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This progress report of the curriculum development project aimed at the study of Canada's urban areas through examination of Canadian writings covers the project's first two years. The initial proposal and early planning is reported in ED 055 010. The primary difficulties, after the formation of the team, entailed acquiring release time, arranging a compatible schedule, coping with the demands of extra curricular assignments, finding workspace, and obtaining secretarial assistance and personnel willing to gather and annotate material. Valuable assistance was given by the professors and students in the University of Saskatchewan College of Education. A major factor contributing to the support received was the effort made on the part of the developers to present their project plans before groups of teachers and planners and to develop a set of transparencies for use by other Project Canada West teams. Two primary focuses emerged from the materials gathered: the physical aspect (the city itself, its structure, its form, its rigidity), and the human aspect (showing how man--who is changing, developing, and fluid--responds to the urban environment. Discussion of how best to utilize and evaluate the materials led the team to submit a proposal to the Board requesting that a special social studies class be offered in which the material could be used and student responses be measured. The proposal was approved and year III will be devoted to in-class curriculum development. (JMB)

Background: Palliative care, a division of health care that provides treatment to patients facing terminal or incurable illness, prioritizes maintaining quality of life for the patients it serves. Factors that influence quality of life are highly individualized, encompassing social, economic, or cultural determinants of health. In particular, cultural determinants remain an understudied element of palliative care. Objectives: The purpose of this article is to identify key concepts and issues arising from offering culturally relevant palliative care by reviewing how the concept of culture has been discussed in Canadian palliative care literature. Design: A scoping review of medical databases was conducted to identify recent Canadian literature connecting culture and palliative care provision. This review yielded 21 relevant results from the past 10 years. Results: Ideas frequently mentioned in Canadian palliative care literature include cultural competency in health care providers, cultural sensitivity of treatment options, and cultural accessibility of available services. Issues that arose from the literature included differing ideas of the meanings of life and death, visibility of cultural minority groups, spiritual care needs, desire to involve friends and family in care, and misunderstandings of language and communication styles. Conclusion: The results of this review provide a starting point from which health care providers can begin lending attention to cultural determinants of health, thus improving palliative care services for diverse populations.

The Canadian national identity is often understood as what it is not; American. Inundation with American history, news, and culture around race and racism imbues Canadians with a false impression of egalitarianism, resulting in a lack of critical national reflection. While this is true in instances, the cruel reality of inequity, injustice and racism is rampant within the Canadian sexual and reproductive health and rights realm. Indeed, the inequitable health outcomes for Black, Indigenous and people of color (BIPOC) are rooted in policy, research, health promotion and patient care. Built by colonial settlers, many of the systems currently in place have yet to embark on the necessary process of addressing the colonial, racist, and ableist structures perpetuating inequities in health outcomes. The mere fact that Canada sees itself as better than America in terms of race relations is an excuse to overlook its decades of racial and cultural discrimination against Indigenous and Black people. While this commentary may not be ground-breaking for BIPOC communities who have remained vocal about these issues at a grassroots level for decades, there exists a gap in the Canadian literature in exploring these difficult and often underlying dynamics of racism. In this commentary series, the authors aim to promote strategies addressing systemic racism and incorporating a reproductive justice framework in an attempt to reduce health inequities among Indigenous, Black and racialized communities in Canada.

From Translation to the Writing: On the Quebec Feminists, Anglo-Canadian Women Translators and the Translation ContinuumThe article presents the unique relationship between French- and English- -speaking translators in Canada, which has resulted in a great number of interesting translation phenomena. The author makes reference to the distinction between feminist translation and translation in the feminine, derived from literature in the feminine, both widely practiced in Quebec. One of the representatives of this trend was Suzanne de Lotbiniere-Harwood, mostly French-English translator, known for her translations of Nicole Brossard’s works. Her activity, as well as that of other translators, contributed to the spread of the idea of translation in the feminine among Canadian writers and theoreticians. What is more, their cooperation has resulted in the creation of the magazine Tessera and in the emergence of a range of phenomena on the borderline between translation and literature. This relationship is also a rare example of the impact of “minor literature”, which is the literature of Quebec, on the English-language Canadian literature.

