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In the Spanish colonization of America, representation of its territory became a necessity, a process in which a new hybrid style of cartography arose, that mixed Spanish and indigenous conventions as well as new ones, a result of mutual influences between cultures. Most of the maps that indigenous and Spanish mapmakers drew during the sixteenth century did not conform to the cartographic canons used in renaissance Europe. In this large corpus we find an exceptional case with all the characteristics of scientific representation, such as the Spanish royal cosmographers hoped the new overseas territories would be mapped: the map of Zapotidan. Although this document has been studied by several authors, this paper focuses particularly on the cartographic procedures, with new contributions: an analysis of the representation system used, the extent of area represented, and the determination of scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]