Search

Purpose: Previous surveys have reported that children with vitamin D deficiency were likely to suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine 1. whether the status of vitamin D is intrinsically related to the occurrence of ECC and 2. the optimal level of vitamin D for the prevention of ECC. Materials and Methods: The database of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase and Google scholar were searched for targeted literature. The eligibility criteria were observational studies in which children with ECC were compared to children without ECC in terms of their vitamin D status. Applying the Newcastle-Ottawa tool, study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by 2 reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: 501 articles were retrieved from the electronic databases; 11 studies were finally included in systematic review, 10 studies of which were submitted to meta-analysis. The 25(OH)D levels in the ECC group were statistically significantly lower compared with that in the caries-free group (WMD = -13.96, 95% CI: [-19.88,-8.03], p < 0.001), especially in regard to the association between S-ECC and vitamin D (WMD = -18.64, 95% CI: [-20.06,-17.22], p < 0.001). The subgroup analyses in terms of geographical region demonstrated that children with a level of 25(OH)D of 50–75 nmol/l were more likely to have ECC than those with over 75 nmol/l (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: [1.26,1.60], p < 0.001), with data from Asia and Europe combined for analysis Conclusions: The level of vitamin D was lower in children with ECC than in caries-free children, and the correlation between S-ECC and vitamin D was even stronger. The optimal 25(OH)D level for preventing occurrence and development of ECC ≥ 75 nmol/l. Thus, clinicians should view the development of early caries also from a systemic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several cases of severe hypocalcemia in the setting of COVID‐19 have been reported. The proposed mechanisms include direct viral interaction with ACE2 receptors in the parathyroid gland, viral chelation of calcium, worsening hypovitaminosis D, critical illness leading to unbound fatty acids binding calcium, and inflammatory cytokines leading to PTH resistance. Given the life‐threatening nature of hypocalcemia, this underrecognized phenomenon should be on the forefront of the clinician's attention. This case highlights a rare manifestation of COVID‐19 and further complicated by the patient's reimplanted parathyroid gland. Presentation: A 73‐year‐old female with primary hyperparathyroidism status post parathyroidectomy with reimplantation in the left forearm presented with 4 days of viral syndrome, found to have tetany and Chvostek's sign on physical exam. Pertinent laboratory abnormalities included calcium 5.3 mg/dL, ionized calcium 0.44 mmol/L, magnesium 1.4 mg/dL, phosphorous 5.5 mg/dL, PTH 242 pg/mL, and 25‐OH vitamin D 56 ng/mL. Chest CT revealed multifocal pneumonia consistent with positive COVID‐19 testing. She was subsequently admitted to the ICU for severe, symptomatic hypocalcemia and was initiated on a continuous calcium infusion, remdesivir, baricitinib, and steroids. Tetany resolved after 9 g calcium repletion, and she was transferred to the medical floor with an ionized calcium of 0.83 mmol/L. On hospital day 3, repeat ionized calcium was 0.78 mmol/L despite ongoing repletion. Given the persistence of hypocalcemia, a repeat PTH level was obtained which remained high at 487 pg/mL, suggesting ongoing PTH interference in the setting of COVID‐19. PTH was obtained from the right (nonimplanted) arm which was normal at 74 pg/mL. This indicated an appropriate PTH response from the reimplanted gland, and that ongoing hypocalcemia may be due to insufficient PTH function to maintain systemic calcium levels or a peripheral interference with PTH level. With continued calcium supplementation and treatment of COVID‐19, the patient's calcium stabilized at 8.6 mg/dL. She was discharged on oral calcium supplementation with endocrinology follow‐up. Conclusion: Acute hypocalcemia strongly correlates with a profound inflammatory response in COVID‐19 patients. This case corroborates the cytokine/PTH hypothesis. This patient had a high PTH sampled near the reimplanted gland but an inappropriately normal PTH from the nonimplanted arm, indicating that direct viral interaction interfering with PTH release is an unlikely mechanism. This case represents a scenario where PTH can be sampled directly from the source and this type of model could aid in the process of determining the etiology of hypocalcemia in COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous studies indicate an association between vitamin D status and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with asthma, but findings are inconsistent. This review aims to summarize the relationship between serum vitamin D status, assessed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level, and inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults with asthma. Methods: A literature search of interventional and observational studies on 25(OH)D up to November 2022 was conducted across six electronic databases. Outcomes of interest included a range of inflammatory biomarkers classified in four categories: T helper 2 (Th2) pro-inflammatory, non-Th2 pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and non-specific biomarkers. Study characteristics were extracted and risk of bias was evaluated using the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics tool. Meta-analysis was conducted on studies with a low risk of bias, while narrative reporting was used to present the direction of associations (positive, no association, or negative) for each biomarker, overall and within the low-risk studies. Results: We included 71 studies (3 interventional, 68 observational) involving asthma patients. These studies investigated the association between serum 25(OH)D and Th2 pro-inflammatory biomarkers (N = 58), non-Th2 pro-inflammatory biomarkers (N = 18), anti-inflammatory biomarkers (N = 16), and non-specific biomarkers (N = 10). Thirteen (18.3%) studies, 50 (70.4%), and 8 (11.3%) were at high, moderate, and low risk of bias, respectively. In all studies, irrespective of risk of bias, the most frequently reported finding was no significant association, followed by a negative association between 25(OH)D and pro-inflammatory biomarkers and a positive association with anti-inflammatory biomarkers. In low-risk studies, one biomarker could be meta-analysed. The pooled estimate for 25(OH)D and serum IgE showed a negative association (β (95% CI)= − 0.33 (–0.65 to − 0.01); I2 = 88%; N = 4 studies). A negative association between 25(OH)D and blood eosinophils was also observed in the largest of three studies, as well as with cathelicidin (LL-37) in the only study reporting it. For other biomarkers, most low-risk studies revealed no significant association with 25(OH)D. