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RESUMEN Se propone una técnica de descomposición estructural que permite descomponer el ingreso laboral de hombres y mujeres en cuatro regiones de México, vinculado a una expansión en la demanda final en tres efectos: nacional, regional y tecnológico. Los resultados indican que los multiplicadores del ingreso de las mujeres son relativamente altos en servicios. El consumo del Gobierno es el que impacta más el ingreso de las mujeres; en cambio, la expansión de la inversión favorece más el ingreso de los hombres. Los índices de equidad de género regionales son poco sensibles a expansiones en la demanda final. JEL: C67, R12, J30, J16, D63. ABSTRACT A structural decomposition technique is proposed in order to break down the labor income of men and women in four regions of Mexico, and is linked to a final demand expansion, into three effects: national, regional and technological. The results suggest that labor income multipliers for women are relatively high in services. Government consumption tends to benefit the income of women more, whereas the expansion in investment tends to favor the income of men more. Regional gender equality indices are not sensitive to expansions in the final demand. JEL: C67, R12, J30, J16, D63. RÉSUMÉ Nous proposons une technique de décomposition structurelle qui permet de décomposer le revenu professionnel des hommes et des femmes dans quatre régions du Mexique, lié à une expansion de la demande finale dans trois effets : national, régional et technologique. Les résultats montrent que les multiplicateurs du revenu des femmes sont relativement élevés dans les services. La consommation du Gouvernement est celle qui influence le plus le revenu des femmes ; par contre, l'expansion de l'investissement favorise davantage le revenu des hommes. Les indices régionaux d'équité de genre sont peu sensibles aux expansions dans la demande finale. JEL: C67, R12, J30, J16, D63. RESUMO É proposta uma técnica de decomposição estrutural que permite descompor o ingresso no mercado de trabalho de homens e mulheres em quatro regiões do México, vinculado a uma expansão na demanda final em três efeitos: nacional, regional e tecnológico. Os resultados indicam que os multiplicadores do ingresso das mulheres são relativamente altos no setor de serviços. O consumo do Governo é o que impacta mais no ingresso das mulheres; por outro lado, a expansão do investimento favorece mais o ingresso dos homens. Os índices de igualdade de gênero regionais são pouco sensíveis a expansões na demanda final. JEL: C67, R12, J30, J16, D63.

This paper examines the driving forces behind the growth in carbon dioxide emissions in forty advanced and emerging economies between 1995 and 2008. We use the global supply chain concept introduced in Timmer et al. (2014) to measure CO2 emissions in internationally fragmented production networks and embed the concept in structural decomposition analysis. Our findings suggest that rising levels of domestic consumption are related to increased carbon dioxide emissions in both advanced and emerging economies. A substantial share of CO2 emissions growth in emerging economies is accounted for by increased participation in global supply chains. However, even for countries that rapidly integrated in global production networks, such as China, rising domestic consumption accounts for the majority of territorial emissions.

The article aims to identify the development directions in Russia’s stagnating mobile communica? tions market, including voice and Internet traffic segments. The methodological basis of the research is theoretical propositions of regional economics; the principal method is the systematisation of empirical facts. The analysis indicates a decrease in demand for telecommunication services in Russian regions. The monitoring of resources of telecommunication services proves the necessity of separate accounting of individuals and legal entities’ consumption, because in case of the former it is necessary to account for average incomes, whereas in the latter case – for gross regional product. On the basis of statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation the author examines the dynamics of the services development, including the situation with organisation of mobile access to the Internet, and introduces the indicators of mobile Internet traffic consumption and its cost. The created information base allows the researcher to distinguish between consumption of ser? vices by individuals and legal entities separately for voice and Internet traffic and determine quantitative indicators that help compare the level of inequality in different regions of the country. As a result, the paper lists Russia’s regions where it is expedient to promote the services of voice mobile communications and mobile Internet

We use the underlying data of the IMPLAN Pro 3.0 regional economic simulation model to estimate the current economic contribution of Michigan's local food system and explore the chain of transactions giving rise to consumption of locally sourced goods from producer to processor to consumption. The proposed methodology includes both unprocessed and processed foods in the estimation of the local food system's economic value. The model also provides a replicable and consistent approach to estimating the value of local food systems within regional and state economies.

This paper considers the application of input–output accounting methods to consider the pollution implications of different production and consumption activities, with specific focus on pollution embodied in intra- and inter-national trade flows. It considers the illustrative case studies of production and consumption measures of emissions and pollution embodied in interregional trade flows between two regions of the UK and between five Midwest regions/states within the United States. The analysis raises questions in terms of policy reliance on the extremes of conventional production and consumption accounting measures and considers a range of alternative measures that may be calculated using input–output methods to provide different informational content. The paper focuses on different types of air pollutant of current policy concern in each the UK and the US Midwest cases and demonstrates how use of the environmental input–output framework allows the analysis of the nature and significance of interregio...

We examine patterns of regional adjustments to shocks in the US during the past four decades. We find that the response of interstate migration to relative labor market conditions has decreased, while the role of the unemployment rate as absorber of regional shocks has increased. However, the response of net migration to regional shocks is stronger during aggregate downturns and increased particularly during the Great Recession. We offer a potential explanation for the cyclical pattern of migration response based on the variation in consumption risk sharing.

