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2. Can You Hear Me? The Right of Young Children to Participate in Decisions Affecting Them. Working Papers in Early Childhood Development, No. 36
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Bernard Van Leer Foundation (Netherlands) and Lansdown, Gerison
- Abstract
"Can You Hear Me? The Right of Young Children to Participate in Decisions Affecting Them" emphasises that participation enhances children's self-esteem and confidence, promotes their overall capacities, produces better outcomes, strengthens understanding of and commitment to democratic processes and protects children more effectively. Participation provides the opportunity for developing a sense of autonomy, independence, heightened social competence and resilience. The benefits are therefore significant, and adults with both direct and indirect responsibility for children need to acquire a greater humility in recognising that they have a great deal to learn from children. But the case for listening to young children goes beyond the beneficial outcomes. It is also a matter of social injustice and human rights. All people, however young, are entitled to be participants in their own lives, to influence what happens to them, to be involved in creating their own environments, to exercise choices and to have their views respected and valued. (Contains 4 footnotes.)
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- 2005
3. IFLA General Conference, 1992. Division of Libraries Serving the General Public: Section on Children's Libraries; Section on Libraries for the Blind; Section on Public Libraries. Papers.
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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, London (England).
- Abstract
Twelve papers delivered at a joint meeting at the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions annual meeting of the Children's Libraries, Public Libraries, and Libraries for the Blind sections of the Division of Libraries Serving the General Public are presented. Most of the papers deal with library services to children, but several are devoted to literacy issues and services to the blind. The following papers are included: (1) "Promotion of Reading Habits through Home Libraries" (S. Panandiker); (2) "Katha and Its Literacy Projects" (G. Dharmarajan); (3) "Children's Books and Children's Libraries in India" (M. Rao); (4) "Illiteracy and Blindness" (A. Leach); (5) "Guidelines for Public Libraries Working with Illiteracy" (B. Thomas); (6) "A Review of the Draft Document 'International Guidelines for Public Libraries Involved in Literacy Work: A Developing Country View'" (H. K. Raskroka); (7) "A Country Overview of Inter-Library Loan Services of Special Format Material for the Visually Handicapped in India" (V. S. Rawat); (8) "Literacy and Development in the Third World: Could Librarianship Make a Difference?" (R. Gassol de Horowitz); (9) "International Cooperation on Library Services to the Visually Handicapped: Outcome of the Asian Seminar" (H. Kawamura); (10) "Thai-Laos Project on Books for Young People" (S. Singlamanan); (11) "Promotion of Literacy of Handicapped Children in India through Library Services" (C. D. Tamboli); and (12) "Meeting the Needs of Students at an International School" (B. Sen). Several papers are followed by references. (SLD)
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- 1992
4. IFLA General Conference, 1992. Division of Management and Technology: Audiovisual Media (RT); Section on Library Services to Multicultural Populations; Section on Library Buildings and Equipment; Section on Information Technology; Management of Library Associations (RT); Section on Statistics. Papers
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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, London (England).
- Abstract
Eleven papers delivered at the annual meeting of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions for the Division of Management and Technology are presented. Some were presented at a roundtable on audiovisual media, and others are from sessions on library buildings and equipment, information management, and statistics in library management. The following papers are included: (1) "Sound Archives in All India Radio" (H. M. Joshi); (2) "International Market for Spoken Books" (V. Arora, I. Bell, and M. Jenkins); (3) "Talking Books in Arabic, Kurdish, Turkish, and Urdu" (S. Tastesen); (4) "Library Building in the Tropics: The Saint Martin Experience' (B. Hodge); (5) "Model Architectural Design of a Library: Advantages and Defects of the Soviet Experience" (A. Zimonenko); (6) "Automated Strategies for Social Development" (K. S. Oswalt); (7) "Computer and Software for Information Services: An Overview of Mexican Progress" (J. Lau and M. Castro); (8) "Adapting Technologies for Library Processing Projects: Africa, Asia, and South America" (A. R. Pierce); (9) "Librarianship: Profession, Semi-Profession or Mere Occupation?: Surveying the Process of Change and Development in British Librarianship Today" (M. Freeman); (10) "Probability, Statistics and Library Management" (S. K. Basu); and (11) "Le Mesure de la satisfaction des usagers: Statistiques et enguetes aupres du public" (M.-D. Heusse) (French text). (SLD)
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- 1992
5. IFLA General Conference, 1992. Division of Collections and Services: Section on Acquisition and Exchange; Section on Serial Publications; Section on Interlending and Document Delivery. Papers.
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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, London (England).
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Eight papers for the Collections and Services Division of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions that were given at the 1992 annual meeting are presented. These papers deal with the acquisition and exchange of library materials, interlending, and serial publications. The following papers are included: (1) "Why Won't You Accept My Order? Global Acquisitions Solutions" (T. Leisner); (2) "South Asian Literature: Acquisition and Processing in West European Libraries" (G. F. Baumann); (3) "The Interlibrary Loan (ILL) Protocol: Progress and Projects" (L. Swain and P. Tallim); (4) "Sci-Tech Libraries: New Approach to Interlibrary Loans" (E. Eronina); (5) "Improving Interlending through Goal Setting and Performance Measurement" (J. Willemse); (6) "OSIRIS, a Microcomputer Based Online Serials Information, Registration and Inquiry System" (S. Santiago); (7) "Serial Publications in India" (P. K. Gupta); and (8) "Basic Serials Management Handbook" (J. Szilvassy). Most papers are followed by references.
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- 1992
6. Policy and Practice in Initial Teacher Training. Quality in Basic Education: Professional Development of Teachers. Papers Presented at a South Asian Colloquium on Teacher Training (Colombo, Sri Lanka, April 1992).
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Commonwealth Secretariat, London (England). and Thomas, Elwyn
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This publication is one of two prepared for a South Asian colloquium on issues related to teacher training in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. This volume includes four papers presented at the conference. The papers present an analytical view of both policy and practical measures on teacher education. The first paper, "The Professional Development and Training of Teacher Educators" (Elwyn Thomas) examines recruitment, training, and career development in teacher education. The second paper, "Teacher Education: The Quest for Quality" (Motilal Sharma), looks at issues in teacher education in Asia, including World Bank involvement and regional cooperation. The third paper, "A Critique of Policy and Practice in India and Bangladesh" (Adarsh Khanna), analyzes preservice and inservice teacher education in India and Bangladesh, the chief strengths of the Indian and Bangladesh systems, and the importance of aid agency projects. The fourth paper, "Initial Teacher Training in Pakistan" (Haroona Jatoi), explores preservice and inservice teacher training in Pakistan. (Individual papers contains references.) (ND)
- Published
- 1993
7. IFLA General Conference, 1992. Division of Special Libraries: Section on Art Libraries; Section on Geography and Map Libraries; Section on Government Libraries; Section on Science and Technology Libraries. Papers.
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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, London (England).
