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• 52 tensile coupons of high-performance bolt material are tested. • Effects of test strain-rate on the elevated temperatures are clarified. • Elevated-temperature behaviour of the steel is elucidated at microstructure level. • Prediction equations are proposed for elevated-temperature performance. • Constitutive model of full-range stress-strain relation is developed. Mechanical properties of steel at elevated temperatures are critical to the fire-resistant analysis and the fire safety design of steel structures. Thus, one solution for improving the fire resistance is use of high-performance (HP) steel, such as fire-resistant (FR) steel. However, practical use of the FR steel in steel structures implies requirements of sufficient fire resistance for the high-strength (HS) bolts as well, so that the loading capacities of bolted connections commonly used in steel structures can be guaranteed in case of fire. In this paper, material properties of grade 10.9 HP bolts recently developed in China, possessing both fire resistance and corrosion resistance, are tested at various elevated temperatures. Their stress-strain curves, modulus of elasticity, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation percentage after fracture are obtained. These results are compared with that of conventional HS bolts and with reduction factors given in national standards. Constitutive models and prediction equations of the HP bolts at elevated temperatures are proposed. Besides, the relationship between degradation in macro mechanical properties and change in microstructure is clarified. The research outcomes may provide essential bases for the fire response analysis of steel structures applying the FR steel and the HP bolts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]