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D is negatively associated with serum IgE and possibly with blood eosinophils and LL-37, supporting an in vivo immunomodulatory effect of 25(OH)D. Future research should employ rigorous methodologies and standardized reporting for meta-analysis aggregation to further elucidate these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between vitamin D concentrations and the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remains a topic of ongoing debate. In order to provide a comprehensive and updated review, we conducted this meta‐analysis to further investigate the relationship between vitamin D concentrations and DFUs occurrence. The following databases, including Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, CBM, CNKI, WANFANG DATA and VIP Database, were systematically searched for studies published up to Dec. 20th, 2023. The combined estimation was calculated using both fixed-effects and random‐effects models. The overall effect size was reported as a weighted mean difference (WMD) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Data analysis was performed utilizing Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 14. The Protocol has been registered in PROSPERO CRD42024503468. This updated meta-analysis, incorporating thirty-six studies encompassing 11,298 individuals with or without DFUs, demonstrated a significant association between vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and an elevated risk of DFUs occurrence (< 25 nmol/L, OR 3.28, P < 0.00001; < 50 nmol/L, OR 2.25, P < 0.00001; < 75 nmol/L, OR 1.67, P = 0.0003). Vitamin D concentrations were significantly lower in individuals with DFUs compared to those without DFUs (P < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses consistently demonstrated this trend among the older population (> 50 years, P < 0.00001), individuals with long duration of diabetes (> 10 years, P < 0.00001), and those with poor glycemic control (mean HbA1c 8%-9% and > 9%, P < 0.00001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rate of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in critically ill children worldwide has been estimated at 50%. These children are at risk of multiple organ dysfunction, chronic morbidity, and decreased health related quality of life (HRQL). Pediatric and adult ICU clinical trials suggest that VDD is associated with worse clinical outcomes, although data from supplementation trials are limited and inconclusive. Our group's phase II multicenter dose evaluation pilot study established the efficacy and safety of an enteral weight-based cholecalciferol loading dose to rapidly restore vitamin D levels in critically ill children. Methods: Our aim is to evaluate the impact of this dosing regimen on clinical outcomes. VITdALIZE-KIDS is a pragmatic, phase III, multicenter, double-blind RCT aiming to randomize 766 critically ill children from Canadian PICUs. Participants are randomized using a 1:1 scheme to receive a single dose at enrollment of enteral cholecalciferol (10,000 IU/kg, max 400,000 IU) or placebo. Eligibility criteria include critically ill children aged newborn (> 37 weeks corrected gestational age) to < 18 years who have blood total 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L. The primary objective is to determine if rapid normalization of vitamin D status improves HRQL at 28 days following enrollment. The secondary objective is to evaluate the impact of rapid normalization of vitamin D status on multiple organ dysfunction. The study includes additional tertiary outcomes including functional status, HRQL and mortality at hospital discharge and 90 days, PICU and hospital length of stay, and adverse events related to vitamin D toxicity. Additionally, we are performing comprehensive vitamin D speciation and non-targeted metabolite profiling as part of a sub-study for the first 100 participants from whom an enrollment and at least one post-intervention blood and urine sample were obtained. Discussion: The VITdALIZE-KIDS trial is the first phase III, multicenter trial to evaluate whether rapid normalization of vitamin D status could represent a simple, inexpensive, and safe means of improving outcomes following pediatric critical illness. Recruitment was initiated in June 2019 and is expected to continue to March 2026. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03742505. Study first submitted on November 12, 2018 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03742505 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Serum lipids are highly heritable and play an important role in cardiovascular and metabolic health. However, the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels is unclear. This study aims to explore the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and HDL-C in adults aged 20–59. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between HDL-C and serum 25(OH)D, with further analysis using smooth spline fitting and generalized additive models. Results: A total of 28,084 adults were included in the study. After adjusting for multiple variables, we found a significant positive correlation between HDL-C and serum 25(OH)D levels (β = 8.3, 95% CI: 7.24–9.35, p < 0.001). Stratified subgroup analysis by gender showed that females consistently exhibited a positive correlation (β = 10.12, 95% CI: 9.07–11.18, p < 0.001), while males demonstrated an inverted U-shaped relationship between HDL-C and serum 25(OH)D. Conclusion: In the population aged 20–59, HDL-C levels are significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D levels. Clinically, simultaneous monitoring of HDL-C and vitamin D is recommended to better assess and manage cardiovascular health. Increasing vitamin D intake should be considered, especially for males with low HDL-C levels, to prevent related health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common neurootologic disorder, characterized by brief attacks of vertigo aggravated by certain head positions. During the last two decades, several studies were performed in different countries trying to find a relationship between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vitamin D3 (25 hydroxyvitamin D) deficiency. Objectives: This study aimed to find the relationship between vitamin D3 deficiency and total serum calcium with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Patients and methods: A case–control study conducted from January 2021 to December 2021, consisted of 62 participants; 30 patients with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and 32 healthy persons considered as a control group. The age and sex of both groups were matched, and