This study introduces dynamic features into the random-utility-based multiregional input-output (RUBMRIO) model. The RUBMRIO model predicts interzonal trade and travel patterns, as well as business and household location choices, using consumption and production process data. It equilibrates production and trade, labor markets, and transportation networks simultaneously. Multinomial logit models predict the origins of productive inputs, including commute behaviors (for the input of labor). With household locations and expenditures/incomes relatively well-known for the very near future, one can predict current trade patterns by making household consumption, as well as (foreign and domestic) export demands, exogenous to the model, resulting in short-term predictions. The long-run equilibrium, wherein household locations and consumption patterns are endogenous, will differ from this short-term solution.

The authors apply the RAEM-Light model to analyze the distribution of social benefits from expressway network projects from the viewpoint of spatial equity. The RAEM-Light model has some innovative features. The spatial behavior of producers and consumers is explicitly described and is endogenously determined by using econometric production and consumption functions. This model applies a slightly different concept than the traditional spatial computable general equilibrium model that does not depend on the input–output data. It is therefore well suited for analyzing detailed areas for which official input–output data are not available (i.e., its zones are subdivided into a neighborhood area level). In this paper, the authors analyze two expressway network scenarios. In Scenario 1, the regional economic impacts from the present expressway network are simulated. In this base case simulation, it is concluded that the present expressway network has a low score on spatial equity, in particular because of negative impacts on rural areas. In Scenario 2, the authors analyze the present and future expressway network case in rural areas. As compared with Scenario 1, negative impacts from the implementation of the expressway network are reduced, especially in rural areas. This comparative analysis quantified the effectiveness of the two network structures from the viewpoint of spatial equity. Theoretically and quantitatively comprehensive studies from the viewpoint of spatial equity on the effects of infrastructure development have not yet been sufficiently conducted; however, the results of the comparative analysis are promising for an economic assessment of the expressway networks from the point of spatial equity.

This paper tests the ability of consumer sentiment to predict retail spending at the state level. The results here suggest that, although there is a significant relationship between consumer sentiment measures and retail sales growth in several states, consumer sentiment exhibits only modest predictive power for future changes in retail spending. Measures of consumer sentiment, however, contain additional explanatory power beyond the information available in other indicators. By restricting attention to fluctuations in retail sales that occur at the business cycle frequency, the authors uncover a significant relationship between consumer sentiment and retail sales growth in many additional states. In light of these results, the authors conclude that the practical value of sentiment indices to forecast consumer spending at the state level is, at best, limited. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, March/April 2004, 87 (2, Part 1), pp. 123-35.

This paper proposes a possible framework for identifying excessive investment. Based on this method, it finds evidence that some types of investment are becoming excessive in China, particularly in inland provinces. In these regions, private consumption has on average become more dependent on investment (rather than vice versa) and the impact is relatively short-lived, necessitating ever higher levels of investment to maintain economic activity. By contrast, private consumption has become more self-sustaining in coastal provinces, in large part because investment here tends to benefit household incomes more than corporates. If existing trends continue, valuable resources could be wasted at a time when China’s ability to finance investment is facing increasing constraints due to dwindling land, labor, and government resources and becoming more reliant on liquidity expansion, with attendant risks of financial instability and asset bubbles. Thus, investment should not be indiscriminately directed toward urbanization or industrialization of Western regions but shifted toward sectors with greater and more lasting spillovers to household income and consumption. In this context, investment in agriculture and services is found to be superior to that in manufacturing and real estate. Financial reform would facilitate such a reorientation, helping China to enhance capital efficiency and keep growth buoyant even as aggregate investment is lowered to sustainable levels.

This paper investigates the relationship between unrecorded economic activity associated with the production of illicit coca and formally recorded economic activity in Peru. It does so by attempting to construct new regional level estimates for coca production and by implementing recently developed panel time series methods that are robust to regional heterogeneity and unobserved regional inter-dependencies. The paper finds that on balance illicit coca production crowds out formal sector production at the regional level, regardless of whether unanticipated changes occur nationally or regionally. However, total output nevertheless increases, since formal sector production is crowded out less than one for one.

Logistics Park, as a significant node of modern logistics system and a cluster of logistics industry, has already been considered as a new potential increasing point intended for promoting the progress of urban and regional economics. From the perspective of growth pole theory under the regional economic theory, this paper indicates that the logistics park will be a growth pole for certain cities or regions. Not merely will it form a strong economy of scale, the logistics park will also cast a progressive influence to other economic industries through dominance effect, multiplier effect and polarization-diffusion effect. Taking the modern circulation service base of Chizhou as an example, the direct and indirect economic contribution is calculated by Input-output analysis in the paper. At the end, it can be concluded that every single yuan invested by the construction of the modern logistics service base project in Chizhou will have a 16.7 yuan contribution equivalent in its GDP, with direct contribution value added 0.4 yuan and indirect one 16.3 yuan. In the latter, the values added of backward pulling contribution, forward pushing contribution and consumption stimulation contribution are 0.6 yuan, 7.38 yuan and 8.32 yuan respectively.

We provide the first theoretical analysis of the effects of human capital use, innovative activity, and patent protection, on economic growth in a model with many regions. In each region, consumers have constant relative risk-aversion preferences, there is no human capital growth, and there are three kinds of manufacturing activities involving the production of blueprints for inputs (machines), the inputs themselves, and a single final consumption good. Our analysis generates four results. For any given region, we first describe the balanced growth path (BGP) equilibrium and show that the BGP growth rate depends negatively on the rate at which patents expire. Second, we characterize the transitional dynamics in our model. Third, we determine the value of the patent expiry rate that maximizes the equilibrium growth rate of a region. Finally, we show that a policy of offering perpetual patent protection does not necessarily maximize social welfare in a region. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.