Canadian literature, and specifically the teaching of Canadian literature, has emerged from a colonial duty to a nationalist enterprise and into the current territory of postcolonialism. From practical discussions related to specific texts, to more theoretical discussions about pedagogical practice regarding issues of nationalism and identity, Home-Work constitutes a major investigation and reassessment of the influence of postcolonial theory on Canadian literary pedagogy from some of the top scholars in the field.

International audience; This paper, both a testimony and reflection about the author’s experience as contributor of the “comic art and bande dessinée” chapter of the Cambridge History of Canadian Literature (Cambridge UP, 2009) discusses the challenge of summarizing the essentials of Canadian comics history since the mid-19th century in 6,000 words and proceeds to answer the following question: why does Canada’s literary canon integrate comics whereas its French and American counterparts, for instance, have so far failed to do so? This phenomenon appears closely linked to one aspect of Canada’s postcolonial specificity—the country’s intellectual elites’ comprehensive outlook on cultural production. This “limited elitism” approach actually became a hallmark of Canadian cultural policy as of the 1950s following the Massey Commission’s introduction of the “Canadian content” concept and the subsequent development of an open-ended conception of national culture. Canada’s cultural context provides a very interesting example of the ongoing legitimization of comics in the 21st century but also, more broadly, of the dynamics that permanently rewrite a national literary canon.

RÉSUMÉLa recherche sur le vieillissement en milieu rural s’est développée considérablement depuis la publication du livre,Aging in Rural Canada(Butterworths, 1991). Le but de cet article est double : de fournir une rétrospective sur les questions de viellissement en milieu rural tirée de ce livre, et une revue de la littérature canadienne sur le vieillissement en milieu rural depuis sa publication. L’examen met en évidence les nouvelles orientations dans les définitions conceptuelles du « rural », et dans les questions de l’engagement social, l’indépendance, les réseaux familiaux et sociaux et les services ruraux et la santé. Deux perspectives principales de recherche sont évidents. Le point de vue ou l’optique d’analyse de la marginalisation se concentre sur les personnes âgées en milieu rural ayant des problèmes de santé, mais n’a pas inclus celles qui sont marginalisées par la pauvrété ou le sexe. L’optique d’analyse du vieillissement sain se concentre sur les contributions et l’engagement, mais a omis la recherche sur les relations sociales et la qualité de l’interaction familiale. Le rapport comprend un appel s’interroger sur l’interaction entre les gens et leur lieu de vie et à comprendre les enjeux de la diversité en milieu rural et le processus de vieillissement en milieu rural.

Love is used in different ways in literature. The treatment of love in the love stories of Janette Oke are nearly similar and all show the roles that love plays in life of people and how deal with it. Her novels are among the finest works in Canadian literature without whom the world of Canadian literature would be dark and empty. Love is the eventual weakness, but philosophy, religion and art during time have portrayed it in its place as a way to a higher level of being beyond the pain and transformation of every day. This paper points out to different kinds of love relationship in Oke’s fictions. 1. INTRODUCTION The history of different love is not similar. Each love has its own history. It has a start and an end and between these a procedure of waxing and waning within which the significance of the pattern of distinctions changes. It is then often proposed in the literature that the start of a love affair, before the love has been granted any social definitely, depends above all on satisfaction. Love, in order to be differentiated from the communication in which it may be camouflaged, must be able to take on the function of a comprehensive symbolic medium and as a result becomes subject to a further set of conditions, in the context of which endeavors to satisfy can only figure as foreplay. Things become even more compound if the difference between true and pretended love is treated in such a behavior that one distinguishes the latter structure in terms of its simulation or dissimulation. A double camouflage must therefore be deemed: the simulation and dissimulation of love. Both can, especially if working in carriage, throw up adequate hurdles to begin a love affair. The paradox notwithstanding stays dependent on the fact that love is a procedure and that it donates a temporal condition on all information. There are three kinds of love in Janette Oke's romantic novels including unselfish love, logical love, and romantic love. Romantic love includes gallantry, pure romantic love, trial marriage and courtly love that I discuss in this paper. 2. GALLANTRY

