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Dengue virus infection mainly causes dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and/or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). However, ADE (antibody-dependent enhancement) is one of the main pathogenic factors, and its pathogenic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Recently, with the development of high-throughput sequencing, an increased number of RNAs have been confirmed to play a vital regulatory role in the process of virus infection. However, there is a lack of research on dengue virus infection and ADE. In this study, we used RNA-Seq to detect differentially expressed RNAs (DE RNAs) profiles in mock-infected, DENV-3-infected, and ADE-infected THP-1 cells. Firstly, we found 69 circRNAs, 259 miRNAs, and 18 mRNAs were differentially expressed in THP-1 vs DENV-3. In THP-1 vs ADE, 94 circRNAs, 263 miRNAs, and 111 mRNAs were differentially expressed. In DENV-3 vs ADE, 68 circRNAs, 105 miRNAs, and 94 mRNAs were differentially expressed. Functional enrichment analysis of these DE RNAs mainly focused on immune system, viral infectious diseases, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, and NOD/RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways. In DENV-3 vs ADE, notably, the expression of HBB was up-regulated, which was a Fcγ Receptor-mediated phagocytosis protein. Additionally, we predicted the encoding ability of DE circRNAs, and it was found that a small peptide was encoded by novel_circ_001562 and that its amino acid sequence was consistent with that of DDX60L, which is a class of interferon-stimulated genes. Finally, we constructed the ceRNA regulatory network pathway. Therefore, our study provides a new strategy for further investigation on DENV-host interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: severe dengue fever; IgG; IgM; dengue inpatients; dengue gene sequence EN severe dengue fever IgG IgM dengue inpatients dengue gene sequence 1 3 3 06/23/22 20220620 NES 220620 In the original article, the reference for " B The genome encodes a polyprotein, which is processed into three structural proteins [the capsid (C), premembrane (prM), and envelope (E) protein] and seven non-structural proteins (NS1-NS5) (Langerak et al., 2019) b " was incorrectly written as "Langerak, T., Mumtaz, N., Tolk, V. I., van Gorp, E. C. M., Martina, B. E., Rockx, B., et al. (2019). IgG, IgM, severe dengue fever, dengue inpatients, dengue gene sequence Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of dengue virus isolates differentiates dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever from dengue shock syndrome. 10.1038/nrmicro303023652323 10 Tuiskunen, A, Monteil, V, Plumet, S, Boubis, L, Wahlstr?m, M, Duong, V, Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of dengue virus isolates differentiates dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever from dengue shock syndrome. [Extracted from the article]

• A large-scale dengue fever outbreak occurred in the China, Myanmar, and Laos border area in 2019. • Three dengue virus (DENV) serotypes were found to be co-circulating, which is very rare in this area. • DENV-1 and DENV-2 were the main pathogenic agents of this outbreak. • The co-circulation may have led to more serious clinical symptoms and a larger scale epidemic. Dengue fever was included in the top 10 global health threats announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in early 2019. In some southern provinces of China, autochthonous outbreaks have also been reported over the last decade. An unexpected large outbreak of dengue fever was reported in Xishuangbanna, a border area of China, Myanmar, and Laos, in 2019. Among the 226 hospitalized cases, 90 were diagnosed as severe dengue according to the 2009 WHO guidelines. Serotyping and phylogenetic analyses of envelope gene sequences from 246 randomly selected samples showed that three serotypes of dengue virus were co-circulating in this outbreak, which is very rare in this area. Dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1, genotype I) and serotype 2 (DENV-2, Cosmopolitan genotype and Asian genotype) were the main pathogenic agents of this outbreak. Dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) epidemic strains were classified as genotype III and formed a close cluster with the Thailand 2015 epidemic strain. The co-circulation may have led to more serious clinical symptoms and a larger scale epidemic. This finding is of great importance in understanding the circulation of DENV and to strengthen the detection and management of dengue fever in border areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The first DENV-1 outbreak occurred in Xishuangbanna, a border area of China, Burma and Laos in 2017. • Dengue isolated strains show diversification between Burma and China. • Dengue fever has become a disease circulating in the interior of China. • Amino acid substitution (I440T) may lead to weakened virulence of the epidemic strains. • The diversity of global DENV-1 highly increased in 1972 and then slightly decreased after that until 2017. Abstract Background Xishuangbanna, a border area of China, Burma and Laos, had its first major DENV-1 outbreak in 2017. This study aims to explore the genetic characterization, potential source and evolution of the viruses in outbreak. Methods The structural protein C/prM/E genes of viruses isolated from local residents or Burmese travelers were sequenced followed by mutation, phylogenetic, homologous recombination, molecular clock and demographic reconstruction analysis. Results Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the strains were classified as three cluster of DENV-1. Cluster 1, 2 and 3 were most similar to China Guangzhou 2011, China Hubei 2014 and Laos 2008 strain, respectively. Among 236 base mutations, 31 caused nonsynonymous mutations when compared with the DENV-1SS. No homologous recombination signal was discovered. The structural protein of these strains had similar three-dimensional structure. Only site 434 showed differences among five predicted protein binding sites. Molecular clock phylogenetic and demographic reconstruction analysis showed that DENV-1 became highly diversified in 1972 followed by a slightly decreased period until 2017. Conclusions Dengue isolated strains show diversification between Burma and China. Amino acid substitution (I440T) may lead to weakened virulence of the epidemic strains. DENV-1 became highly diversified in 1972 followed by a slightly decreased period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]