3 results on '"Lipids"'
Search Results
2. Replacement of saturated with unsaturated fats had no impact on vascular function but beneficial effects on lipid biomarkers, E-selectin, and blood pressure: results from the randomized, controlled Dietary Intervention and VAScular function (DIVAS) study.
- Author
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Vafeiadou, Katerina, Weech, Michelle, Altowaijri, Hana, Todd, Susan, Yaqoob, Parveen, Jackson, Kim G., and Lovegrove, Julie A.
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of unsaturated fatty acids ,SATURATED fatty acids ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,BIOMARKERS ,REGULATION of blood pressure ,PHYSIOLOGY ,BLOOD sugar analysis ,BLOOD-vessel physiology ,ENDOTHELIUM physiology ,ANALYSIS of variance ,BLOOD circulation ,BLOOD pressure measurement ,VASODILATION ,CHI-squared test ,CHOLESTEROL ,FAT content of food ,HIGH density lipoproteins ,INFLAMMATION ,INSULIN resistance ,LONGITUDINAL method ,LOW density lipoproteins ,OMEGA-6 fatty acids ,PROBABILITY theory ,PROTEINS ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,STATISTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,STATISTICAL power analysis ,DATA analysis ,BODY mass index ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,INDEPENDENT living ,BLIND experiment ,DATA analysis software ,WAIST circumference ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test - Abstract
Background: Public health strategies to lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk involve reducing dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake to ≤10% of total energy (%TE). However, the optimal type of replacement fat is unclear. Objective: We investigated the substitution of 9.5-9.6%TE dietary SFAs with either monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or n-6 (v-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on vascular function and other CVD risk factors. Design: In a randomized, controlled, single-blind, parallel-group dietary intervention, 195 men and women aged 21-60 y from the United Kingdom with moderate CVD risk (≥50% above the population mean) followed one of three 16-wk isoenergetic diets (%TE target compositions, total fat:SFA:MUFA:n-6 PUFA) that were rich in SFAs (36:17:11:4, n = 65), MUFAs (36:9:19:4, n = 64), or n-6 PUFAs (36:9:13:10, n = 66). The primary outcome measure was flow-mediated dilatation; secondary outcome measures included fasting serum lipids, microvascular reactivity, arterial stiffness, ambulatory blood pressure, and markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and endothelial activation. Results: Replacing SFAs with MUFAs or n-6 PUFAs did not affect the percentage of flow-mediated dilatation (primary endpoint) or other measures of vascular reactivity. Of the secondary outcome measures, substitution of SFAs with MUFAs attenuated the increase in night systolic blood pressure (-4.9 mm Hg, P = 0.019) and reduced E-selectin (-7.8%, P = 0.012). Replacement with MUFAs or n-6 PUFAs lowered fasting serum total cholesterol (-8.4% and -9.2%, respectively), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-11.3% and -13.6%), and total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (-5.6% and -8.5%) (P ≤ 0.001). These changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol equate to an estimated 17-20% reduction in CVD mortality. Conclusions: Substitution of 9.5-9.6%TE dietary SFAs with either MUFAs or n-6 PUFAs did not significantly affect the percentage of flow-mediated dilatation or other measures of vascular function. However, the beneficial effects on serum lipid biomarkers, blood pressure, and E-selectin offer a potential public health strategy for CVD risk reduction. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01478958. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
- Full Text
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3. How effective are current dietary guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in healthy middle-aged and older men and women? A randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Reidlinger, Dianne P, Darzi, Julia, Hall, Wendy L, Seed, Paul T, Chowienczyk, Philip J, and Sanders, Thomas AB
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BLOOD-vessel physiology ,CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention ,CAROTID artery physiology ,FEMORAL artery ,INSULIN resistance ,BRACHIAL artery ,GERIATRIC nutrition ,ANALYSIS of covariance ,APOLIPOPROTEINS ,BIOMARKERS ,BLOOD testing ,BLOOD circulation ,BLOOD pressure measurement ,BODY weight ,C-reactive protein ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,CHOLESTEROL ,CLINICAL trials ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DIET ,HEART rate monitoring ,HIGH density lipoproteins ,LONGITUDINAL method ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SODIUM ,TONOMETRY ,STATISTICAL power analysis ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,BODY mass index ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,INDEPENDENT living ,BLIND experiment ,FOOD diaries ,PHYSICAL activity ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MIDDLE age ,DIAGNOSIS ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Controversy surrounds the effectiveness of dietary guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in healthy middle-aged and older men and women. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare effects on vascular and lipid CVD risk factors of following the United Kingdom dietary guidelines with a traditional British diet (control). DESIGN: With the use of a parallel-designed randomized controlled trial in 165 healthy nonsmoking men and women (aged 40-70 y), we measured ambulatory blood pressure (BP) on 5 occasions, vascular function, and CVD risk factors at baseline and during 12 wk after random assignment to treatment. The primary outcomes were differences between treatments in daytime ambulatory systolic BP, flow-mediated dilation, and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol. Secondary outcomes were differences between treatment in carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and a measure of insulin sensitivity (Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index). RESULTS: Data were available on 162 participants, and adherence to the dietary advice was confirmed from dietary records and biomarkers of compliance. In the dietary guidelines group (n = 80) compared with control (n = 82), daytime systolic BP was 4.2 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.7, 6.6 mm Hg; P < 0.001) lower, the treatment effect on flow-mediated dilation [-0.62% (95% CI: -1.48%, 0.24%)] was not significant, the total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio was 0.13 (95% CI: 0, 0.26; P = 0.044) lower, pulse wave velocity was 0.29 m/s (95% CI: 0.07, 0.52 m/s; P = 0.011) lower, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was 36% (95% CI: 7%, 48%; P = 0.017) lower, the treatment effect on the Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index [2% (95% CI: -2%, 5%)] was not significant, and body weight was 1.9 kg (95% CI: 1.3, 2.5 kg; P < 0.001) lower. Causal mediated effects analysis based on urinary sodium excretion indicated that sodium reduction explained 2.4 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.0, 3.9 mm Hg) of the fall in blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Selecting a diet consistent with current dietary guidelines lowers BP and lipids, which would be expected to reduce the risk of CVD by one-third in healthy middle-aged and older men and women. This study is registered at www.isrctn.com as 92382106. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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