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Citation analysis is used extensively in the bibliometrics literature to assess the impact of individual works, researchers, institutions, and even entire fields of study. In this article, we analyze citations in one large and influential field within computer science, namely computer systems. Using citation data from a cross-sectional sample of 2,088 papers in 50 systems conferences from 2017, we examine four research areas of investigation: overall distribution of systems citations; their evolution over time; the differences between databases (Google Scholar and Scopus), and; the characteristics of self-citations in the field. On citation distribution, we find that overall, systems papers were well cited, with the most cited subfields and conference areas within systems being security, databases, and computer architecture. Only 1.5% of papers remain uncited after five years, while 12.8% accrued at least 100 citations. For the second area, we find that most papers achieved their first citation within a year from publication, and the median citation count continued to grow at an almost linear rate over five years, with only a few papers peaking before that. We also find that early citations could be linked to papers with a freely available preprint, or may be primarily composed of self-citations. For the third area, it appears that the choice of citation database makes little difference in relative citation comparisons, despite marked differences in absolute counts. On the fourth area, we find that the ratio of self-citations to total citations starts relatively high for most papers but appears to stabilize by 12–18 months, at which point highly cited papers revert to predominately external citations. Past self-citation count (taken from each paper’s reference list) appears to bear little if any relationship with the future self-citation count of each paper. The primary practical implication of these results is that the impact of systems papers, as measured in citations, tends to be high relative to comparable studies of other fields and that it takes at least five years to stabilize. A secondary implication is that at least for this field, Google Scholar appears to be a reliable source of citation data for relative comparisons.

Exam period can be a stressful time for students, and having examples of past papers to help prepare for the tests can be extremely helpful. It is possible that past exams are already shared on your campus--by professors in their specific courses, via student unions or groups, or between individual students. In this article, we will go over the workflows and infrastructure to support the systematic collection, provision of access to, and repository management of past exam papers. We will discuss platform-agnostic considerations of opt-in versus opt-out submission, access restriction, discovery, retention schedules, and more. Finally, we will share the University of Toronto setup, including a dedicated instance of DSpace, batch metadata creation and ingest scripts, and our submission and retention workflows that take into account the varying needs of stakeholders across our three campuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the past half of a century, identification of the relevant documents is deemed an active area of research due to the rapid increase of data on the web. The traditional models to retrieve relevant documents are based on bibliographic information such as Bibliographic coupling, Co-citations, and Direct citations. However, in the recent past, the scientific community has started to employ textual features to improve existing models’ accuracy. In our previous study, we found that analysis of citations at a deep level (i.e., content level) can play a paramount role in finding more relevant documents than surface level (i.e., just bibliography details). We found that cited and citing papers have a high degree of relevancy when in-text citations frequency of the cited paper is more than five times in the citing paper’s text. This paper is an extension of our previous study in terms of its evaluation of a comprehensive dataset. Moreover, the study results are also compared with other state-of-the-art approaches i.e., content, metadata, and bibliography. For evaluation, a user study is conducted on selected papers from 1,200 documents (comprise about 16,000 references) of an online journal, Journal of Computer Science (J.UCS). The evaluation results indicate that in-text citation frequency has attained higher precision in finding relevant papers than other state-of-the-art techniques such as content, bibliographic coupling, and metadata-based techniques. The use of in-text citation may help in enhancing the quality of existing information systems and digital libraries. Further, more sophisticated measure may be redefined be considering the use of in-text citations.

