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Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder. In recent years, there has been no breakthrough of drug therapy. Therefore, surgical methods have played an important role in the treatment of ET patients with ineffective drug treatment. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has been increasingly researched and applied in the treatment of ET as a good replacement therapy of surgeries, because it has such advantages as noninvasiveness, non-ionizing radiation, and intraoperative real-time monitoring of target temperature and morphology. The development history of MRgFUS treatment in ET, treatment principles, target selection, clinical efficacy, side effects, comparison with other surgical methods, deficiencies and prospects were briefly reviewed in this article. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.03.012

In wireless sensor network (WSN), the user authentication technology is an effective approach, which can guarantee the user's validity, avoid WSN's information disclosure. Meanwhile, the users also need to verify the WSN's validity, avoid obtaining incorrect or false information. However, since the sensor nodes have limited energy, communications and computing capacity, and they are usually deployed in hostile or unattended environment, the traditional user authentication protocol (UAP) is not entirely suitable for WSN. The security attacks were introduced for the UAP in WSN, its secure requirements and the theoretical foundation were given, and then the UAP's design processes were summarized. For the analysis of its security, the attack model was described, and the automated vali-dation of internet Security protocols and applications (AVISPA) and the high level protocols specification language (HLPSL) were overviewed in detail. Then, the current UAPs were reviewed in WSN, the future research directions were proposed. These researches will contribute to the design, analysis and optimization for the UAP in WSN.

Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15- to 29-year-olds in China, and 60% of suicidal patients have a history of depression. Previous brain imaging studies have shown that depression and suicide may be associated with abnormal activity in default mode network (DMN) regions. However, no study has specifically investigated the relationship between DMN functional activity and suicidal behavior in depressed individuals. Therefore, in the present study, we directly investigated features of DMN brain activity in adolescent patients with histories of depression and attempted suicide. Methods: A total of 35 sex- and age-matched suicidal depressed patients were compared with 18 non-suicidal depressed patients and 47 healthy controls. We explored functional activity changes in DMN regions that could be associated with suicidal behavior by comparing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) signals using independent component analysis (ICA). Scores on six clinical scales that measure depression severity (Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)) and suicidal traits (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Suicide Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI)) were compared in the three groups. Results: Compared with the healthy controls, all of the evaluated depressed patients showed increased functional connectivity in select DMN regions. The suicidal patients showed increased connectivity in the left cerebellum and decreased connectivity in the right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), whereas the non-suicidal depressed patients showed increased connectivity in the left superior frontal gyrus, left lingual gyrus and right precuneus and decreased connectivity in the left cerebellum. Compared to the non-suicidal patients, the suicidal patients showed increased connectivity in the left cerebellum and the left lingual gyrus and decreased connectivity in the right precuneus. No differences in the scores of any clinical scales were found between the suicidal and non-suicidal depressed patients. Conclusions: Collectively, our results highlight the importance of the DMN in the pathophysiology of depression and suggest that suicidal behavior in depressed adolescents may be related to abnormal functional connectivity in the DMN. In particular, abnormal connectivity in the PCC/precuneus and left cerebellum might be a predictor of suicidal behavior in depressed adolescent patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]