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The following 21 papers were delivered for the Special Libraries Division of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions at its 1992 annual meeting: (1) "From Indochina to Afghanistan: Arts from Abroad in Parisian Libraries" (M. F. Macouin); (2) "The Indonesian Archeology Photograph and Documentation System (IAPDS) in Leiden" (H. I. R. Hinzler); (3) "The Collection Development and Organisation of Art Materials: The Cultural Center of the Philippines in Context" (E. R. Peralejo); (4) "Resources for the Conservation of Southeast Asian Art" (S. G. Swartzburg); (5) "The Moravian Mission and Its Research on the Language and Culture of Western Tibet: A Case Study for Collection Development" (H. Walravens); (6) "The National Art Library and the Indian Collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London" (J. F. van der Wateren); (7) "Collection Development and Acquisition of Art Materials with Special Reference to South and South-East Asia: A Case Study of the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts" (A. P. Gakhar); (8) "Map Collection of the National Library and Its Users' Pattern" (D. K. Mittra and A. K. Ghatak); (9) "Russian Maps of Asia" (N. Ye. Kotelnikova); (10) "A Survey of Maps and Atlases Published in India" (A. K. Ghatak); (11) "Government Libraries in India: An Overview" (M. K. Jain); (12) "Technology as an Agent for Communication" (E. J. Valauskas); (13) "Changing Duties: Relations between Library and Information Work" (A. G. A. Staats); (14) "Access to Scientific and Technical Information: The Greenlight or Not?" (D. Stoica); (15) "Initiatives To Facilitate Access to S&T (Science and Technology) Information in India" (A. Lahiri); (16) "Improving Access to Scientific Literature in Developing Countries--A UNESCO Programme Review" (A. Abid); (17) "Science, Technology and Libraries in French-Speaking Africa" (H. Sene); (18) "Productivity, Impact and Quality of Scientific Work at the UNAM (National Autonomous University of Mexico): Actions for their Acknowledgement" (P. Dector); (19) "The Post-Perestroyika Sci-Tech Libraries: Will They Survive?" (A. Zemskov); (20) "Access to Information and Science Development in the Developing World" (S. Arunachalam); and (21) "Manuscript Collections in Indian Libraries with Special Emphasis on National Library" (S. Akhtar). (SLD)
- Published
- 1992
8. Initial Teacher Training: South Asian Approaches. Quality in Basic Education: Professional Development of Teachers. Papers Prepared for a South Asian Colloquium on Teacher Training in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka (Colombo, Sri Lanka, April 1992).
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Commonwealth Secretariat, London (England).
- Abstract
This publication is one of two prepared for a South Asian Colloquium on issues related to teacher training in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The papers in this volume focus on innovations and alternative strategies designed to improve quality in teacher education at preservice phase. The publication is in five sections. The first four sections were prepared by the respective national Ministries of Education. Section 1 is on Bangladesh and includes an overview of literacy and primary education and a discussion of provisions for initial training of teachers, the funding of education, and problems and remedies. Section 2, on India, includes a brief history of India's educational system, a review of key issues in the National Policy of Education, a discussion of issues facing Indian educators in the nineties, and several data tables. Pakistan is the focus of section 3 which looks at historical perspectives on teacher training, training of elementary and secondary teachers, qualifications for teacher educators, innovations in teacher training, analysis of teacher training programs, financing of teacher education, and recommendations for future development. The fourth section is on Sri Lanka and covers inservice and preservice teacher education, successful innovations in teacher training, problems and issues, and statistical information. The final section is an overview by Beatrice Avalos which summarizes the educational context and the characteristics, issues, and alternatives of teacher education in general and in each of the four countries. (Individual sections contain references.) (ND)
- Published
- 1993
9. Teaching and Research in International Law in Asia and the Pacific. Report of a Regional Consultation Meeting Including Nine Country Status Surveys (Seoul, Republic of Korea, October 10-13, 1984). Social and Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific. RUSHSAP Series on Occasional Monographs and Papers, 11.
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Office for Education in Asia and the Pacific.
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Information on teaching and research in international law for countries of the Asia-Pacific region is presented in proceedings of a 1984 conference sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. In addition to a regional overview, suggestions are offered for promoting regional cooperation in international law. Challenges in the teaching and study of international law, problems areas for students graduating in international law, and problems of the profession are considered. Status reports for nine countries on teaching and research in international law are provided by conference participants as follows: Australia (James Crawford), India (M. L. Upadhyaya), Indonesia (Komar Kantaatmadja), Japan (Onuma Yasuaki), Republic of Korea (Chi Young Pak), Pakistan (M. A. Mannan), The Philippines (Adolfo S. Azcuna), Sri Lanka (A. R. B. Amerasinghe), and Thailand (Vitit Muntarbhorn). Appendices include: a conference program, list of participants and brief introductory conference addresses by Jae Hoon Choi, E. Hyock Kwon, Bong-shik Park, and Yogesh Atal. (SW)
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- 1985
10. SOCIAL EDUCATION THROUGH TELEVISION, AN ALL INDIA RADIO-UNESCO PILOT PROJECT. REPORTS AND PAPERS ON MASS COMMUNICATION, NO. 38.
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France).
- Abstract
TELECLUBS, BECAUSE OF THE NOVELTY OF TELEVISION, WERE SO POPULAR THAT OVERCROWDING, AS WELL AS UNEVEN ATTENDANCE BY CLUB MEMBERS, AFFECTED THE GOAL OF EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF TELECASTS ON CITIZENSHIP. GREATER SUCCESS WAS REALIZED IN BRINGING ABOUT SHIFTS IN INFORMATION THAN IN ATTITUDES, PERHAPS, BECAUSE THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP STARTED AT A HIGHER LEVEL OF ATTITUDE THAN INFORMATION. THE MEMBERS WERE MOSTLY LOWER MIDDLE CLASS AND MALE, WITH A HIGH REPRESENTATION OF PROFESSIONALS. A BASELINE SURVEY AND A TERMINAL SURVEY OF 20 CLUBS AND THEIR 418 MEMBERS MEASURED THE IMPACT OF 20 SPECIAL TELECASTS. A SUPPLEMENTARY GROUP PARTICIPATION ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE WAS GIVEN TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE NUMBER OF FRIENDS THE MEMBERS HAD IN THE TELECLUBS ON THEIR ATTENDANCE, PARTICIPATION, AND RESPONSE. THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE AS B.1922 FROM NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS OF UNESCO PUBLICATIONS OF FROM THE DIVISION OF FREE FLOW OF INFORMATION, UNESCO, PLACE DE FONTENOY, PARIS-7E, FRANCE, FOR $0.50. (MF)