Der Band stellt die transkulturelle Literatur in zwei der größten Einwanderungsmetropolen Nordamerikas - Montréal und New York - erstmals in einen gemeinsamen Kontext. Er untersucht die rasante Entwicklung einer urbanen nordamerikanischen Postromania aus verschiedenen Perspektiven. Dabei richtet sich das Augenmerk auf die Literatur hispano- und frankokaribischer MigrantInnen, die sich in New York auf Englisch und in Montréal - hier auch lateinamerikanische, jüdische, arabische und ostasiatische EinwandererInnen - auf Französisch manifestiert.; Par son parcours personnel, par son choix de la langue française, et par ses premières publications, en particulier La Mémoire de l'eau, récit inspiré de la vie de sa grand-mère, et Les Lettres chinoises, roman épistolaire polyphonique et explicitement interculturel, Ying Chen fait clairement partie du phénomène des " écritures migrantes ". Cependant, plus encore peut-être que d'autres parmi cette génération d'écrivains, Ying Chen cherche depuis longtemps à se démarquer du label des " écritures migrantes ". Comment, dans ce contexte, lire ses textes ? Je voudrais proposer que les textes de Ying Chen, certes, n'ont plus trait de manière directe à l'expérience des différences culturelles, au dialogue transculturel, à l'identité linguistique hybride. Plutôt, son œuvre serait le résultat d'une abstraction qui retient de la thématique interculturelle non pas les contenus, mais la structure ; c'est dans ce sens que ses textes sont marqués par une interrogation sur les frontières de différentes sortes, et sur la possibilité de paroles ou de dialogues qui franchissent ces frontières. C'est dans une telle perspective double que je voudrais aborder deux des textes de Ying Chen : L'Ingratitude de 1995 et Querelle d'un squelette avec son double de 2003.

It has been argued, at least since the 1970s, that Canadian literature is pervaded by gothic themes, moods and conventions. This Canadian streak of Gothicism may be defined as a predilection for the grotesque and the excessive, which threaten the established boundaries so dear to a culture outwardly dedicated to moderation and stability, to "a constant pursuit of a consensus beyond the incongruous and opposing interests and ideological visions," as the conference's Call for Papers puts it. Drawing examples from Canadian literature and film, I would like to demonstrate how the challenges of history and a rather extreme geography trigger anxieties over identity, corporeality, gender, sexuality, and even such basic categories as "the human" and "the organic." With their disparate histories (indigenous, French, English, immigrant, queer) Canadians may appear, both to themselves and to the outside world, a Frankenstein of a nation, an arbitrary entity stitched roughly together from a number of heterogenous elements and maintained by a neoliberal enforcement of the politics of multicultural consensus. Rafał Majka

This report assesses agricultural health and hygiene from the aspects of demography, legislation, administration, research, and teaching—with special reference to the position in Canada. It followed a canvass of the following Canadian sources—Federal Ministries of Health, Labor and Agriculture, Provincial Health and Agriculture Ministries, Attorneys General of the Provinces, Workmen's Compensation Boards, University Schools of Medicine, Engineering and Agriculture, the Canada Safety Council, and Canadian Chamber of Commerce. The Canadian literature on the subject has been reviewed. Health and hygiene activities are enmeshed with accident prevention (safety) in Canada so a consistent separation of the two fields could not be made.

This issue has guest articles regarding agricultural transportation, Canadian literature, and agricultural education in the public schools. Agricultural articles pertain to foreign markets for Canadian produce, the quality of grain seed, and the food science of the quality of western wheat. Horticultural articles address the cultivation of Primulas and the farm garden. The Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union article reports the 1905 co-operative experiments in agriculture. Campus articles report the activities of the Literary Society, Y. M. C. A., and athletics department. The Macdonald Notes provides an update on the practical training of housekeepers and the Macdonald Literary Society. Alumni news is available in the Our Alumni column. The farmer and the railway Canadian fiction The O. A. C. Review and the public school Canada and her markets Good seed Concerning wheat-grading Co-operative experiments in agriculture 1905 Primulas Farm garden Editorial Our Alumni Book reviews College life The Train Dogs A cozy corner in Macdonald Institute The end of the hockey season Locals Gee Whizz I'm Gettin Sleepy advertising

This issue contains articles on the role of agricultural colleges and the farmers' movement, the maple sugar industry in Canada, and the work of the physics department. Professor Unwin continues his series on Canadian literature. A student provides an article on Seventeenth Century ideas of agriculture. Two articles address the virtues and profitability of farming. Campus news reports on the new student flag fight and initiation, the Mac Hall dance, and the state of the War Memorial Hall Fund. The Alumni column contains alumni and alumnae updates. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. The agricultural college and the Farmers' Movement The maple sugar industry in Canada Canadian literature: a series Some ideas from the Seventeenth Century Work and aims of the department of physics On living in the country What's the matter with farming? Editorial The mail box College life Athletics Alumni Locals advertising