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Highly cited articles capture the attention of significant contributors in the research community as an opportunity to improve knowledge, source of ideas or solutions, and advance their research in general. Typically, these articles are authored by a large number of scientists with international collaboration. However, this could not be the only reason for an article to be highly cited, there might be several other characteristics for an article to be more attractive to researchers and readers. In other words, there are a few other characteristics that help articles/papers to be more than others to appear in search engines or to grab readers’ attention. In this study, we modeled several machine-learning methods with a set of articles, and journal characteristics including authors-count, title characteristics, abstract length, international collaboration, number of keywords, funding information, journal characteristics, etc. We extracted 20 characteristics and developed multiple machine-learning models to automate highly-cited papers recognition from regular papers. In experiments conducted with an ensemble machine learning algorithm, 97% recognition accuracy was achieved. Other algorithms including a deep learning method using LSTMs also achieved high recognition accuracy. Such high performances can be utilized for a promising HCP auto-detection system in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The repository of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, and the Innovation Center – Cherry presents a well-organized digital library of the institution’s scientific outputs. For the purpose of this paper a research was done on the change in the number of citations contained in the repository, based on data from the external application Authors, projects, publications. The application has integrated parameters for examining the number of citations from Scopus and Web of Science databases. In this paper the change in number of citations from publications which appear in Altmetric – a platform for alternative metric were also used. Two methods of research were applied: the first method examines the change in number of citations for all deposited records of publications in the repository, and the second method enables to examine the change in number of citations on the level of all records of a specific author. The author whose publications were examined for the research via the second method was pronounced the most cited author in the yearly report for 2021 of the Faculty of Chemistry. Both methods examine three types of records with varying levels of accessibility: permanetly restricted, available after an embargo period (green open access) and permanent open access (gold open access). The metadata of all three kinds of publications recorded in the Cherry repository are accessible to the public with strict control of the librarian – repository manager. The research subject of this paper notes the difference that arises in the number of citations of individual records in September 2021 and a year later, in September 2022. The aim of the paper is to present a possible method to establish a correlation between the accessibility of publications and their citation count. There is a special regard to publications in the green open access, which form the basis for monitoring the relevance of the repository to the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, and the Innovation Center as well as to other institutions which are parts of the established infrastructure of repositories in Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the challenges for art libraries in the digital age. It is pointed out that art libraries are increasingly emancipating themselves from traditional book collections and will play an important role in the storage, findability, and consumption of digital art. It is also emphasized that art libraries are located in different places and therefore need to provide different workspaces and settings for curators, students, and researchers. The article also discusses the impact of open access and open science in art history, as well as the need for a differentiated examination of digitization in art libraries. It is noted that art libraries are evolving into hybrid learning environments and should intensify collaboration with museums. [Extracted from the article]

This paper traces the transnational entanglements in the Dutch digital media archive, with a focus on the propaganda battle between pro-Nazi and pro-Allied Dutch media during the Second World War. Reflecting on newspaper and radio source materials in the CLARIAH Media Suite, it points out significant differences in the availability of these two source collections. It argues that these imbalances can be explained by the historical context in which these sources were created as well as by archival policies after 1945. The main problem lies in the digitized radio archive which contains only a relatively small amount of audio and leaves out the enormous amount of documents, such as transcripts and monitoring reports. With our article, we ask for more attention for this form of 'audio on paper', which has previously been overlooked by scholars and archivists. In the conclusion we argue for the digitization of these source materials and inclusion in the Media Suite as a first step towards redrawing the borders of media archives, enabling a new research agenda aimed at studying transnational entanglements in war time propaganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eighteenth century books from the collection of the old digital library of the Library University Seville are analyzed to locate the parts made with decorated papers, in order to classify and describe them according to the proposals of specialized literature. For this, the records included in the repository of the digital collection are recovered, the digital reproductions of the books are visualized, the parts with decorated papers are identified and described following the decorated papers classification model, previously elaborated, based on the research of Professor Carpallo Bautista. The model is made up of 6 techniques and their variants. Of the more than 6.700 records from the 18th century in the collection of the digital ancient collection, 511 include decorated papers in their bindings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the perceived role of digital theological library and term paper counselling in undergraduate religious education students' academic success in the federal universities in southeast Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. A structured questionnaire developed by the researchers was used for data collection. 