- Published
- 1963
11. Integrating Lifelong Learning Perspectives.
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Hamburg (Germany). Inst. for Education. and Medel-Anonuevo, Carolyn
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This publication is comprised of 43 papers on the topic of promoting lifelong learning. The papers in Part 1, Overcoming False Dichotomies, are "Lifelong Learning in the North, Education for All in the South" (Torres); "Practice of Lifelong Learning in Indigenous Africa" (Omolewa); "Gender and Information Societies" (Youngs); and "Lifelong Learning for a Modern Learning Society" (Somtrakool). Part 2, Scanning Developments in the Regions, consists of these papers: "Challenges of Lifelong Learning in Africa" (Tapsoba); "Promoting Community-Based Learning Centers in Asia-Pacific" (Oyasu); "European Union (EU) Memorandum on Lifelong Learning" (Smith); "Hungarian Response to the EU Memorandum on Lifelong Learning" (Istvan); "Regional Framework for Action for Adult and Youth Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (2001-10)" (Jauregui de Gainza); and "Lifelong Learning" (Essefi). Part 3, Promoting Democratization, contains these papers: "Learning in a Global Society" (Alexander); "Citizenship and Democracy in Socrates' and Grundtvig's Europe" (Ronai); "Education for Non-Discrimination" (Millan); "Lifelong Learning and Work in Developing Countries" (Pieck); "Globalization, Lifelong Learning, and Response of the Universities" (Peng); and "Combining the World of Work with the World of Education" (Romijn). The papers in Part 5, Making Lifelong Learning Work for Women, are "Gender Equality in Basic Education" (Messina); "Women as Lifelong Learners" (Benaicha); and "Lifelong Learning for Elimination of Violence Against Women" (Kuninobu). The papers in Part 6, Learning Across Generations, are "Achieving Youth Empowerment Through Peer Education" (Wissa); and "Role of Intergenerational Programs in Promoting Lifelong Learning for All Ages" (Ohsako). The papers in Part 7, Learning Across Cultures, are "Cultural Contexts of Learning: East Meets West" (Yang); "Building Community Through Study Circles" (Oliver); "Culturally-Based Adult Education" (Smith); and "Perspective of Lifelong Learning in South Asia" (Bordia). In Part 8, Laying Foundations and Sustaining Achievements Through Literacy and Nonformal Education, are "Literacy Linked Women Development Programs" (Usha); "Lifelong Learning Policy and Practices in the Laos People's Democratic Republic" (Mithong Souvanvixay); "Distance Learning and Adult Education" (Wilson, White); "Role of Partnerships in the Promotion of Lifelong Learning" (Lin); and "Toward the Eradication of Illiteracy Among Youth and Adults in China" (Guodong). Part 9, Creating Environments Conducive to Lifelong Learning, has these papers: "Learning Cities/Region in the Framework of Lifelong Learning" (Doukas); "Adult Education and Lifelong Learning in Sweden" (Salin); "Promoting Lifelong Learning in Beijing for a Learning Society" (Shuping); and "Reorienting Teachers as Lifelong Learners" (Tiedao). (YLB)
- Published
- 2002
12. Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Education: Effectively Integrating Technology in Under-Resourced Education Systems
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World Bank, Vivek, Kumar, and Bhattacharjee, Pradyumna
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Education systems in under-resourced environments face several challenges, some of them exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. A possible way to address some of the challenges is to apply information and communication technologies. However, effectively integrating technology into education systems is a complex task. In this paper, factors contributing to successful integration of technology in education are explored, with a focus on under-resourced contexts. Case studies of successful technology implementation in education systems are discussed and analyzed to identify the factors that drive success. The analysis is framed using the reform strategy offered by The World Development Report 2018 ("Learning to Realize Education's Promise"). This is expected to provide policymakers and practitioners a way to align their education technology initiatives and strategies with the larger education reform agenda. Key lessons identified from the analysis are as follows. First, it is necessary to articulate "what" precisely does the technology intervention change/enable. Second, it is important to better understand the context to develop technologies and implementation strategies that fit the operating context. Third, it is essential to regularly monitor and evaluate programs and to feed that information into continuously improving design and implementation. Fourth, through the entire cycle of technology implementation, stakeholders must be consulted, understood, and empowered. However small the intervention, realizing the potential of technology tools in education requires keeping in mind the big picture offered by these lessons. [For "Learning to Realize Education's Promise. World Development Report, 2018," see ED604389.]
- Published
- 2021
13. Educating for Creativity: Bringing the Arts and Culture into Asian Education. Report of the Asian Regional Symposia on Arts Education: Measuring the Impact of Arts in Education (Hong Kong SAR, China, January 9-11, 2004) and Transmissions and Transformations: Learning through the Arts in Asia (New Delhi, India, March 21-24, 2005)
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). and Meleisea, Ellie
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The publication recounts two symposiums on Arts Education that took place in Hong Kong and New Delhi, India in January 2004 and March 2005 respectively. Two sections include papers covering the current situation of arts education in Asia and plans for the future. The first part has an introduction to culture and arts education in Asia, the vision and opportunities. It continues with a summary of outcomes from Asia region meetings on arts in education. A case is then made for mainstreaming the arts in Asian education, illustrated by four case studies. The final section discusses influencing policy and actions for reform in various countries in the region. Section two provides a glimpse into the future of arts education. Two papers discuss research on arts education outcomes and an evaluation framework; a further two focus on action plans and initiatives. An annex contains (1) an appeal from UNESCO Director General Koichiro Matsuura for promotion of arts education and creativity at school as part of the construction of a culture of peace; (2) papers presented at the symposia; (3) list of participants; and (4) reference resources. (Contains 7 tables.) [The Asian regional symposium on Arts Education, "Measuring the Impact of Arts in Education," was a cooperative effort between the Office of the UNESCO Regional Advisor for Culture in Asia and the Pacific and the Hong Kong Institute of Contemporary Culture (HKICC). The symposium on Arts in Asian Education, "Transmissions and Transformations: Learning through the Arts in Asia," was a joint effort between the Office of the UNESCO Regional Advisor for Culture in Asia and the Pacific, and the India International Centre-Asia Project (IIC-Asia Project).]
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- 2005
14. Globalization, English Language Policy, and Teacher Agency: Focus on Asia
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Hamid, M. Obaidul and Nguyen, Hoa Thi Mai
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This paper focuses on English teachers in Asia in the context of globalization, the global spread of English and the emergence of English as an "Asian language." It highlights the dilemmas facing these teachers in meeting the growing social demands of English proficiency in a technology-influenced, managerial and neoliberal education environment with limited expertise, skills and policy support. We locate the paper in language policy and planning (LPP) within which the concept of micro-level agency provides a critical lens. We draw on insights from several Asian countries including Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan and Vietnam. We argue that while English teachers are found to exercise their agency to meet changing demands of English proficiency, this agency can be seen as the result of what we call "policy dumping" at the macro-level--i.e. education policymakers not paying due attention to the requirements of policy implementation but dumping down policies to educational institutions and English teachers for their implementation. We conclude the paper by suggesting implications for English language policies in Asian countries that respond to globalization and the dominant discourses of English in a globalized world.
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- 2016
15. Challenges and Concerns for Library and Information Science (LIS) Education in India and South Asia
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Kaur, Trishanjit
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This paper presents some of the challenges and concerns for library and information science (LIS) education in India. In order to provide context for these challenges, the paper begins with a brief overview of higher education in India in general and then discusses the beginning of LIS education. It briefly summarizes LIS education in South Asia to provide additional context. The paper discusses concerning issues, including curriculum, accreditation, program delivery through distance education, and research in LIS. The paper goes on to highlight some of the challenges that LIS educators face in India. It concludes with suggestions about how some of these challenges might be addressed including implementation of the Recommendations of National Knowledge Commission. The need for a Model Curriculum in order for LIS to fill the gap between needs of the users and skills of library professionals is also discussed.
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- 2015
16. Community Based Rehabilitation: Information Accumulation & Exchange. South Asian Research Notes.
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Miles, M.