diagnosis was made by history and examination (Dix-Hallpike's maneuver). A blood sample was taken to evaluate serum vitamin D level and total serum calcium. The results were compared between both groups. Results: The mean levels of vitamin D3 in patients and control groups were 18.57 ± 9.88 ng/ml and 64.12 ± 24.64 ng/ml, respectively, with a statistically significant difference at p ≤ 0.0001. Moreover, regarding vitamin D3 deficiency below 20 ng/ml between patients and control groups, there was a statistically significant difference p = 0.001. Furthermore, there was no significant difference regarding total serum calcium between the two groups, the mean of both groups was 8.57 ± 0.68 mg/dl and 8.93 ± 0.92 mg/dl for patients and control, respectively, at p = 0.084. Conclusion: There might be an association between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vitamin D3 deficiency. Moreover, there was no significant difference concerning total serum calcium levels between the patient and control groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is one of the complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics, as well as treatment results, of MIS-C patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) monotherapy. Methods: This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with MIS-C. Demographic data, organ involvements at the admission, laboratory evaluations for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up were recorded. We evaluated outcomes by the length of the intensive care unit stay, the total hospitalization period, complications, and mortality. Results: A total of 95 patients diagnosed with MIS-C were evaluated. The mean age was 118.8 (± 52.5) months. 76.8% of the patients had four or more organ systems involved. Seventy-nine patients (83%) were hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for a mean of 4.59 days. Seventy-seven (81%) patients received IVIG. A second dose of IVIG was administered to 66.3% of patients. All patients received vitamin D and C supplementation. Six patients who had cardiac involvement or cerebral infarction were treated with plasmapheresis. No patients received steroids. There was no mortality at the end of the follow-up. Conclusions: Favorable outcomes may be obtained with IVIG monotherapy in MIS-C patients. More clinical trials are needed to establish the role of supportive treatments like vitamin D and C in MIS-C management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women remains high and is associated with vitamin D deficiency in infants. In normally breastfed infants, Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae are known to help in maintaining immunotolerance and prevent infection. Vitamin D in the gastrointestinal tract plays a role in determining the composition and function of intestinal bacteria. Preterm infants are vulnerable to intestinal dysbiosis and sepsis due to bacterial translocation. This study aimed to determine the association between vitamin D levels and intestinal dysbiosis. Methods: It was a cohort study conducted in the Neonatal Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Tertiary hospital in Indonesia, from November 2019 to January 2021. The inclusion criteria in this study were preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks or a birth weight of less than 1500 g. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were collected from the umbilical cords of very preterm or very low birth weight infants. A fecal examination was performed on the seventh day of life to assess intestinal bacteria using real-time PCR for four bacterial genera: Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Clostridiaceae. Results: A total of 43 infants were included in this study. Among the subjects, 53.4% had vitamin D deficiency. There was no association identified between vitamin D deficiency and intestinal dysbiosis (RR 0.67; 95% CI (0.15–2.82), p-value = 0.531). However, the ratio of Lactobacillacecae to Enterobacteriaceae was lower in those with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with dysbiosis in preterm infants. However, this study found that the ratio of Lactobacillaceae to Enterobacteriaceae in those with vitamin D deficiency was lower than in those without vitamin D deficiency. Further research is warranted to confirm this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition is a multifactorial problem affecting older adults especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Eighty-five subjects which comprise 55 older adults and 30 controls were recruited. Total protein, Albumin, Calcium, Vitamin-C and Vitamin D were estimated using Biuret's method, Bromo-Cresol Green method, O-Cresolphthalein-Complexone, High performance liquid chromatography, and ELISA methods respectively. Cognitive and nutritional status information were obtained using Mini-Cog test and MNA-short form. Data were analyzed at p <.05. Activities of daily living (ADL) was observed to be associated with nutritional status in older adults. The prevalence of older adults at risk of malnutrition was found to be 58.2%. Blood pressure, albumin and total protein were significantly higher in older adults (p <.05) compared to the younger adults. Total protein was significantly higher in older female subjects (p <.05) compared to older male subjects. It was also significantly higher in non- institutionalized older adults than in those who were institutionalized. Calf circumference was significantly lower (p <.05) in those with poor cognitive status. BMI and calcium were significantly lower in the malnourished older adults. It is concluded that older adults who are dependent, most of which are institutionalized may be more exposed to malnutrition, frailty and cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Design:Setting:Participants:Results:Conclusion:to investigate the predictors of vitamin D (vitD) status of undernourished and well-nourished children aged under five years in the North West Province of South Africa.this cross-sectional study assessed sociodemographic data, nutritional supplement intake, vitD-rich food consumption, and sunlight exposure via a structured questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected to evaluate vitD, iron, and inflammatory markers.the maternal and child wellness departments of six community clinics in the JB Marks Municipality.121 undernourished and 51 well-nourished children, 6–59 months old.The prevalence of serum 25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml was 20.3%, 19.9%, and 21.6% in the total, undernourished, and well-nourished groups, respectively. The total mean 25(OH)D concentration was 38.41 ± 9.64 ng/ml. Age showed a negative association trend with 25(OH)D in the well-nourished group (β: −0.172, 95% CI −0.353, 0.010, p = 0.063), while household income was