The agricultural articles in this issue pertain to the work of the Dominion Fruit Branch, over production of eggs in the Canadian poultry industry, and the development of the Northern Nut Growers Association. One student shares a travel diary from an excursion to Paris while another student comments that inferior rural education contributes to the "rural problemﾔ. Included in this issue is an account of the founding of Macdonald Institute. Beginning in this issue is an article addressing the need for consolidating rural schools to improve rural education. Campus news reports on the controversy of the removal of the formal flowerbeds, and the athletic track and field events. While this issue does not contain a Macdonald column, there is an article on the graduation exercises of the Macdonald Institute. The Alumni column contains notes on the Second Annual O. A. C. Reunion, and alumni and alumnae updates. Experimental chaff The Kingfisher A student in Paris The literature of the future The Dominion Fruit Branch Has Canada an over-production of eggs? Nut culture Macdonald Institute The larger unit in rural education Laziness Midsummer Night Editorial College life Athletics Alumni Locals advertising

This issue continues the address given by Sir Clifford Sifton at the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Professor Unwin concludes his series on Canadian literature. Agricultural articles pertain to the potato industry in British Columbia, how modern conveniences contribute to rural prosperity, management of the European corn borer, and preserving eggs. Included is an article on the forest fieldwork and aerial photography conducted at Sioux Lookout. Campus news highlights the graduation results, the second year banquet, and the Returned Men's dance. The Alumni column contains alumni and alumnae updates. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. Canadian literature: a series Air craft in forest field work at Sioux Lookout, Ont. In 1921 The natural resources of Canada Conveniences Memorial Hall The potato industry in British Columbia Instructions for operations against the European corn borer "Salts" Preserving eggs Casualty list Editorial College life Athletics Pastoral Alumni Locals advertising

This issue begins with an article by Professor Unwin on oratory. The agricultural articles in this issue pertain to the marketing of rutabagas, the objectives of the Ontario Honey Producers Co-operative, propagating tomatoes and roses, and the breeding of Guernsey cattle. Other articles provide a summary of the work of the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union, and a translation of a German article regarding Canada and immigration. Printed in this issue is the prize winning essay on comparing horsepower to tractor power in farming. The editorial addresses the development of Canadian literature and the theatre production of "The Gypsy Rover". Campus news reports on the visit by Canadian poet Charles G. D. Roberts, the success of the annual Conversat, the I. O. D. E. dance, and the C. O. T. C. banquet. The athletic column contains updates on the basketball, hockey, and assault-at-arms teams. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column highlights the trials and tribulations of second year demonstration work, and alumnae updates. Our College Songs Ye good old English speech Canada as a land for immigration Experimental Union report When a turnip puts on airs The Ontario Honey Producers Co-operative Limited Staked tomatoes Horse power versus tractor power on the Eastern Ontario farm Where the Guernsey cow is queen Roses Editorial College life Macdonald Athletics Alumni Locals advertising

This issue begins with the address given by Sir Clifford Sifton at the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Agricultural articles pertain to pursing new markets for Canadian livestock, grading purebred sheep, the work of the Dominion Seed Branch, and the breeders' meetings in Toronto. Professor Unwin continues his series on Canadian literature, while John Lewis of The Globe provides suggestions for future journalists. A five-year B. S. A. degree is proposed for the College. Included in this issue is a history of the Navy League of Canada. The editorial pays tribute to the champion Assault-at-Arms team. Campus news reports on the Returned Men's Dance, the theatre production of "A Pair of Spectacles", and the Annual Oratorical Contest. The Alumni column contains alumni and alumnae updates. The Macdonald Institute column highlights the stunt night in February. The natural resources of Canada A new market for Canadian livestock Canadian literature: a series France: Xmas, 1914 Pure bred ram grading A word to the would-be journalist The Dominion Seed Branch A five-year course at the O. A. C. The Navy League of Canada A glimpse of Northumbrian life The Breeders' meetings Editorial Macdonald College life Athletics Alumni Locals advertising