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This paper reviews research and evaluates information gathered on disabilities and service development in South Asia, especially India and Pakistan. The concept of "community-based rehabilitation" (CBR), which stresses the need for rehabilitation efforts rooted in the context of local cultural concepts, is discussed. The paper emphasizes the necessity of integrating philosophical and anthropological perspectives into disability information development and community-based rehabilitation programs. The paper recommends rehabilitation efforts that incorporate indigenous disability-related practices, such as casual educational integration, and that integrate local concepts of the child, personhood, ability, disability, and relationships. A review of South Asian information resources, especially those concerning mental retardation, suggests the difficulty of developing indigenous knowledge production when Western material is easily accessible. The historical development of some Asian and European community responses to disability is outlined as background for a description of the rise of CBR programs in India and Pakistan during the 1980s. Among issues discussed are CBR training, information technology, program evaluation, and the roles of foreign rehabilitation professionals and aid and development organizations. (Contains 247 references.) (DB)
- Published
- 1996
17. The Kuznets Curve of Education: A Global Perspective on Education Inequalities. CEE DP 116
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London School of Economics & Political Science, Centre for the Economics of Education, Morrison, Christian, and Murtin, Fabrice
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Education is recognized to be a key factor of economic development, not only giving access to technological progress as emphasized by the Schumpeterian growth theory, but also entailing numerous social externalities such as the demographic transition (Murtin, 2009) or democratization (Murtin and Wacziarg, 2010). If the evolution of world distributions of income and longevity over the last two centuries have been described by Bourguignon and Morrisson (2002), changes in the world distribution of education have remained unexplored until now, despite their major importance. How has global education inequality evolved over the twentieth century? How should it be measured? Up to now, existing studies on education inequality have had limited spatial and time coverage. For example, Castello and Domenech (2002) and Thomas et al. (2001) provide a descriptive analysis of years of schooling inequality for a broad panel of countries, but their study starts only in 1960. Also, they remain at the country level and do not consider the world distribution of years of schooling, which takes into account educational differences both within and between countries. In contrast, this paper depicts the world distribution of education over 140 years, improving and extending the database recently released by Morrisson and Murtin (2009), which focuses on average years of schooling. The authors provide both average years of schooling and the distribution of education as summarised up by four quantiles in each country. Importantly, this new database is cross-validated by historical data on illiteracy rates. Then, they describe average stocks of primary, secondary and tertiary schooling by region since 1870, and estimate world inequality in years of schooling, which has been dramatically reduced since 1870. Focusing on the measurement of education inequality, this paper raises an important methodological issue. The authors show that a substantial share of inequality in years of schooling can be mechanically explained by a single component of the distribution of education, namely the population that has not attended school, subsequently called the illiterate population. Actually, they find that the observed decrease in inequality in years of schooling over the XXth century is almost entirely explained by the decline in illiteracy. They believe that this result, derived both theoretically and empirically, could help to reconsider an empirical fact discussed in the literature on education inequality (see Berthelemy (2006)), namely the cross-country negative correlation between the average of and the inequality in years of schooling. This correlation mainly reflects the negative and mechanical correlation between average schooling and the illiteracy rate. In line with a recent macroeconomic literature (see for instance Hall and Jones (1999)), the authors then turn to human capital as defined by Mincer (1974), in order to confer a monetary dimension to education. They propose estimates of the world inequality in human capital, examining several definitions for human capital. They focus on one functional form in particular, which accounts for the existence of diminishing returns to schooling. It is the only one that can account for the cross-country negative correlation between Mincer returns to schooling and average years of schooling, as described by Psacharopoulos and Patrinos (2004). At the national level, they find that that human capital inequality within countries has increased then stabilized or even decreased in most regions of the world. When plotted against average years of schooling, human capital inequality within countries has clearly followed an inverted U-shape curve, namely a "Kuznets curve of education". At the global level, they also find that human capital inequality has increased from 1870 to approximatively 1970, then has decreased. They interpret these findings as a consequence of mass education and the existence of diminishing returns to schooling. (Contains 6 tables, 6 figures and 14 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2010
18. Literacy, Knowledge and Development: South-South Policy Dialogue on Quality Education for Adults and Young People
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UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL) (Germany), Singh, Madhu, and Castro Mussot, Luz-Maria
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This publication contains the results of the conference "South-South Policy Dialogue on Quality Education for Adults and Young People" that took place in Mexico City in 2005. Articles were written by participants who presented their national programmes from the governmental perspective, which were reflected in the literacy policies, but there were also important contributions on basic education and competence recognition. Accent was put on the experiences of four countries that were considered as locomotives of development in the field: Brazil, India, South Africa and Mexico. Nevertheless, dialogue was also enriched by information provided by other African, Asian and Latin American countries: Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Bangladesh, Thailand, China, Guatemala, Nicaragua and the Arab States as a whole. This publication contains the following papers: (1) Adult Learning: Situation, Trends and Prospects (Chris Chinien); (2) Brazil's National Programme for Adult and Youth Education (Ricardo Henriques and Timothy Ireland); (3) India's National Adult Education Programme (Satish Loomba and A. Mathew); (4) Mexico's National Adult Education Programme (Luz-Maria Castro-Mussot and Maria Luisa de Anda); (5) South Africa's National Adult Education Programme (Morongwa Ramarumo and Vernon Jacobs); (6) Adult Literacy and Learning in Bangladesh: The UNESCO and NGO Experience (Ahmadullah Mia and Wolfgang Vollmann); (7) Thailand's National Programme of Adult and Youth Education (Roong Aroon and Wilaipan Somtrakool); (8) A System of Quality Education for Adults and Youth in China (Yuquan Qiao); (9) Adult and Youth Education in Nicaragua (Nydia Veronica Gurdian and Elizabeth Navarro); (10) Challenges for the Construction of a Policy for Quality Adult and Youth Education in Guatemala (Ilda Moran de Garcia and Otto Rivera); (11) Namibia's Adult Literacy and Learning Programme (Beans Uazembua Ngatjizeko); (12) Mozambique's Literacy and Adult Education Programmes: A Sub-sector Strategy (Ernesto Muianga); (13) Educating Adults and Youth in Tanzania: Complementary Basic Education (COBET) and Integrated Community-Based Adult Education (ICBAE) (Basilina Levira and Valentino Gange); (14) The Context of Literacy Development and Adult Education in Angola (Juao Romeu and Luisa Grilo); and (15) Adult Education in the Arab Region (Seham Najem, Aicha Barki and Nour Dajani-Shehabi). Also included are: (1) Index of Persons; (2) Index of Subjects; and (3) Index of Subjects by Country. Individual papers contain figures, tables, footnotes and references. [This paper was created with the Mexican National Institute for Adult Education (INEA).]
- Published
- 2007
19. Youth in Transition: The Challenges of Generational Change in Asia. Proceedings of the Biennial General Conference of the Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils (15th, Canberra, Australia, 2005)
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United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok (Thailand)., Academy of Social Sciences in Australia, Canberra., Gale, Fay, and Fahey, Stephanie
- Abstract
This book originates from a conference of the Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils and contains writings and research reports on Youth in Transition in the Asia and Pacific region. The definition of "youth" varies from country to country and ranges between the ages of 10 to 35. The publication summarizes issues in the region, generally regarded as a critical stage before adulthood. Due to local requirements and the development stage of countries in the region, the focus of adolescent studies deals with a wide range of topics such as indigenous people, rural-urban migration, lifestyle, population policy, and technology. Statistics also show that the current generation of youth is immensely different from its predecessors as a result of improved healthcare, rise of technology, and globalization. The differences cover not just livelihood factors such as marriage, sexuality, habits, or employment but also the bigger picture including demographics and culture. Economic development and technology have given rise to a new breed of youth in the Asia and Pacific region where some of them became promising entrepreneurs, political/community leaders, city dwellers, or some just choose to cling to a more traditional existence. Following an introduction (Stephanie Fahey and Fay Gale), papers in this document include: (1) Youth in Asia: An overview (Yogesh Atal); (2) Youth, Cultures and Societies in Transition: The Challenges of Growing up in a Globalized World (Jeffrey Jensen Arnett); (3) Global Cultural Change and Young People's Wellbeing (Richard Eckersley); (3) Globalisation and an Epidemic: The Consequences of HIV/AIDS for Young People (Doreen Rosenthal); (4) A Demographic View of Changing Youth in Asia (Graeme Hugo); (5) Generational Change and Cyberpolitics in Asia (Stephanie Fahe); (6) Indigenous Australian Young Peoples: The Winds of Change (Gregory Phillips); (7) Are Youths Moving Forward? A Bangladesh Perspective (Abdur Rahim Khan); (8) Government Policies and Programs for Youth Development in India (Hardip Singh Kingra); (9) Youth Migration and Change in Indonesia (Aswatini Raharto and Mita Noveria); (10) Youth in the Japanese Society (Ushiogi Morikazu and Watabe Makoto); (11) Malaysian Youth: From Government Policies to Grassroots Aspirations (Rashila Ramli); (12) The Only-Child Generation: Chinese Youth in a Transformative Era (Wu Xiaoying); (13) The Filipino Youth Today: Their Strengths and the Challenges They Face (Joseph H. Puyat); (14) Online Games Dynamics in Korean Society: Experiences and Lifestyles in the Online Game World (Sang-Min Whang); (15) Demographic and Economic Pressures to Move: Youth Aspirations and Livelihood Opportunities for Youth in the Liberal Economic Environment of Sri Lanka (Siri T. Hettige); (16) Monitoring the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Thailand (Amara Pongsapich); and (17) Vietnam's Youth in Transition (Nguyen Thi My). (Individual papers contain references.) [This document was published by Regional Unit for Social and Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific, UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education, as well as the Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils (AASSREC). Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2005
20. Governance of Open Universities--A Few Observations on Trends in Asia
- Author
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Kaushik, Madhulika and Dhanarajan, G.
