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For many developing countries, natural resource exports such as oil, diamonds and copper continue to be important drivers for economic growth and provide a unique opportunity for generating revenues for much-needed infrastructure and human development. Dependence on extractive resources, however, may also increase the likelihood of underdevelopment, fragility and conflict. The challenges for managing these resources efficiently are likely to expand, as a growing number of developing countries and fragile states emerge as oil and mineral producers. Thus, there is a need to gain a better understanding of the factors that may help prevent violent conflict in resource rich countries. This paper proposes that one way of gaining such understanding and insight is to “conflict-sensitize” the Extractive Industries Value Chain (EIVC), and use it as a framework for conflict prevention in resource-rich countries. In this context, the report’s main objective is to examine the potential opportunities for conflict prevention along the extractive industries value chain. Such a body of knowledge can help the World Bank, the UN and EU, as well as client countries and other partners, in their planning and coordination of complementary activities when implementing their programmes and projects, particularly when working in the same resource-rich countries. This paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility and challenges faced by adopting a conflict-sensitive approach within the World Bank’s EI Value Chain. The methodology used was a combined desk review and in-depth interviews with regional and country specialists, especially in governance/conflict prevention and extractive industries (Annex 1). The emphasis is on qualitative analysis. The four countries that were desk reviewed for the project, including Chile, Peru, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Zambia, are all copper producers and were selected due to their heavy dependence on revenues from mining. This book is arranged as follows: (i) part one explains extractives, conflict prevention and the value chain; (ii) part two is about the EI value chain as framework for conflict prevention; (iii) part three talks about emerging themes and recommendation; and (iv) part four describes the four country examples and the emerging lessons.

After decades of war, with a dilapidated infrastructure and millions of people dead, wounded or displaced, Vietnam could have been considered a hopeless case in economic development. Yet, it is now about to enter the ranks of middle-income countries. The obvious question is: How did this happen? This paper goes one step further, asking not which policies were adopted, but rather why they were adopted. This question is all the more intriguing because the process did not involve one group of individuals displacing another within the structure of power. To answer this question, the paper relies on the insights of those who were actually involved in the economic experiments, conceptual discussions, and political maneuvering that led to the adoption of key reforms. Especially, it builds on a series of long and regular conversations with H. E. the late Vo Van Kiet, one of Vietnam's leading figures. In doing so, it brings into the open the inside story of Doi Moi, a process that is not known by outsiders and remains opaque to most Vietnamese. The relevance of this exercise is not merely historical. Understanding how reforms were engineered may yield valuable lessons for other developing countries. It is also relevant for Vietnam, as two decades of rapid economic growth have resulted in dramatic changes in its economy and society. While praising the decision-making processes that allowed Vietnam to successfully emerge from poverty, the paper also explores the adjustments that could be needed for it to become an industrial country.

64 p., El presente escrito, muestra todo lo relacionado con práctica empresarial, donde se desarrollan actividades de campo y administrativas, implícitas y explícitas, relacionado con la Ingeniería Civil, la supervisión y el control de la calidad, verificando el cumplimiento de los diseños ( planos), las especificaciones técnicas y la normatividad correspondiente como la NSR-10, que a su vez se aplica a los campos propios de la construcción como, la geotécnica, la ingeniería estructural, las instalaciones hidrosanitarias y el componente eléctrico, para el cumplimiento del objeto contractual de la obra civil "contrato de obra pública para realizar los trabajos de construcción de los mejoramiento de vivienda y saneamiento básico rural para las familias del sector rural de los niveles del SISBEN que cumplan con los requisitos para acceder a este beneficio del municipio de Coromoro - Santander ". También los procedimientos administrativos y demás como revisión de pólizas de garantías, control de horas de trabajo y estado funcional de equipos y herramientas, control de cronograma de obra y reprogramación de actividades por situaciones imprevistas como cambios climáticos y deslizamientos de taludes y desplazamiento de la banca, que sirvieron para garantizar un buen direccionamiento de las cantidades ejecutadas y del balance financiero ejecutado. En la presente practica realizada en la empresa PROFINCO LIMITADA, se adquirió experiencia de gran valor para la vida profesional y personal donde se aprendió a trabajar con responsabilidad, honestidad, y trabajo en equipo, para llegar al cumplimiento de la misión de un idóneo Ingeniero Civil. De igual forma se aportó los saberes de la Ingeniería con iniciativas a los diferentes proyectos nuevos y en desarrollo; recalcando que el practicante tuvo la oportunidad de demostrar sus potenciales adquiridos en la formación académica en los diferentes comités de obra, escenario donde asistían profesionales de diferentes especialidades., This paper shows everything related to business practice, which develops field activities and administrative, implicit and explicit, related to Civil engineering, supervision and quality control, verifying the Compliance with designs (drawings), technical specifications and corresponding regulations such as NSR-10, which in turn applies to the fields of construction such as, Geotechnics, structural engineering, hydrosanitary facilities and Electrical component, for the fulfillment of the contractual object of the civil work "contract of public works to carry out the work of construction of the improvement of housing and basic rural sanitation for the families of the rural sector of the levels of the SISBEN that meet the requirements to access this benefit of the municipality of Coromoro-Santander ". Also the administrative procedures and others like revision of guarantees policies, control of hours of work and functional state of equipment and tools, control of work schedule and rescheduling of activities by unforeseen situations like changes Climatic and landslides and displacement of banks, which served to ensure a good address of the quantities executed and the financial balance executed. In this practice carried out in the company PROFINCO LIMITADA, it acquired experience of great value for the professional and personal life where it was learned to work with responsibility, honesty, and teamwork, to reach the fulfillment of the mission of a Qualified Civil engineer. In the same way, the knowledge of engineering was brought with initiatives to the different new and developing projects; Emphasizing that the practitioner had the opportunity to demonstrate their acquired potentials in the academic training in the different committees of work, scenario where they attended professionals of different specialties., Pregrado, Ingeniero(a) Civil, Introducción 12 1 Objetivos 13 2 Marco teórico 14 2.1 Datos generales de la empresa 14 2.2 Campos de acción de la empresa 14 2.3 Visión de la empresa 14 2.4 Misión de la empresa 15 2.5 Marco conceptual 15 2.6 Marco legal 18 3 Metodología 19 3.1 Relación de PROFINCO LTDA con contrato de practica 19 3.2 Relación de estudiante con PROFINCO LTDA 19 3.3 Descripción del proyecto 21 3.4 Diagnóstico inicial del proyecto 28 4 Informe de practica 33 4.1 Generalidades de la practica 33 4.2 Registro de actividades 34 4.3 Seguimiento del control de calidad 59 5 Análisis de resultados 60 6 Conclusiones 61 7 Bibliografía 62, Ej. 1

This paper summarizes the results from public goods experiments investigating the effect of nonbinding agreements on cooperation. Unlike previous studies, this experimental study was conducted among members of forest user groups in Ethiopia and Nepal with long histories of social interdependence. These countries are also characterized by a high degree of collectivism. Overall, the results show a weak effect of nonbinding agreements on cooperation in the two locations. The main reason for this is that the cooperation level is relatively high even without an agreement and only a small proportion of subjects change their behavior when the agreement option is introduced. Nonetheless, the research indicates that the willingness to enter an agreement varies between subjects and strongly correlates with their cooperativeness.