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2 results on '"the National Children's Study"'

1. Placental gross shape differences in a high autism risk cohort and the general population

Author

Bo Y Park, Dawn P Misra, John Moye, Richard K Miller, Lisa Croen, M Dani Fallin, Cheryl Walker, Craig J Newschaffer, Caroline M Salafia, and National Children’s Study Consortium

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Embryology, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Placenta, Maternal Health, Physiology, Social Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Umbilical cord, Umbilical Cord, Cohort Studies, Families, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Medicine and Health Sciences, Photography, Psychology, lcsh:Science, Children, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Multidisciplinary, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Organ Size, medicine.anatomical_structure, Autism spectrum disorder, Physical Sciences, Perimeters, Female, Anatomy, Research Article, Population, Geometry, Perimeter, 03 medical and health sciences, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Autistic Disorder, education, Fetus, business.industry, Siblings, lcsh:R, Reproductive System, Infant, Newborn, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Radii, Age Groups, Case-Control Studies, Developmental Psychology, People and Places, Autism, Women's Health, Population Groupings, lcsh:Q, business, Mathematics, Developmental Biology
Abstract

A growing body of evidence suggests that prenatal environment is important in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) etiology. In this study, we compare placental shape features in younger siblings of children with ASD, who themselves are at high ASD risk, to a sample of low risk peers. Digital photographs of the fetal placenta surface and of the sliced placental disk from 129 high ASD risk newborns and from 267 newborns in the National Children’s Study Vanguard pilot were analysed to extract comparable measures of placental chorionic surface shape, umbilical cord displacement and disk thickness. Placental thickness measures were moderately higher in siblings of ASD cases. The placentas of ASD-case siblings were also rounder and more regular in perimeter than general population placentas. After stratification by sex, these across-group differences persisted for both sexes but were more pronounced in females. No significant differences were observed in cord insertion measures. Variations in placental shape features are generally considered to reflect flexibility in placental growth in response to changes in intrauterine environment as the placenta establishes and matures. Reduced placental shape variability observed in high ASD risk siblings compared to low-risk controls may indicate restricted ability to compensate for intrauterine changes.

Published
2018

2. Impact of preconception enrollment on birth enrollment and timing of exposure assessment in the initial vanguard cohort of the U.S. National Children's Study.

Author

Stanford, Joseph B., Brenner, Ruth, Fetterer, David, Palmer, Leslie, Schoendorf, Kenneth C., and U.S. National Children’s Study

Subjects
LONGITUDINAL method, RESEARCH funding, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, PATIENT selection, HEALTH impact assessment
Abstract

Background: The initial vanguard cohort of the U.S. National Children's Study was a pregnancy and birth cohort study that sought to enroll some women prior to pregnancy, and to assess exposures early in pregnancy.Methods: During the recruitment phase (2009-2010), geographically based sampling was used to recruit women early in pregnancy and women not currently pregnant, not using contraception and heterosexually active. We assessed the following outcomes for women enrolled preconception and early in pregnancy: yield of births; demographic characteristics of births for different enrollment groups; time to pregnancy for preconception women; and the timing of study visits for exposure assessment.Results: 1399 women were recruited into the initial vanguard cohort: 429 preconception (198 trying for pregnancy, and 231 not trying) and 970 already pregnant. There were 1135 pregnancies (81% of women) and 922 newborns enrolled (81% of pregnancies) through September 2012. Preconception women represented 30.6% of women enrolled, and contributed 14.5% of births. Among women who gave birth, and who had enrolled preconception trying for pregnancy, 67.3% were white non-Hispanic, compared to 50.0% of preconception women not trying for pregnancy, and 61.5% of pregnant women. Women enrolled preconception who were trying for pregnancy had higher cumulative probability of pregnancy at one year compared to women not trying (adjusted 86% versus 56%). Of 165 women enrolled preconception who became pregnant, 19% had a study visit within 30 days of conception. By 10.5 weeks after conception, 75% of women enrolled preconception had completed a pregnancy study visit; for women enrolled pregnant, the 75% threshold was reached at 28.4 weeks.Conclusions: There were demographic differences in births from women enrolled preconception trying for pregnancy, preconception not trying for pregnancy, or during pregnancy. Time to pregnancy was shorter for women actively trying for pregnancy. Most women enrolled preconception did not have exposure assessment within 30 days of conception, but they did have exposure assessment much earlier during pregnancy than women who enrolled during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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