- Abstract
Like all organisations, good governance is a fundamental requirement for the responsible and accountable management of universities in general and open universities in particular. This is to ensure that these (open) universities remain relevant to their mission of facilitating unfettered access to higher education for citizens and at the same time continue being reliable contributors to personal and institutional developments, the vital ingredients to maintaining sustained national development. While several studies have, in the past, been conducted on governance of universities, almost all of them have centred around conventional, face-to-face institutions. Not much published literature is in evidence on the governance of Open Universities. This paper, drawing from a study on the governance of a few open universities in Asia, tries to discuss the nature of their challenges, and the lessons that can be drawn from their practices and experience. The study focused on aspects relating to institutional autonomies such as curriculum, budgeting and financial management, admission standards, conferment of qualifications, academic staff appointments, development and promotions and research policies. Our findings indicate that, similar to conventional systems, the state plays a crucial role in many aspects of governance both in publicly funded and privately supported institutions. Recent attempts at governance transformation towards greater institutional autonomies is beginning to show limited changes in some but not all jurisdictions studied.
- Published
- 2018
21. International Students of Higher Education in the United States: A GIS Study of Their Origination and Location
- Author
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Yao, Yuan and Tong, Yonghong
- Abstract
This study investigated the places of origin of international students and their distribution in the United States higher education. The data concerning the population of international students were obtained from the official website of International Institution of Education (IIE), and transferred into three maps using geographic information systems (GIS) software so that a more direct view of the data was available. The results of the study showed that (1) A larger proportion of international students come from Asian countries; (2) California, New York, and Texas are the top three states hosting international students; (3) most of the universities enrolling international students are located in the eastern part of the country; and (4) the states with already large international student populations experienced a faster growth in the population of international students over the past five years. Some implications for policy planning are discussed at the end of this paper.
- Published
- 2018
22. South Asia in the Global Electronic Village: Issues and Implications.
- Author
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Singh, Jagtar
- Abstract
This paper discusses issues related to developments in computer and communication technologies in south Asia. The first section considers the Internet and its impact. Paradigm shifts and globalization are addressed in the second section, including the shifts away from stand alone libraries to library and information networks, ownership to access, just-in-case to just-in-time, print-based publications to digital documents, stand alone libraries to networked systems, intermediary model to end-user model, command-based systems to menu-based systems, linear to non-linear mode of access, hierarchical to non-hierarchical systems, one-way dissemination of information to interactive communication, bundling of scholarly journal to unbundling, stability to instability, physical format to formless data, and top-down to bottom-up systems. The third section examines the existing gaps and inequality between and within developed and developing countries. South Asia and its problems are described in the fourth section, including geographical, socioeconomic, and political factors, as well as steps in the direction of regional cooperation and socioeconomic development such as SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) and SAPTA (SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement). The conclusion points out the need to coordinate and consolidate the resources and services of different types of libraries in South Asia and describes some resource sharing programs in the region. Contains 32 references. (MES)
- Published
- 1999
23. Cultural Conceptions of Flipped Learning: Examining Asian Perspectives in the 21st Century
- Author
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Skelcher, Shannon
- Abstract
The use of flipped learning as a pedagogical approach has increased in the 21st century. While there is an existing survey of literature regarding the development in American educational institutions--and fewer in an Asian context--there are some unique cultural considerations that may need to be examined regarding flipped learning's adoption and adaptation in Asia. This paper serves as a literature review focusing on several Asian nations with respect to three major considerations in comparison to the United States: geographical, educational, and cultural. After the comprehensive review, which comments on the number of relevant publications available per nation, this paper concludes that there is no significant barrier to the implementation of flipped learning in Asia beyond the existing considerations apparent in the United States (access, time, and institutional support). Additionally, the prevalence of flipped learning in Asia, and the purposes of various studies surveyed, indicate that cultural barriers, at least in this area, are becoming less notable or authoritative as national or historical distinctions are diminishing through Millennials' tendencies toward globalization.
- Published
- 2017
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24. Asian and African Civilizations: Course Description, Topical Outline, and Sample Unit.
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Columbia Univ., New York, NY. Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Center for Independent School Education. and Beaton, Richard A.
- Abstract
This paper provides a skeleton of a one-year course in Asian and African civilizations intended for upper school students. The curricular package consists of four parts. The first part deals with the basic shape and content of the course as envisioned. The remaining three parts develop a specific unit on classical India with a series of teacher notes, a set of student readings that can be used according to individual needs, and a prose narrative of content with suggestions for extension and inclusion. (EH)
- Published
- 1995
25. National Responses to International Satellite Television.
- Author
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Jayakar, Krishna P.
- Abstract
Star TV, the first international satellite broadcast system in Asia, has had a profound effect on national broadcasting systems, most of which are rigidly controlled, state owned monopoly organizations. The purpose of this paper was to study the response of national governments, media industries, and the general public to this multichannel direct broadcast service. India is used as a case study because it is generally representative of Asian national broadcast environments and has been specially targeted as a potential market for Star TV's services. Public response to the service has been enthusiastic. Industry has mainly viewed it as a short-term, money-making opportunity. Governments, however, perceive Star TV as a commercial/economic enterprise, and their policy responses have also been governed by this perception. Efforts made by governments so far have been either to strengthen domestic broadcast systems, or to control cable systems that function as carriers for satellite signals. No attempt has been made to apply the provisions of international law which guarantee nations the right of prior consultation and consent to satellite broadcasting or to evolve supranational regional regulatory frameworks. (Contains 25 references.) (Author/KRN)
- Published
- 1993
26. High Performance Work System, HRD Climate and Organisational Performance: An Empirical Study
- Author
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Muduli, Ashutosh
- Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to study the relationship between high-performance work system (HPWS) and organizational performance and to examine the role of human resource development (HRD) Climate in mediating the relationship between HPWS and the organizational performance in the context of the power sector of India. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical research paper has been conceptualized on the basis of extensive literature survey and examined through a case-based approach. Data and information collected to examine strength of the proposed hypothesis in the context of a power-based company in India. Findings: Agreeing with most of the research, HPWS is found to be positively related with organizational performance. The result does not agree with the HPWS research conducted in Asian countries. Taking clues from "Black Box" approach, the role of HRD Climate as a mediating factor has been studied. The result proved that HPWS influences organizational performance through a supportive development environment (HRD climate) based on openness, confrontation, trust, authenticity, proaction, autonomy, collaboration and experimentation (OCTAPAC). Research limitations/implications: Designing and implementing HPWS requires the organization to nurture and develop a suitable HRD climate through development of organizational culture based on OCTAPAC. Practical implications: Implications for HRD-HPWS practices such as group-based pay, decentralized participative decisions, self-managed work teams, social and family events, and appraisal based on team goals along with OCTAPAC culture can significantly contribute to the transfer climate by influencing both peer and supervisor. It can significantly contribute to training motivation by influencing both career and job attitudes, and organizational commitment of trainees. Originality/value: The research is unique in its attempt to understand the role HRD climate as intermediating variables to enhance the effectiveness of HPWS. This may add a lot of value in encouraging organizations to establish HRD Climate.
- Published
- 2015
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27. Digital Library Education: Global Trends and Issues
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Shem, Magaji
- Abstract
The paper examines trends and issues in digital education programmes globally, drawing examples of developmental growth of Library Information Science (LIS), schools and digital education courses in North America, Britain, and Southern Asia, the slow growth of LIS schools and digital education in Nigeria and some countries in Africa and India. The literature so far visited dictated problems of inadequacy in digital education globally to dearth of faculty, training facilities, no collaboration among LIS schools in developing countries, encouraging collaborations in developed countries and not many students attracted to the course. Recommended solutions are suggested for attracting students into the programme and what to do to make it competitive like other programmes in the universities.
