America is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to show the difficulties and methodological and conceptual challenges that contemporary migration pose to social sciences. In this sense, we present the case study of Zapotec migrants from Teotitlan del Valle, a community whose boundaries seem imprecise and deterritorialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1920s some 3,800 Mennonites who had settled in Manitoba in the 1870s left their farms to migrate to the Bustillos Valley of northern Mexico. While conflict over education was the main stimulus for the move, this paper argues that the migration also offered an opportunity to restore the system of land tenure Mennonites had practiced in Imperial Russia. Conservative Mennonites had reified a tsarist-imposed system of semi-communal land tenure, making it a requirement of faithful religious and social practice. These sensibilities were, however, incompatible with the land tenure system of the new Dominion of Canada giving rise to tension and conflict. When migration became a reality, conservative Mennonites sought to reestablish the colony and village tenure system by seeking a block sale of their individual lands in Manitoba and by purchasing land in Mexico under colony title, thereby restoring semi-communal land tenure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tried to offer a political reading –in terms of educational policies– of 15 years of research on international migrant children and adolescents. From this investigative journey, the paper draws some lessons learned for defining the challenges the Mexican school system is facing or is going to face in the future. We mean challenges related with policies designing, curricular and planning definitions, training teachers (preparatory or in-service), content selection and/or school operation’s rules. The main source of our data is four surveys we conducted in Nuevo León, Zacatecas, Puebla, and Jalisco that allowed us to get information from students enrolled in elementary and mid-high schools. From the surveys, we estimate the volume of students participating in the international migration flows. The article focuses in three sub-populations: transnational students (those who have been enrolled in the U.S. and Mexican schools), binational children (those who were born in the U.S.) and children left behind (those who stay in Mexico while their parents and siblings are living in the U.S.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is based on ethnographic work about migration, which took place in the colony of Lechería in Mexico State. It seeks to understand the problems of discrimination, exclusion and violence that arise in the relations between the inhabitants of the colony and migrants on their way to U.S.A. Based on the tenets of psychoanalysis, the text discusses the notions of discrimination and violence in relation to language, as well as the discourses of science and capitalism as catalysts for the phenomena associated with mass segregation. This paper proposes a dialogue on the commonalities between the psychoanalyst and the social researcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fair Trade in Mexico as a tool for rural development? Taking Mexico as an example, this paper examines the potential of Fair Trade as a rural development strategy. It is argued that Fair Trade's impact on rural development needs to be analyzed in the context of other income strategies that the rural poor pursue. I discuss migration and participation in Fair Trade as different possibilities to generate income in rural areas and assess their abilities to stimulate rural development. My findings suggest that participation in Fair Trade results in some positive effects on the livelihoods of the rural population. These effects stem from strengthening Fair Trade Cooperatives and the existence of broader Mexican Fair Trade Institutions. Whereas Fair Trade includes some possibilities for rural development, I argue that, nevertheless, Fair Trade has to be combined with broader and multiple development strategies to substantially improve rural livelihoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On this work we propose a study on migration, beginning with the revision of the social condition of these Central American emigrants while passing through Mexico, while the violations to their human rights are exposed. This previous idea is developed under the base that even though, migration is not a recent fact, it is a social phenomenon with several transformations in the national policies, as well as, in the reconfiguration of Mexican society. This is the reason why, before this phenomenon dynamic, we propose a different vision that allows the consolidation of this culture of respect to human rights, as well as, an adjustment of the legal framework in order to achieve the highest effectiveness of the regulation, accepting it not only in the paper, but also as a reality that guarantees the legal framework the well being of individuals above some illegal conducts contrary to their human rights, encouraging a combination of acceptance and tolerance to allow harmonic social coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A declining agricultural sector and decades of US migration have transformed Atotonilco El Bajo, Mexico into what local residents call "the ghost town." More recently, Atotonilco's increasing connections to nearby Guadalajara are prompting a shift in local development discourse towards one that is more focused on regional integration than transnational migration. These changes are broadly reflective of a "new rurality" in Latin America, an intensified process of spatial and economic transformation that is blurting the line between rural and urban. Drawing from transnational ethnographic research, this paper calls for "new rurality" studies to more explicitly engage with locally-contingent development discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In Mexico, the "in-charge" system has historically been represented by men. However, when the men emigrate towards the United States, the responsibility can fall on the women of the family. The aim of this paper is to identify changes in the gender relations between women and men in charge of organizing the festivity of the Virgin of Guadalupe on December 12 in La Laja, Queretaro, Mexico, in a context of international masculine migration. It is an ethnographic study on this festivity through direct participant observation and in-depth interviews. In the absence of their husbands, women make individual and group decisions in order to fulfill their religious duties. Because of these new responsibilities, there would seem to be some elements that empower women. Nevertheless, the traditional gender relations keep on being reproduced, undermining the advances made towards the women's autonomy. The women's compulsory participation in the "in-charge" system subjects them to further feminization of gender inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]