inversely associated with 25(OH)D (β = −1.86, 95%CI = −2.99, −0.733, p = 0.001) in the total group. Among the undernourished children, iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) was associated with almost five times greater odds for 25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml (OR: 4.646, 95% CI 1.339, 16.123, p = 0.016). Intake of vitD supplements, therapeutic foods, multivitamins, and formula milk was associated with significantly higher 25(OH)D concentrations and was adjusted for in subsequent analyses. Additionally, consumption of eggs more than once a month was associated with higher 25(OH)D levels in the well-nourished children aged 24–59 months. Nutritional status, inflammation, and sunlight exposure were not associated with 25(OH)D concentrations.vitD insufficiency exists in both the undernourished and the well-nourished. Age, egg consumption, and IDA should be considered in the correction of vitD insufficiency in children.Trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry identifier: PACTR202110646172601.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to vitamin D therapy for osteoporosis is encountered in clinical practice, but epidemiological studies are scarce. We aimed to determine the association between AKI and vitamin D therapy and to identify risk factors for AKI using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. We used reporting odds ratios (RORs) to detect signals and evaluate risk factors using multiple logistic regression analysis. Among 298,891 reports from April 2004 to September 2023, 1071 implicated active vitamin D3 analogs as suspect drugs for adverse events. There was a significant association between AKI and active vitamin D3 analogs (ROR [95% confidence interval {CI}], eldecalcitol: 16.75 [14.23–19.72], P < 0.001; alfacalcidol: 5.29 [4.07–6.87], P < 0.001; calcitriol: 4.46 [1.88–10.59], P < 0.001). The median duration of administration before AKI onset was 15.4 weeks. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between AKI and age ≥ 70 years (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.47 [1.04–2.07]; P = 0.028), weight < 50 kg (1.55 [1.12–2.13]; P = 0.007), hypertension (1.90 [1.42–2.54]; P < 0.001), and concomitant use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (1.58 [1.10–2.25], P = 0.012) and magnesium oxide (1.96 [1.38–2.78]; P < 0.001). Our results suggest that active vitamin D3 analogs are associated with AKI development. Physicians prescribing these medications to patients with risk factors should consider the possibility of AKI, especially during the first 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin D and/or synbiotics on the response to treatment, cytokines profile and hormonal biomarkers in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. A total of 76 patients were recruited and completed the course of the intervention between 2019 and 2021 in Kerman, Iran. breast cancer patients were randomly enrolled in this study. Patients divided into four groups to receive one of the following regimens: placebo, vitamin D, synbiotics and a combination of vitamin D and synbiotics. clinicopathologic parameters, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers and hormonal levels were measured at the baseline and four months after intervention. The study results found no clear link between the interventions and achieving pathological complete response (pCR), and a similar trend was observed in Ki-67 index examination. After neoadjuvant therapy, TNF-α concentrations decreased, with vitamin D supplementation moderating this decline. Vitamin D supplemented groups showed a significant increase in serum IL-6 levels. While IL-10 levels decreased in the placebo group, all intervention groups were protected from this decline. Moreover, there was a notable increase in the anti-inflammatory index, particularly in the group receiving both vitamin D and synbiotic supplementation, suggesting potential synergistic anti-inflammatory effects from their combined administration. The outcomes suggest a potential anti-inflammatory function of this combination. Consequently, more extensive studies with prolonged follow-up periods and substantial sample sizes are warranted to thoroughly evaluate their potential benefits for breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the genomic effects of vitamin D (VitD) on steroidogenesis, sperm structure, and function in mice models with artificially induced vitamin D deficiency (VDD), while maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. qRT‐PCR was utilized to measure the steady‐state RNA levels of key steroidogenic genes, including CYP11A1, CYP19A1, 17βHSDH1, 3βHSDV1, and CYP24A1, involved in VitD metabolism, in testicular extracts from mouse models with varying degrees of VDD severity. Estradiol, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were also assessed. Furthermore, testicular histomorphometric analysis and evaluation of sperm structural and functional parameters were conducted. The study reveals a linear decrease in the expression of monitored steroidogenic genes with increasing severity of VDD. Moreover, in cases of mild and moderate VDD, testicular extracts exhibited significantly reduced levels of LH, estradiol, and testosterone. VDD has substantial effects on testicular steroidogenesis, which directly impacts spermatogenesis, independent of its established role in calcium regulation. Consequently, the reduction in steroidogenesis due to VDD contributes to the diminished efficiency of testicular spermatogenesis in individuals experiencing VDD, a prevalent condition worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), fasting blood sugar (FBS), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the total vitamin D level in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: A systematic search was conducted in databases such as PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov using relevant keywords from January 1990 to January 2024. After screening and extracting data, a qualitative evaluation of articles was performed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Results: The findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased the mean HbA1C (SMD: −0.15; 95% CI: −0.29, −0.20; Isquare: 79.76%; p value < 0.001) and mean FBS (SMD: −0.28; 95% CI: −0.40, −0.15; Isquare: 70.13%; p value < 0.001), lowered SBP (SMD: −0.06; 95% CI: −0.16, −0.05; Isquare: 39.63%; p value = 0.23), and reduced LDL (SMD: −0.11; 95% CI: −0.28, −0.05; Isquare: 73.66%; p value < 0.001). Furthermore, vitamin D supplementation increased the average HDL (SMD: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.29; Isquare: 79.33%; p value < 0.001) and vitamin D levels (SMD: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.53, 2.04; Isquare: 91.92%; p value < 0.001) in patients