- Published
- 2015
28. Practitioners, Learning Difference and Regional and Remote Inclusive Education Settings: A Focused Analysis of the Research and Policy Literature
- Author
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Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE) and Hollitt, Julie A.
- Abstract
This literature review interrogates current international writing about inclusive education (IE) in regional and remote settings, with explicit reference to Australian considerations, including the emergent National Curriculum. The task of this review has been to establish the types of knowledge reported about IE in minority, marginalized and "other" inclusive educational settings, and to locate the absences of knowledge that the current literature indicates. Finally, future directions for research into IE in minority educational settings are proposed. (Contains 4 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2012
29. Youth-Led Initiative in Community Service-Learning Projects and Their Learning Experience
- Author
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Ngee, Lee Mah
- Abstract
This paper presents a study of 428 youths who participated in service-learning projects in developing countries in South-East Asia, China and India. Using mixed-method approach, this study examined the reasons for their participation in the YEP (youth expedition projects) and the impact of their service-learning experiences on their civic attitudes and competence skills. Positive outcomes in civic engagement, competence skills and development of sense of self for participants as a whole and in terms of age group are discussed. The author concludes that it is important to make service-learning an explicit training and educational goal in order for educators to facilitate the building of capacities in youths, so that they can appreciate the value that service-learning can bring in character development and shape early commitment to civic involvement. (Contains 5 tables.)
- Published
- 2011
30. Hepatitis B and the Case of the Missing Women
- Author
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Oster, Emily
- Abstract
In many Asian countries the ratio of male to female population is higher than in the West: as high as 1.07 in China and India, and even higher in Pakistan. A number of authors (most notably Amartya Sen) have suggested that this imbalance reflects excess female mortality and have argued that as many as 100 million women are "missing." This paper proposes an explanation for some of the observed overrepresentation of men: the hepatitis B virus. I present new evidence, consistent with an existing scientific literature, that carriers of the hepatitis B virus have offspring sex ratios around 1.50 boys for each girl. This evidence includes both cross-country analyses and a natural experiment based on recent vaccination campaigns. Hepatitis B is common in many Asian countries, especially China, where some 10-15 percent of the population is infected. Using data on prevalence of the virus by country and estimates of the effect of hepatitis on the sex ratio, I argue that hepatitis B can account for about 45 percent of the "missing women": around 75 percent in China, between 20 and 50 percent in Egypt and western Asia, and under 20 percent in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Nepal. (Contains 29 notes, 12 tables, and 3 appendixes.)
- Published
- 2005
31. Geographic Perspectives with Elementary Students: The Silk Road
- Author
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Bisland, Beverly Milner
- Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate elementary students' explanations of how physical features of the land influence the location of humanly defined structures including trade routes, such as the silk routes. The silk routes were a series of caravan trade routes that extended from Turkey to China and were located as far south as India and as far north as Russia. The trade activity on these routes ebbed and flowed depending on the protection available from the rulers of China. The routes existed from the 2nd century B.C.E. to the 15th century C.E. when they were replaced by maritime trade routes. Four teachers, two sixth grade, one fourth grade and one multi-level bilingual teacher, used a geography lesson on the silk routes with thirty-eight students, eight sixth graders, five fourth graders and twenty-five multi-level bilingual students, who were primarily Spanish speakers. The students were asked first to consider physical maps of China and central Asia and consider several questions based on the area's terrain. The students were then asked to locate western Turkey and Xian, the old capital of China. Working in pairs they determined a route from one place to the other taking into consideration terrain, climate and a lack of mechanized transportation. In completing this assignment the sixth graders had more prior knowledge of China because it is part of their curriculum in the sixth grade. Also they had more knowledge of maps. They had some difficulties with scale and did not at first take into full consideration the topography of the area the silk routes crossed. Several of the fourth graders were able to draw a route from Turkey to China that closely approximated one of the historic trade routes. As the sixth graders did, they had difficulties with scale. Some thought that it would be feasible to walk from Turkey to China. The bilingual students needed reinforcement of the maps with other maps and could have used more visual aids, showing the rued Tianshan and Himalayan mountain ranges and the forbidding climate of the deserts of central Asia. The bilingual teacher supplemented the maps with a map analysis sheet and some of the students were able to approximate the silk routes. All of the students in the study needed to extend their investigation with more visual materials so that their understanding of the silk routes could be extended.
- Published
- 2006
32. Getting Girls out of Work and into School. Policy Brief
- Author
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). and Spence, Nancy
- Abstract
Records show that school enrollment for girls is still lagging behind in some areas in the Asia and Pacific region, which poses challenge for the region to achieve Education for All (EFA) by 2015. And girls' labor in the Asia and Pacific region continues to constitute a major obstacle towards gender parity in education, another EFA target. Girls' labor is often hidden, unvalued and uncounted. Girls involved as household and commercial labor, are often exposed to abuse and exploitation. And both poverty and the tradition that women are generally low in status contribute to female child employment. This brief summarizes the causes and consequences of girls' child labor on their educational opportunities and describes some of the instruments and strategies to get girls into school. It also provides case examples from India and the Philippines, in order to assist policy makers and practitioners to better understand and address the issues. It is important to obtain credible data on girls' child labor in order to stop it from happening. Policy makers are urged to take measures and inter-sectoral efforts, not only to stop female child labor, but also to facilitate education for girls in a safe and protected environment. A list of useful web sites, papers, and publications is included. (Contains 2 footnotes.) [This document was published by the UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education and is part of the UNESCO Bangkok Asia-Pacific Programme of Education for All.]
- Published
- 2006
33. A Report to the Australian Development Assistance Bureau. Regional Symposium on Distance Teaching in Asia (Penang, Malaysia, May 1981).
- Author
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Office of Research in Librarianship, Wagga Wagga (Australia). and Reid-Smith, Edward R.
- Abstract
Reports and summaries of papers presented at the 1981 Regional Symposium on Distance Teaching in Asia are presented. The symposium, which was represented by 22 countries, was organized by the Universiti Sains (University of Science) Malaysia as part of the activities associated with the completion of 10 years of off-campus program facilities. The symposium was designed to promote information exchange among scholars involved in distance teaching, extension education, and external degree programs; to promote understanding of the problems involved in the teaching and learning process of self-learning programs; and to identify approaches to raise the effectiveness of distance teaching programs in the various countries. Reports on distance education in the following countries are presented: South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Malaysia. Selected papers on the following topics are summarized: philosophy, goals, and objectives of distance educational systems; infrastructure, staff training, and educational technology; problems in distance education; research on distance education; and attainment of regional cooperation in Asia. Information on the University of Science Malaysia and the opening and closing sessions of the symposium are included. (Author/SW)
- Published
- 1981
34. Distance Education in Asia and the Pacific. Volume II. Proceedings of the Regional Seminar on Distance Education (Bangkok, Thailand, November 26-December 3, 1986).
- Author
-
Asian Development Bank, Manila (Philippines).
- Abstract
The paper presented in this three-part conference report trace the growth and development of distance education in the Asian and Pacific region. Part 1 provides a general review. Part 2 contains the following case studies: "Distance Education in India" (S. P. Mullick); "Distance Education in Indonesia" (Professor Setijadi); "Distance Education in Pakistan" (Shaukat Ali Siddiqui); "Distance Education in the Republic of Korea" (Kwon Soonchan and Chandong Kim); and "Distance Education in Thailand" (Iam Chaya-Ngam). The following country papers are included in part 3: "Distance Education in Australia" (Vernon White); "Distance Education in Bangladesh" (K. M. Sirajul Islam); "Distance Education in Bhutan" (Zangley Dukpa); "Distance Education in Burma" (Kyaw Sein); "Distance Education in Fiji" (Hari Ram); "Distance Education in Hong Kong" (Michelangelo Pagliari and John Anthony Frost); "Distance Education in Japan" (Yoshiya Abe); "Distance Education in Malaysia" (G. Dhanarajan); "Distance Education in New Zealand" (Douglas Gunn and Peter McMechan); "Distance Education in Papua New Guinea" (John Paul and Howard Van Trease); "Distance Education in the Philippines" (Remigio Romulo); and "Distance Education in Sri Lanka" (D.A. Kotelawele). (MN)
- Published
- 1987
35. Polyvalent Adult Education Centres. Final Report of the Asian Regional Seminar on Polyvalent Adult Education Centres.