166 undergraduate religious education students were chosen as respondents in this research. The results showed that items on the perceived role of digital theological library and term paper counselling were all accepted by the students as means of achieving academic success. There was a significant difference in the perceived role of the digital theological library in achieving academic success among religious education students by the university. There was a significant difference in the perceived role of term paper counselling in achieving academic success among religious education students based on university. There was also a significant difference in the perceived role of university librarians in achieving academic success among religious education students based on university. The researchers noted that these findings have implications for university librarians across the universities and it was recommended that the use of digital theological libraries for academic purposes and term paper counselling should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the problem of the hierarchical multi‐label classification of research papers, which is the task of assigning the set of relevant labels for a paper from a hierarchy, using reduced amounts of labelled training data. Specifically, we study leveraging unlabelled data, which are usually plentiful and easy to collect, in addition to the few available labelled ones in a semi‐supervised learning framework for achieving better performance results. Thus, in this paper, we propose a semi‐supervised approach for the hierarchical multi‐label classification task of research papers based on the well‐known Co‐training algorithm, which exploit content and bibliographic coupling information as two distinct papers' views. In our approach, two hierarchical multi‐label classifiers, are learnt on different views of the labelled data, and iteratively select their most confident unlabelled samples, which are further added to the labelled set. The success of our suggested Co‐training‐based approach lies in two main components. The first is the use of two suggested selection criteria (i.e., Maximum Agreement and Labels Cardinality Consistency) that enforce selecting confident unlabelled samples. The second is the appliance of an oversampling method that rebalances the labels distribution of the initial labelled set, which reduces the reinforcement of the label imbalance issue during the Co‐training learning. The proposed approach is evaluated using a collection of scientific papers extracted from the ACM digital library. Performed experiments show the effectiveness of our approach with regards to several baseline methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Social Science Research Network is a depository for academic scholarship. SSRN allows academic papers and abstracts to be accessible worldwide. Most papers may be downloaded from the SSRN database free of charge, but some links are to commercial sites. Posting papers to SSRN and subscribing to its site are not inherently complicated. However, it is possible for academic departments, particularly law schools, to use SSRN more efficiently and more flexibly than SSRN's architects envisaged. For instance, one can establish a faculty working paper series with archived issues that are forever easily accessible, a much cheaper manner of establishing a working paper series than traditional ways, and a more permanent format than envisaged by standard SSRN systems. This article explains how SSRN works and how it can be used more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to present an exhaustive analysis on research paper recommender systems which have become very popular and gained a lot of research attention. Though the major focus is on developing new recommendation algorithms, other research dimensions are left untouched. Renown recommendation classes include content-based approaches, collaborative filtering, link-based algorithms, co-occurrence based approaches, global relevance and hybrid methods. These approaches mainly differ in background knowledge and modes of user behavior analysis. For instance, content-based filtering uses paper descriptions which are mostly word-based features. Collaborative filtering makes predictions based on peers' interests. Link-based algorithms utilize academic associations that exist between different entities in academia. Co-occurrence based techniques incorporate event occurrences to locate related papers. Global relevance adopts a 'one-for-all' policy for recommending popular articles. Hybrid methods combine the above approaches to design efficient algorithms. We have reviewed articles implementing several versions of these classes, however minor customizations make it difficult to categorize the new methods to one of the base classes. We have defined the concept of 'background knowledge and operating principle' for proper classification and to make a clear distinction among the recommendation approaches. We have used a combination of systematic literature review, critical review, and conceptual review to conduct this survey which presents current advancements in the field and discusses popular recommendation approaches. This paper reveals the factors affecting users' behavior and introduces a taxonomy of knowledge acquisition sources. Moreover, various evaluation methods and important performance criteria are explored. Finally, this paper examines the research trends and reports major loopholes in current research to foster the development of