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Let F be a field, char F ≠ 2 , L / F a quartic field extension. Define by G L / F the group of elements r ∈ F ⁎ such that D ∪ ( r ) = 0 for any regular field extension K / F and any D ∈ Br 2 ( K L / K ) . We show that G L / F = F ⁎ 2 N L / F L ⁎ . As a consequence we prove that the Hasse norm theorem modulo squares holds for L / F . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A practical computational system is described for computing with an algebraic closure of a field. The system avoids factorization of polynomials over extension fields, but gives the illusion of a genuine field to the user. All roots of an arbitrary polynomial defined over such an algebraically closed field can be constructed and are easily distinguished within the system. The difficult case of inseparable extensions of function fields of positive characteristic is also handled properly by the system. A technique of modular evaluation into a finite field critically ensures that a unique genuine field is simulated by the system but also provides fast optimizations for some fundamental operations. Fast matrix techniques are also used for several non-trivial operations. The system has been successfully implemented within the Magma Computer Algebra System, and several examples are presented, using this implementation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]