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Background: Gestational hyperglycemia increases the risk of diabetes in later life. However, the risk of future cardiovascular diseases (CVD) related to gestational hyperglycemia remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of gestational hyperglycemia on the subsequent risk of CVD and its modifying factors among elderly Chinese women. Methods: We conducted a case‐control study of elderly women from the baseline survey of Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. Women with gestational hyperglycemia (n = 82), and controls matched by age and study site (n = 410) were included. Information on CVD, including reported coronary heart disease, stroke, or myocardial infarction, was collected through an interviewer‐assisted questionnaire. Results: Women with gestational hyperglycemia were more likely to develop diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50‐4.18) and CVD (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.05‐3.74). Even without progressing to type 2 diabetes, gestational hyperglycemia was associated with an increased risk of CVD (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.18‐7.00). However, subgroup analysis indicated that compared with those without gestational hyperglycemia or hypertension, women with both gestational hyperglycemia and hypertension had higher risk of CVD (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 1.65‐9.58), whereas the risk estimate did not significantly change in women with gestational hyperglycemia alone (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 0.71‐6.57). Stratified analysis indicated that among those with overweight/obesity, inactive physical activity, or unhealthy dietary habits, gestational hyperglycemia increased the risk of CVD. Conclusions: In elderly Chinese women, gestational hyperglycemia was associated with an increased risk of CVD in later life. This association was independent of the progression to diabetes and might be modified by lifestyle factors and hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We investigated the relationship between fasting serum fructose levels and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective Chinese cohort.Research Design and Methods: Among 949 community-based participants aged ≥40 years without diabetes at baseline, fasting serum fructose levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The participants were followed up for the occurrence of diabetes. Cox regression models were performed to analyze the effect of fasting serum fructose levels on risk of incident diabetes.Results: During a median of 3.5 years' follow-up, 179 of 949 (18.9%) participants developed type 2 diabetes. Elevated fasting serum fructose levels were associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes in a dose-response manner. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, lipid profiles, blood pressure, liver function, smoking and drinking status, baseline glucose level, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, a 1-SD increased fasting fructose level was associated with a 35% (95% CI 1.08-1.67) increased risk of developing diabetes. After further adjustment for serum uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the association was partially attenuated (hazard ratio 1.33 [95% CI 1.07-1.65]). The association was similar by age, prediabetes status, BMI, and family history of diabetes but attenuated in women (P for heterogeneity = 0.037).Conclusions: Elevated fasting serum fructose levels were independently associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a middle-aged and older Chinese population. Our data suggest that higher fasting serum fructose levels might serve as a biomarker and/or a contributor to incident diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]