- Author
-
Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, New Delhi (India). and United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France).
- Abstract
The Asian Regional Seminar on Polyvalent Adult Education Centers, held during September, 1971 in Bombay, was attended by individuals representing United Nations agencies, Afghanistan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Phillippines, Singapore, South Vietnam, and Thailand. Seminar objectives included evaluating the Bombay Polyvalent Adult Education Center and examining the possibilities of using the Bombay experience in other Asian countries. A general report provides conference information and presents synopses of two papers regarding adult education centers in Yugoslavia and France: agenda paper number one, Polyvalent Adult Education Center: Structure and Organization--Indian Experience and its Evaluation; and agenda paper number two, Concept of Polyvalent Adult Education. Main seminar conclusions and recommendations are outlined by objective. Taking up over half of the document, appended material lists participants and presents summary texts of the following: two addresses to the inaugural session of the seminar; six messages sent to the seminar from around the world; agenda paper number one; "The Shramik Vidyapeeth: An Evaluative Study of Polyvalent Centre"; and agenda paper number two. (LH)
- Published
- 1971
36. E-Learning System of Asia through Open Courseware (OCW) and Educational Resources (OER) for Universal Access to Knowledge and Information
- Author
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Kayal, Soumen and Das, Baisakhi
- Abstract
One of the most impressive uses of information and communication technology is the advent of e-learning. The current E-learning system mainly plays a role of learning assistance such as providing learning content or learning information, and sometime it provides channels or platform in the learning environment for discussion and interaction. In recent years E-learning has changed sophisticatedly in teaching method in higher education of Asian countries. The success of E-learning depends on the some circumstance like learning effectiveness, cost effectiveness, institutional commitment, access, faculty satisfaction, and student's satisfaction. Accessing has become more widely permitted through the open courseware. Open Courseware is one of the effective new types of E-learning system raised in recent years. This paper discusses the importance of e-learning system in higher education, and universal access to knowledge and information in the network and digital environment through Open Courseware. Some of the major initiatives and the targets segments covered by the online education have also been studied in this article.
- Published
- 2017
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37. Linguistic Diasporas and the Sindhi Biradari.
- Author
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Khubchandani, Lachman M.
- Abstract
A discussion of the Sindhi language diaspora, the biradari, across India and Pakistan looks at the implications of this geographic dispersal for the cohesion of the Sindhi-speaking community and culture. Three sociocultural characteristics of the scattered population are identified: urbanization; near-universal literacy; and bilingualism. Patterns of ethnic/linguistic identity and language choice in various cultural circumstances are also examined. Rapidly changing patterns of ethnic mix in previously Sindh areas are identified. It is concluded that information technology offers a means for continued connection and networking within the now geographically dispersed Sindh community. Contains 17 references. (MSE)
- Published
- 1998
38. Language Ideology and Language Development.
- Author
-
Khubchandani, L. M.
- Abstract
An examination of the language-related educational policies of South Asia, and particularly of India, finds that language policies among colonial administrators and the native elite for over a century has left a deep imprint on contemporary language ideologies of different nations. The discussion begins with a look at the Indian dual education system before the consolidation of British rule on the subcontinent at the beginning of the nineteenth century, with instruction given in Sanskrit and Arabic-Persian. The rival British educational system later eclipsed the traditional systems, and as it evolved, it effectively ignored all mediums of instruction except English. The struggle for Indian independence brought with it substantial conflict over the British education system, and the issue of language of instruction became politicized. Patterns of native language use and language policy in India and other South Asian areas are described, and the problems facing many multilingual developing nations as a result of current language usage and strategies are discussed briefly. Contains 47 references. (MSE)
- Published
- 1997
39. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (78th, Washington, DC, August 9-12, 1995). International Communications Division.
- Author
-
Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
- Abstract
The International Communication section of the proceedings contains the following nine papers: "Mobile Satellite Communications--From Obscurity to Overkill" (Patricia T. Whalen); "Does Television Cultivate the Image of America in Japan?" (Shinichi Saito); "Linking International News to U.S. Interests: A Content Analysis" (Daniel Riffe); "Colonial Interventions and the Postcolonial Situation in India: The English Language, Mass Media, and the Articulation of Class" (Radhika E. Parameswaran); "Recent Developments in Freedom of Information in Great Britain: A Preliminary Appraisal of the Government's 'Code of Practice'" (Wallace B. Eberhard); "Insurgent Technology: The Political Ramifications of the Internet in Africa" (David N. Dixon); "Japan's Clouded Window: News on NHK and TBS Television, 1993" (Anne Cooper-Chen); "Media Imperialism Revisited: The Countercase of Asia" (Kalyani Chadha); and "Media and the Politics of Citizens' Press Movement in Korea, 1985-1993" (Yung-Ho Im). (RS)
- Published
- 1995
40. Internationalisation of the Chemistry Curriculum: Two Problem-Based Learning Activities for Undergraduate Chemists
- Author
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Overton, Tina L. and Bradley, John S.
- Abstract
In this paper we describe the development and evaluation of two activities for delivery in first year B.Sc. and M.Chem. degree courses, in which we introduced an international context representing either a linguistic or a cultural modification to the previously developed case studies. The case studies focus on an industrial and an environmental scenario. The industrial scenario was recast within a site based in India, whilst the environmental scenario introduced material in several European languages. Evaluation of student attitudes before and after the engagement with the activities suggest that their attitudes towards working in a non-UK environment and towards language learning had become more positive.
- Published
- 2010
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41. Does Nature Have Historical Agency? World History, Environmental History, and How Historians Can Help Save the Planet
- Author
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Foltz, Richard C.
- Abstract
The emerging sub-field of world history is all about connections and interactions. It challenges the received treatments of history which have focused on specific regions and civilizations as if they had been discrete realities unto themselves, and reminds people that nothing happens in a vacuum. But to date world historians have not taken this approach far enough, since their work continues to focus almost exclusively on interactions and connections between humans. People should remind themselves that humans interact not only with each other, but in all times, places and contexts with the non-human world as well. All human actions take place within the context of ecosystems, and are affected by them in ways that differ enormously over time and space. In this paper, the author argues that the call for integrating environmental history with world history has an urgency beyond mere scholarly thoroughness. The theme of interactions, which lies at the heart of world history, offers a corrective to the fragmented approach of the knowledge system which has become dominant in the modern age. Fragmented thinking enables everyone falsely to perceive human activities as somehow disembedded from any physical context. So world history, if done properly--that is, expanding the theme of interactions to include all actors, not just human ones--is not only good scholarship, it may be vital to saving the planet! (Contains 51 notes.)
- Published
- 2003
42. Naturalism and Mannerism in Indian Miniatures
- Author
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Duran, Jane
- Abstract
In this essay, the author furthers the argument that critical commentary on the Rajput and Muslim miniatures of India has focused on a rather odd use of labels and categories, perhaps to an even greater extent than has been the case with much of the rest of the criticism of the art of South Asia. She first examines the use of the term "mannerist" with respect to this work, noting that Mannerism as a term from a school of the Renaissance has a decided set of connotations attached to it, and one that cannot easily be overlooked or ignored. She notes that it is particularly instructive to attempt to come to grips with the humanist thought that preceded the development of the Renaissance itself, a type of thought that is almost completely lacking in the Indian worldview. She then notes the use of a term that might be thought to be oppositional, "naturalist," in criticism of the Kangra school, and again argues that the term has a meaning from which it is not easily detached. Finally, she comments on the ready availability of formalist lines of criticism for those attempting to deal with Asian work, since Clive Bell, Roger Fry, and others not only cited the applicability of their theories to the work of Asia, and, indeed, Africa, but were noted as having done so by others, including the American commentator Alain Locke. (Contains 10 notes.)