efficacious recommender systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on digital archiving and the establishment of open Access digital repositories in three selected Nigerian Universities. Despite the abundance of vital information kept in the traditional archives of Nigerian universities, many researchers cannot easily access it due to the seeming absence of proper digitization and online visibility. It is also observed that the practice of archiving and the management of information in the repositories in Nigerian universities is limited to the central library, which makes access to information in the satellite archives across the departments and in the administrative units very difficult. This paper therefore, intends to; determine the nature, existence and the roles of digital repositories in the three selected Nigerian universities and to identify the types of information sources and resources available in their digital repositories, among others. Qualitative research methodology was adopted. Data was purposefully obtained from the websites of the three Selected Nigerian universities. The findings of this study indicate that the Digital Repositories existed in the three selected universities studied with different names, and were found to contain volumes of scholarly information sources and resources, which were organized in a systematic and chronological order, but it is not well structured to specifically link resources in the departments, faculties and other units of the universities with the central repositories. It was also found that Digital Repositories were not always accessible, possibly due to inadequate ICT infrastructure and necessary staff skills for their effective maintenance. It was concluded that the repositories existed for over a decade and were providing information services to its users. It was recommended that, the management of the universities studied should imbibe strong maintenance culture to effectively manage the Digital Repositories for sufficient access to scholarly information sources and resources and should consider the installations and deployment of necessary ICT infrastructure, as well as the right software configurations including the provision of regular staff training for proper digitisation and digitalisation of work processes and procedures in the repositories for efficient results and the promotion of Digital Data Literacy in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An institutional repository (IR) is a digital collection that archives and provides access to an institution's scholarly and creative output, such as a university, research organization, or museum. The purpose of an IR is to collect, preserve, and share the intellectual work of an institution, making it accessible to a wider audience. An IR typically includes research articles, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, reports, datasets, multimedia, and other scholarly and creative works produced by faculty, staff, and students. An institutional profile in Google Scholar can function as an institutional repository. While it may not have all the features and functionalities of a traditional institutional repository, it can still provide a platform for institutions to share and showcase their research output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay describes the Scottish Court of Session Digital Archive Project (SCOS), a multi-institutional collaborative research initiative into Early America and the British Atlantic world. Developed by the digital scholarship team at the University of Virginia Law Library, in partnership with colleagues at the University of Edinburgh, SCOS explores everyday life in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries through Session Papers, the printed documents submitted to Scotland's supreme civil court during litigation. The project provides scholars, genealogists, and the public with openaccess digital copies of Session Papers held by the UVA Law Library, the Library of Congress, and other institutional partners. By digitizing these documents, contextualizing them with comprehensive metadata, and providing users with interpretative entry points, SCOS is designed to foster new research on this formative period of Scottish, British, and American history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional library systems are gradually being replaced by digital libraries. Digital libraries are developing from simple database-based storage and retrieval to knowledge-based implementation. The fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is an example of data collection and data processing technology. It evaluates and draws conclusions based on mathematics, large data, and other technologies. In order to better improve the digital library management system, this paper applied FCM clustering algorithm to the digital library management system. Based on the in-depth study of the FCM clustering algorithm, this paper built a digital library management system. The clustering algorithm was used to cluster library borrowing records and reader information. It provided technical support and suggestions on library collection construction and book purchase and promoted book management to form a good spitting cycle. The experimental results extracted during the evaluation phase demonstrated that the overall error rate of the suggested FCM clustering algorithm for information clustering is 3.66%, which is better than the existing comparative models. This shows that applying the FCM clustering algorithm to a digital library management system has some practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses that the Digital Library of Georgia, along with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Savannah, has digitized The Bulletin newspaper and made it publicly available on the Georgia Historic Newspapers website. The newspaper's vast array of content includes reviews of Catholic written works. Georgia writer Flannery O'Connor used to contribute regularly to the paper's book reviews section, but she was credited as a budding cartoonist in her first appearance in the publication.