- Published
- 2001
43. Funding the Arts: An Investment in Global Citizenship?
- Author
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Howard, V. A.
- Abstract
The world of classical music, says the writer, has always been international, and has now become truly global. Opera is perhaps traditionally, and most conspicuously, global. At any performance of the Metropolitan Opera of New York, for example, one encounters several different nationalities on stage, back stage, and in the orchestra pit. But the same is true of the plastic, dramatic, and literary arts nowadays, very different from the days when Henry James, Robert Frost, T. S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway and Gertrude Stein, fled to Europe to find the stimulation and recognition they could not find at home. Meantime, Americans are exposed to a vast array of artistic productions from many countries and cultures: from Asia, India, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, and Australia. Even as American artists have found their place on the world stage, so also have artists from around the world found theirs. In the aggregate they form a kind of global citizenry of the arts as reflected in the currency of their works, international conferences, critical recognition, and access to them in print, films, exhibitions, recordings, and live performances. This serves as background for a reconsideration of the controversy over government funding for the arts in the United States as the author introduces the concept of global citizenship into the debate over government support for the arts. (Contains 11 notes.)
- Published
- 2001
44. Democracy as a Universal Value.
- Author
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Sen, Amartya
- Abstract
Suggests that the rise of democracy was the most important development of the 20th century, examining the question of democracy as a universal value by focusing on: India's experience with democracy; democracy and economic development; the functions of democracy; universality of values; and cultural differences in values. Concludes with a discussion of where the debate belongs. (SM)
- Published
- 2000
45. Development. Courier No. 26.
- Author
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Asian - South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education.
- Abstract
This journal contains a series of articles dealing with the theme of development in Asia and rural Indonesia. Included in the journal are the following articles: "Nonformal Education in Rural Areas of Developing Countries," by members of the Rural Project Team from the Centre for Continuing Education at Australian National University; "Application of Community Development Principles in Rural Thai Communities," by Oonta Nopakun; and "Development: A Design for the 80s," by Peter Adamson. Next, the training experiences of 12 men and women engaged in rural develoment work in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are described. Following a fable by Olavi Junus that suggests that change does not always mean progress, an article by Joao Frank da Costa lists 12 essential elements for development. Also included are an article by John L. Woods entitled "Organizational Constraints to Implementing Development Projects;" a report from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) entitled "Women's Groups Spearhead Rural Development;" two group reports by members of the Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education (ASPBAE) reviewing its two-country development project in Thailand and Indonesia; and an excerpt from an article dealing with the emerging partnership between villagers and professionals in Tilonia, Rajasthan India. (MN)
- Published
- 1982
46. Campaigning for Literacy. Courier No. 25.
- Author
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Asian - South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education.
- Abstract
This issue contains those materials from a seminar on "Campaigning for Literacy" held at Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, on January 4-11, 1982, that concentrate on Asian experience. The "Udaipur Literacy Declaration," presented first, is followed by extracts from the opening addresses and a review of the report, "Campaigning for Literacy," by H.S. Bhola. The next section contains extracts with particular relevance to the Asian region from the Bhola report, which is an indepth study of eight national literacy campaigns of the 20th century. Four extracts are then provided from country papers and reports dealing with the National Adult Education Program 1978 in India, mass education in Bangladesh, current status and future prospects of literacy in Thailand, and eradication of illiteracy in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Extracts from the Bhola report on literacy movements in Vietnam, the People's Republic of China, and Burma conclude the issue. A selected bibliography is appended. (YLB)
- Published
- 1982
47. People's Participation, Development Issues, Literacy. Courier No. 36.
- Author
-
Asian - South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education.
- Abstract
This issue of the Courier contains articles loosely connected to each other by the underlying theme of developing people's capacity to improve the quality of their lives. The following articles are included: "Development of Human Resources--A Basic Needs Approach," by Mohiuddin Ahmad; "Rural Poverty," by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization; "Overseas Students--Educating for Development or Privilege?" by Chris Duke; "Kemas: Kemajuan Masyarakat--Development of Society," by the Community Development Division, Ministry of National and Rural Development, Malaysia; "Two Worlds within Each Society: Lokayan's Efforts to Overcome the New Rift," by Rajni Kothari; "The Nepal Literacy Program," by World Education; and "Scheme of Developing the Peasants' Education Undertakings 1983-85, Jilin Province, China," by the Jilin Department of Education. (KC)
- Published
- 1986
48. Community Development in Emergent Countries.
- Author
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Hodgdon, Linwood L.
- Abstract
Part of a report of seminar proceedings, these papers on community development in developing nations deal largely with conditions, requirements, and effective principles of rural extension; the government system of community development village workers in outlying regions of Thailand; the methods, organization, accomplishments, and prospects of national development in India; the role of the Presidential Assistant on Community Development in the Philippines; and community development functions of the intergovernmental South Pacific Commission. In addition to reviewing concepts and goals of effective community development, a final group report examines the roles and influence of governments, voluntary organizations, private enterprise, political structures, urbanization, cultural growth, and the national economy. Increased outside assistance and more extensive research are recommended. (ly)
- Published
- 1964
49. Affiliate Forum: Globalization of College Campuses--Enriching Our Lives
- Author
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Marino, Judi
- Abstract
According to the Open Doors report from the Institute of International Education, more than a half million international students are currently studying in the United States. Over half of the international students are from Asia, both the subcontinent (India is the leading sending nation of students) and the Far East (China, Korea, and Japan leading in numbers sent). Following Asia, 13% of our international students are from Europe, 12% from Latin America, 6% from Africa, 6% from the Middle East, and 1 % from Oceania. Open Doors reports that international students contribute over $13 billion to the U.S. economy. The author believes that the contributions of these students are much more far-reaching than monetary, however. The author stresses that Americans are blessed to have their lives enriched by other cultures and their minds broadened by insightful students. People might have stories about compelling, perspective-changing experiences by or with international students. In this article, the author shares a few of the students that enrich the author's life every day.
- Published
- 2007
50. America Can Teach Asia a Lot about Science, Technology, and Math
- Author
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Bharucha, Jamsh
- Abstract
There is a sense of urgency in America today, reminiscent of the "space race" rhetoric of the cold-war era, that Americans must get their act together in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education because the Asians are coming. Many people believe that higher-education institutions in countries like China and India produce professionals in those so-called STEM fields far more effectively than U.S. institutions do, thus posing a major threat to the nation's global competitiveness. Amid the Spellings Commission's concern about America's global competitiveness, the author argues that it would be a mistake to infer that Asian institutions do a better job teaching in STEM fields. The extraordinary talent pool of Asian scientists is not the result of a superior educational system, but rather of the fact that a larger proportion of top students in Asia choose to enter STEM fields in college or graduate school and have the requisite preparation. Several cultural factors account for that phenomenon, none of which have to do with the way the United States or other countries run their institutions or teach their students. What is known about how the brain learns suggests that Asian colleges should become more like their American counterparts, not the other way around. This author contends that the American system of higher education, perhaps unwittingly, promotes more endured learning. It mixes things up, offers students more choices in any given semester, and allows more student engagement with a variety of course materials. An understanding of how the brain learns suggests that the more varied and innovative approaches of American higher education manifests itself in one's thinking in the future--which is the object of education.
- Published
- 2008
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