Black Digital Humanities in the hands of Black Feminist and Black Women's Studies scholars enables historiography and open access pedagogy about Black liberation thinkers in the tradition of the Black Studies Movement.1 Furthermore it is a subversive model of archiving which produces a counter- narrative to traditional and canonical ways of thinking, producing, and storing work that is coming out of Black liberatory movements, praxis, creative social visions, and knowledge production. For our purposes we describe this as the myriad valences of Blackness experienced, encompassed, and reproduced. This paper theorizes the ways in which Black Digital Humanities can be used to preserve historical documents that would otherwise be repressed and erased in the evolving world of online databases, open access and for-profit library packages. It examines these questions by discussing the creation of the Activist Studio West (ASW) and its efforts to preserve the history of The Campaign to Bring Mumia home. We deploy Black Feminist praxis through collaborative interventions into historiography as a key feature of political consciousness raising. The stakes of this article (and archive) call into question the fundamentals of digital humanities and what it means to develop a digital repository to document Black Radical Political movements as Black Feminists. Research team members, historian Jessica Millward, political scientist Tiffany Willoughby-Herard, Black cultural studies scholar LaShonda Carter, visual culture scholar Ella Turenne, and ethnic studies archivist Krystal Tribbett prioritized introducing students to the major scholarship on creating community based archives, the ethical concerns around this particular type of Black Radical archive, and the political ethos involved in initiating an archive around a figure that has been consistently threatened by state sanctioned historical record. As a research methods driven paper we have focused on concept and theory-building toward curriculum development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical debt is a concept used to describe the lack of good practices during software development, leading to several problems and costs. Identification and management strategies can help reduce these difficulties. In a previous study, Alves et al. (2016) analyzed the research landscape of such strategies from 2010 to 2014. This paper replicates and updates their study to explore the evolution of technical debt identification and management research landscape over a decade, including literature from 2010 until 2022. We analyzed 117 papers from the ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, and Springer Link. Newly suggested strategies include automatically identifying admitted debt in comments, commits, and source code. Between 2015 and 2022, more empirical evaluations have been performed, and the general research focus has changed to a more holistic approach. Therefore, the research area evolved and reached a new level of maturity compared to previous results from Alves et al. (2016). Not only are code aspects considered for technical debt, but other aspects have also been investigated (e.g., models for the development process). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital heritage portal interfaces are generally similar to digital library and search engine interfaces in displaying search results as a list of brief metadata records. The knowledge organization and search result display of these systems are item-centric, with little support for identifying relationships between items. This paper proposes a knowledge graph system and visualization interface as a promising solution for digital heritage systems to support users in browsing related items, understanding the relationships between items, and synthesizing a narrative on an issue. The paper discusses design issues for the knowledge graph, graph database, and graph visualization, and offers recommendations based on the authors' experience in developing three knowledge graph systems for archive and digital humanities resources: the Zubir Said personal archive collection at the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts, Singapore; Singapore Pioneers social network; and Polyglot Medicine knowledge graph of Asian traditional and herbal medicine. Lessons learned from a small user study are incorporated in the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text deals with data mining used in libraries. It focuses on „physical“ libraries as they can use data mining in many processes but chooses its scope opposite to digital libraries where data mining has different variety in usage. This is why papers concerning digital libraries are excluded from this summarizing study. All the papers were selected based on concern with Library and Information Science and were divided into several groups. Most of the studies come from academic environment. Papers from czech and slovak environment are described separately. Time limitation for inclusion of the papers is up to year 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building information modeling (BIM) has been attracting increasing attention in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in recent years. The wide spread of BIM marks the transition from 2D and paper-based archiving to 3D and digital archiving of project information. However, the commonly used centralized managing approaches for BIM data have high risks of data loss and data tampering. With cryptographic algorithms and distributed databases, blockchain has the potential to address the limitations of data loss and trust in conventional BIM management methods. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-based framework for digital archiving of BIM data. In this paper, the axiomatic design approach is utilized to design the archiving framework in order to systematically map the design parameters with the functional requirements and minimize the information contents. The proposed framework contains five modules, including the BIM module, building plan approval (BPA) module, building data simplification (BDS) module, distributed data storage (DDS) module, and digital document verification (DDV) module. Hyperledger Fabric is utilized to develop the blockchain system based on the proposed framework. In the end, a simple BIM model with 240 components and around 11,000 lines of content in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) file is taken as an illustrative example to validate the proposed blockchain approach. By storing the BIM model on to the developed blockchain, it is found that each transaction of a blockchain can store over 5000 lines of IFC contents with 0.09 s of uploading latency. The results show that the proposed blockchain-based approach can effectively and securely archive BIM data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the importance of the DSpace open-source software that supports numerous digital libraries and repositories around the world. With the release of DSpace version 7, a natural question that arises is whether the new version offers enough new functionalities to motivate system administrators to upgrade. This paper briefly describes the most important changes, including new features and bug fixes, included in DSpace 7.4 and prior minor versions. The next parts of this paper explore our estimate that there are several thousand DSpace-based systems globally that will likely have to be upgraded in the near future. The main reason for this need is that older versions of DSpace (including 5.x) have reached the end of their developer support period or are reaching it in mid-2023. Based on our own upgrade experience, we propose suggestions and recommendations on migrating from the previous DSpace 6.3-based environment to the new one in a case study that concludes this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic networks express the academic relationships among authors, papers and conferences, which offer perspectives and tools to rethink and solve traditional problems in the academic field. Among them, conference ranking is a problem which normally produced by collecting information from different sources and considering many factors. Not like most of the existed ranking methods that based on subjective evaluation, in this paper, we develop a Conference Ranking method based on Academic Network Embedding (CRANE) algorithm to simultaneously rank authors and conferences which improving the accuracy of ranking by embedding the Academic Network. The CRANE uses both conference features like internationality, citations and co-authors, and structure in Academic Network to evaluate the ranking of certain conferences. The theoretical analysis and convergence analysis were provided in this paper. Experiments on datasets of the Digital Bibliography & Library Project (DBLP) and AMiner academic platforms also be conducted. The experimental results show that the CRANE algorithm is superior to other algorithms by comparing with the public academic ranking like the China Computer Federation (CCF) ranking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral and written sources are now commonplace in both library and archival collections. Such sources provide for a wider range of voices to be added to the historical record, and in an artistic context, allow for the capture of at least an element of the creative process. This article discusses the National Gallery of Australia's James Gleeson oral history collection, related collections of personal papers, and their role as primary sources in the National Gallery's Research Library. It highlights their uses as evidence for researchers interested in the history of the National Gallery's art collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents lessons learned from a project inspired by digital storytelling and the human library to reduce prejudices against marginalized groups. By comparing the outcomes of similar participants in different settings over the same period, the study explored which types of activities might be pivotal when influencing the perspective-taking attitudes of participants. The study used a case study approach, with data from the digital human library project, and selected participants from three different engagement contexts: participants in group A were involved in reading story abstracts online, having short face-to-face meetings regarding human books, and engaging in editorial activities; participants in group B were involved in extended face-to-face sharing provided by human books, followed by question-and-answer interaction; and participants in group C were involved in the reading of stories online without interaction. Convenience sampling was used and included 250 registered participants who completed pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The study found that merely reading stories online (group C) did not significantly reduce prejudice, and face-to-face contact on its own (group B) was also not the most effective in changing attitudes. Group A participants who combined short face-to-face meetings and story-retelling activities showed the most significant changes in perspective-taking attitudes. These findings imply that dialogic cognitive processes in narrative activities, rather than the mode of contact, may be pivotal in enhancing perspective-taking attitudes. This paper calls for further research into the scalability of digital human library hybrids and more rigorous experimental research designs. It underscores the potential of these interventions to foster more inclusive societies, mitigate social biases, and support equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In human–robot interaction, transparency is essential to ensure that humans understand and trust robots. Understanding is vital from an ethical perspective and benefits interaction, e.g., through appropriate trust. While there is research on explanations and their content, the methods used to convey the explanations are underexplored. It remains unclear which approaches are used to foster understanding. To this end, we contribute a systematic literature review exploring how robot transparency is fostered in papers published in the ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore. We found that researchers predominantly rely on monomodal visual or verbal explanations to foster understanding. Commonly, these explanations are external, as opposed to being integrated in the robot design. This paper provides an overview of how transparency is communicated in human–robot interaction research and derives a classification with concrete recommendations for communicating transparency. Our results establish a solid base for consistent, transparent human–robot interaction designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]