with T2DM. Subgroup analyses showed that weight gain, BMI, and duration of the disease could reduce the effect of vitamin D supplementation on diabetes control in affected patients. Conclusion: The results also indicated that taking vitamin D supplements in the amount of 50,000 IU had a significant effect on reducing the indicators related to diabetes control. Based on the combined evidence, the findings of this meta‐analysis suggest that vitamin D supplementation can significantly improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of complications associated with T2DM, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated a link between epigenetics and CRC. However, there has been no systematic analysis or visualization of relevant publications using bibliometrics. Methods: 839 publications obtained from the Web of Science Core (WoSCC) were systematically analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. Results: The results show that the countries, institutions, and authors with the most published articles are the United States, Harvard University, and Ogino and Shuji, respectively. SEPT9 is a blood test for the early detection of colorectal cancer. Vitamin D and gut microbiota mediate colorectal cancer and epigenetics, and probiotics may reduce colorectal cancer-related symptoms. We summarize the specific epigenetic mechanisms of CRC and the current existence and potential epigenetic drugs associated with these mechanisms. It is closely integrated with clinical practice, and the possible research directions and challenges in the future are proposed. Conclusion: This study reviews the current research trends and hotspots in CRC and epigenetics, which can promote the development of this field and provide references for researchers in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful epidemiological method for causal inference. However, its recent surge in popularity has brought two concerning trends. First, the public availability of summary results from genome-wide association studies has led to an explosion of low-quality two-sample mendelian randomization (2SMR) studies. These studies add minimal – if any – value and overwhelm reviewers and journals. Second, the availability of large datasets with individual-level genotype data, like UK Biobank, has spurred the development and use of novel MR methods. However, some methods are being applied without proper testing, leading to misleading results, as exemplified by recent spurious findings that are being retracted and/or corrected relating to vitamin D. What can editors and peer reviewers do to handle the deluge of 2SMR studies and the premature application of highly complex MR methods? We advise editors to simply reject papers that only report 2SMR findings, with no additional supporting evidence. For reviewers receiving such papers, we provide a template for rejection. In addition, reviewers should demand rigorous testing of novel methods, including through the use of positive and negative controls before they are applied. Rejecting non-contributory 2SMR papers and imposing intensive scrutiny to novel methods is crucial if the scientific community is to reclaim MR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emerging evidence links vitamin D deficiency to oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation, posing ongoing risks to cardiovascular outcomes in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Despite this, current data are lacking regarding the optimal approach or schedule for administering vitamin D in this population. This study investigated the effectiveness of oral weekly versus oral monthly cholecalciferol supplementation on 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, oxidative stress, inflammatory indicators, and secondary hyperparathyroidism in HD population. HD patients (N = 50) were randomly allocated to Group A (oral weekly 50,000 IU cholecalciferol) or Group B (oral monthly 200,000 IU cholecalciferol) for a 3 months duration. Serum levels of 25(OH)D, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were assessed at baseline and upon completion of the study. Results: A notable increase in serum 25(OH)D levels observed in both groups, with Group A showing a notably greater increase (p = 0.003). Group A demonstrated significant reductions in serum MDA and increases in SOD, along with declines in hsCRP and NLR levels, which were not observed in Group B. Moreover, Group A exhibited a greater drop in iPTH (ΔiPTH = − 30 pg/mL vs. − 3 pg/mL) compared to Group B. Clinicaltrial.gov: NCT05460338, registered 13/07/2022. Conclusions: Weekly oral 50,000 IU cholecalciferol supplementation emerges as a tolerable, safe and effective approach for restoring vitamin D levels in HD patients, while concurrently mitigating inflammation, OS, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. This finding suggests that the more frequent the administration of oral cholecalciferol, the higher the efficiency observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown significant associations between individual fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) and metabolic syndromes (MetS). However, evidence on the multiple FSVs co-exposure and MetS odds is limited. Given that individuals are typically exposed to different levels of FSVs simultaneously, and FSVs can interact with each other. It's necessary to explore the association between multiple FSVs co-exposure and MetS odds. This study aims to address this gap in general U.S. adults aged ≥ 20 years. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESs) 2003–2006 and 2017–2018. Three FSV, including vitamin A (VA), vitamin E (VE), and vitamin D (VD), and MetS diagnosed according to the ATP III guidelines were selected as exposure and outcome, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted logistic model was used to explore the associations of individual FSV exposure with MetS odds and MetS components. Restricted cubic splines were performed to explore the dose–response relationships among them. The quantile g-computation method was adopted to explore the associations of multiple FSVs co-exposure with MetS odds and MetS components. Results: The presented study included a total of 13,975 individuals, with 2400 (17.17%) were diagnosed with MetS. After adjusting for various confounders, a positive linear pattern was observed for serum VA and VE and MetS associations. Serum VD was found to be negatively associated with MetS in a linear dose–response way. For each component of MetS, higher serum VA and VE were associated with higher triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein; higher serum VD was negatively associated with triglyceride, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose. MetS odds increased by 15% and 13%, respectively, in response to one quartile increase in FSVs co-exposure index (qgcomp) in the conditional model (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.24) and the marginal structural model (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.20). Besides, co-exposure to VA, VE, and VD was positively associated with triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and blood pressure levels. Conclusion: Findings in the present study revealed that high serum VA and VE levels were associated with elevated MetS odds, while serum VD was inversely associated with MetS odds. FSVs co-exposure was positively associated with MetS odds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone metabolism disorders increase with age. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of T2DM, and bone metabolism disorders are closely linked to the occurrence of DKD. The relationship between bone turnover markers(BTMs) and the kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between common BTMs and DKD in a large sample of elderly patients. The goal is to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk individuals for DKD among elderly T2DM patients from a bone metabolism perspective. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, BTMs were collected from a cohort of 2,051 hospitalized Chinese patients. The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), β-CrossLaps (β-CTX), osteocalcin (OSTEOC), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and total type I collagen N-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), and DKD, as well as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed using regression analysis and restrictive cubic spline (RCS) curves. Results: Higher 25-OH-D levels were independently linked to a lower incidence of DKD and decreased UACR. The RCS curves showed a linear association of 25-OH-D and DKD, approaching the L-shape. β-CTX was independently and positively correlated with UACR. There is an independent positive correlation between OSTEOC and UACR and a negative correlation with eGFR. iPTH is independently and positively correlated with DKD incidence and UACR, and negatively correlated with eGFR. Additionally, the RCS curves showed a non-linear association of OSTEOC and iPTH and DKD, approaching the J-shape, and the point of inflection is 10.875 ng/L and 34.15 pg/mL respectively. There is an independent positive correlation between TP1NP and UACR incidence, and a negative correlation with eGFR. Risk estimates significantly increase with higher TP1NP levels in the RCS model. Conclusion: BTMs are closely associated with kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM. These discoveries potentially assist clinicians in establishing more preventive measures and targeted treatment strategies for elderly patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric palliative care (PPC) patients are at an elevated risk of malnutrition. Nutritional inadequacy can also cause micronutrient deficiencies. These factors can lead to weight loss, stunted growth, and poor quality of life. Despite the prevalence of these issues, limited research exists in the micronutrient status of PPC patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the vitamin B12 and D, iron, ferritin, folate, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels of PPC patients to contribute to a better understanding of their micronutrient needs as well as the appropriate management of diet and treatment approaches. Methods: This was a single-center observational cross-sectional retrospective study. This study evaluated the levels of vitamin B12, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, iron, ferritin, folate, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in PPC patients. The patients were classified according to the Chronic Complex Conditions (CCC) v2 and then compared. Results: A total of 3,144 micronutrient data points were collected from 822 hospitalizations of 364 patients. At least one micronutrient deficiency was identified in 96.9% of the patients. The most prevalent deficiencies were observed for iron, calcium, and phosphate. In addition, 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was observed in one-third of patients. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, folate, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were negatively correlated with age. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that micronutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent in PPC patients. These findings have the potential to contribute to improvements in the nutritional and therapeutic management of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to investigate the preventive effect of vitamin D2 on COVID-19 and the improvement of symptoms after COVID-19 infection. The study recruited 228 health care workers who tested negative PCR or antigen for COVID-19. Subjects were randomly allocated to vitamin D2 or non-intervention at a ratio 1:1. Subjects recorded PCR or antigen tests and the symptoms of COVID-19 twice a week during the follow-up visit. The concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), C-reaction protein (CRP), complement component C1q and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The rates of COVID-19 infection were 50.5% in the vitamin D2 group and 52.4% in the non-intervention group (P = 0.785). There was no difference in the COVID-19 symptoms between the two groups. The mean 25(OH)D level significantly increased from 14.1 to 31.1 ng/mL after administration (P < 0.001). The difference between the two groups was not significant for the concentrations of CRP, C1q and inflammatory cytokines on the thirtieth day of the trial. According to the second level of vitamin D, there was a 14.3% difference in positive infection rates between the vitamin D adequate (> 30 ng/mL) and deficient groups (< 20 ng/mL). Adequate vitamin D had a tendency to prevent COVID-19. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05673980, dated: 12/2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease with unknown etiology. Poor dietary intake with nutritional deficiency and overweight have been described to increase the risk of IBS. The aim of the present study was to compare weight and circulating levels of micronutrients in IBS compared with healthy controls. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Patients diagnosed with IBS and healthy volunteers were recruited. Participants had to complete a dietary diary book and the questionnaires Rome IV, IBS-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS), and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS). Weight and height were measured, and blood samples were drawn. C-reactive protein (CRP), cobalamin, folate, iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and 25-hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D were analyzed. Differences were calculated between groups and generalized linear model for regressions was adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR). Results: IBS patients (n = 260) were elder than controls (n = 50) (44.00 (33.25-56.00) vs. 37.85 (30.18–45.48) years; p = 0.012). After adjustment for age, both weight (β: 5.880; 95% CI: 1.433–10.327; p = 0.010, FDR = 0.020) and body mass index (BMI) (β: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.68–3.36; p = 0.003, FDR = 0.012) were higher in patients. Among IBS participants, 48.1% were overweight/obese compared with 26.0% in controls (p = 0.007). Diarrhea-predominated IBS had highest weight (p < 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.077). CRP and cobalamin were higher in patients than controls (p = 0.010 vs. p = 0.007), whereas folate was highest in controls (p = 0.001). IBS patients had lower intake of vegetables (p = 0.026), dairy products (p = 0.004), and cereals (p = 0.010) compared with controls. Despite 21.5% of IBS patients were taking vitamin D supplements, 23.65% of them had vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/L, compared with 26.0% observed in the control group (p = 0.720). Vitamin D levels were lower in overweight than in normal weight IBS patients (60 (48–73) nmol/L vs. 65 (53–78) nmol/L, p = 0.022). Vitamin D correlated with cobalamin and folate but correlated inversely with TIBC and BMI. IBS patients had a high degree of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, which were inversely associated with iron levels. Extraintestinal symptoms were associated with increased BMI. Conclusion: IBS patients were often overweight or obese, with low vitamin D levels. High burden of extraintestinal symptoms were associated with overweight and lower iron levels. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05192603 (Date of registration 11/29/2021) and NCT03306381 (Date of registration 09/18/2017), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moral imperative of public health systems is to maximize the health and welfare of the population to the extent possible. Constraints often include a lack of resources, political will, popular acceptance, or an acceptable safety margin. Major agencies have established iron, iodine, and vitamin A as the principal elements for micronutrients, with folate and zinc on the second plane. As the armamentarium of interventions to favor micronutrient nutrition, for example, preventive health measures, dietary improvement, forms of fortification, and nutrient supplements, is offered in public health policy. The utility of their merger with other nutrients, emergent nutrients, has been considered. The Latin America and Caribbean Region has unique characteristics. The scientific and epidemiology considerations for action in the Region's health concern on 4 emergent nutrient deficiencies of public health—vitamins D and E, essential fatty acids, and choline—are reviewed. Plain language title: Micronutrient Deficiencies of Interest in Latin America and the Caribbean Plain language summary: The diets consumed in the diverse corners and societies in the nations of Latin America and the Caribbean area do not fully supply the vitamins and minerals needed by people of all ages and conditions. Some public health actions are being taken, but only against a limited selection of such nutrients as iron, vitamin A, iodine, and folic acid. The composition of diets and environmental conditions across the region suggests that 4 additional nutrients might be candidates for public health efforts. These include vitamin D, vitamin E, certain large fatty acid molecules, and choline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Micronutrients play pivotal roles in modulating various aspects of the immune response. However, the existing literature on the association between micronutrients and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) remains limited and contentious. To address this gap, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential links between genetically predicted concentrations of six micronutrients (Copper (Cu), Iron (Ir), Calcium (Ca), Vitamin D (VD), Vitamin C (VC), Zinc (Zn)) and the risk of AIT. Method: Utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European descent, we employed MR methodologies to elucidate the interplay between micronutrients and AIT. Three distinct MR techniques were employed: Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and Weighted Median Estimator (WME). Additionally, we evaluated outcome heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic and assessed pleiotropy using the MR-Egger intercept. Result: IVW analysis revealed no substantial evidence supporting a significant impact of genetically predicted micronutrient concentrations on AIT risk (Cu: OR = 0.918, P = 0.875; Ir: OR = 0.653, P = 0.264; Ca: OR = 0.964, P = 0.906; VD: OR = 0.717, P = 0.378; VC: OR = 0.986, P = 0.875; Zn: OR = 0.789, P = 0.539). Cochran’s Q test for IVW indicated no notable heterogeneity. Moreover, the MREgger intercept method suggested the presence of horizontal pleiotropy between serum VC levels and AIT (MR-Egger intercept = −0.037, p = 0.026), while no such pleiotropy was observed for other micronutrients. Conclusion: Our MR analysis does not support a causal relationship between genetically predicted concentrations of six micronutrients (Cu, Ir, Ca, VD, VC, and Zn) and the risk of AIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (NODM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in dogs and its etiology closely resembles type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in people. Human patients with T1DM commonly have cellular derangements consistent with inflammation, impaired immune function, and hypovitaminosis D. There is little information available regarding inflammatory biomarkers, immune function, and vitamin D status in diabetic dogs. Therefore, our objectives were to assess inflammatory biomarkers, vitamin D metabolites, and phagocytic capacity in diabetic dogs and determine whether associations exist with these variables and the level of clinical control or vitamin D metabolites. This was a prospective case--control study that included 20 otherwise healthy diabetic dogs (clinically controlled, n = 10; uncontrolled, n = 10) and 20 nondiabetic, healthy, age (± 2 years), breed, and sex matched controls. Complete blood count, biochemical panel, urinalysis, and fructosamine were performed at a single commercial reference laboratory. Basal plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were measured using a canine-specific multiplex bead-based assay. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin (OH)2D3 were measured with HPLC. Phagocytosis of opsonized-Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated with flow cytometry. Diabetic dogs had higher serum CRP concentrations than controls (p = 0.02). Plasma IL-8 concentrations were higher in diabetic dogs with uncontrolled clinical disease compared to controls (p = 0.02). Diabetic dogs had a lower percentage of leukocytes that phagocytized opsonized-E. coli (p = 0.02), but an increased number of bacteria phagocytized per cell (p < 0.001) compared to controls. No between-group differences were identified in vitamin D metabolites, nor were associations found between vitamin D and any variables. Fructosamine had a positive association with serum CRP concentration (rho = 0.35, p = 0.03) and number of bacteria phagocytized per cell (rho = 0.45, p = 0.004) in our cohort (n = 40). Like people with T1DM, diabetic dogs have a proinflammatory phenotype and phagocytic dysregulation that may be correlated with glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes Mellitus Type II (DM-II) and periodontitis are interlinked chronic conditions with complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Micronutrient deficiencies have been implicated in both conditions, but the evaluation of their serum profile in individuals with DM-II and periodontitis remains underexplored. Understanding the micronutrient status in these populations could provide valuable insights into their nutritional needs and potential therapeutic interventions. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from DM-II patients with periodontitis (n=50), healthy individuals with periodontitis (n=50), and healthy controls without periodontitis (n=50). Micronutrient analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify levels of vitamins (e.g., A, C, D, E), minerals (e.g., zinc, iron, magnesium), and antioxidants (e.g., selenium, glutathione). Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and post-hoc tests to compare micronutrient levels among the groups. Results: In DM-II patients with periodontitis, serum levels of vitamin C were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to both healthy individuals with periodontitis and healthy controls without periodontitis. Similarly, levels of vitamin D and zinc were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in DM-II patients with periodontitis compared to healthy controls without periodontitis. However, no significant differences were observed in the levels of other micronutrients among the groups. Conclusion: This study highlights distinct alterations in the serum micronutrient profile of DM-II patients with periodontitis, particularly lower levels of vitamin C, D, and zinc. These findings suggest the importance of nutritional interventions targeting these deficiencies in managing the comorbidity of DMII and periodontitis. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanistic links between micronutrient status and the pathogenesis of these chronic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Latin American countries have shifted from traditional diets rich in micronutrients to a Westernized diet rich in high energy-dense foods and low in micronutrients. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of adequate micronutrient intakes in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. Method: Micronutrient dietary intake data were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 from 9216 men and women aged 15.0 to 65.0 years living in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-hour recalls on nonconsecutive days. Micronutrient adequacy of intake was calculated using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-off method. Results: In general terms, the prevalence of inadequate intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, cobalamin, iron, phosphorus, copper, and selenium ranged from 0.4% to 9.9%. In contrast, the prevalence of inadequacy of pyridoxine, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin A ranged from 15.7% to 51.5%. The nutrients with a critical prevalence of inadequacy were magnesium (80.5%), calcium (85.7%), and vitamin D (98.2%). The highest prevalence of inadequate intakes was observed in the low educational level, participants with overweight/obesity, in men, and varies according to socioeconomic status. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to define direct regional actions and strategies in Latin America aimed at improving micronutrient adequacy, either through staple food fortification programs, agronomic biofortification, or food policies that facilitate economic access to micronutrient-rich foods. Plain language title: Description of the Vitamin and Mineral Consumption Status in Urban Cities of Latin America: Results of the Latin American Health and Nutrition Study. Plain language summary: Vitamins and minerals are essential for maintaining good health. However, traditional Latin American diets are changing to include foods that have a lot of sugar and fat but fewer vitamins and minerals. This study was designed to analyze the consumption of these nutrients in urban cities of 8 Latin American countries. We collected food consumption information from September 2014 to August 2015 from 9216 men and women between 15 and 65 years old using a method called 24-hour recall. To find out if participants were consuming the necessary daily amounts of vitamins and minerals, intakes were compared with the daily recommended amounts suggested by the Institutes of Medicine of the United States. We found that Latin American urban populations consume fewer vitamins and minerals than recommended. In some cases, few people do not consume the required amounts of vitamins and minerals, but in other cases, many do not. For example, few do not consume enough thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, cobalamin, iron, phosphorus, copper, and selenium. However an intermediate number of people do not consume enough pyridoxine and zinc, a high number consume little vitamin C and vitamin A, and many people consume very little magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D. We found that the people who consume fewer vitamins and minerals are mostly males, overweight/obese, have lower education and varies according to their financial resources. A deficient intake of vitamins and minerals showed up in most age groups, from adolescence to adulthood. To improve vitamins and minerals intake, it is important that some foods that are frequently eaten are fortified or that the price of foods that are high in vitamins and minerals is lowered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Previous studies have reported that TB susceptibility can be caused by vitamin D deficiency, which is affected by polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. However, these results have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between VDR polymorphisms and TB susceptibility. Methods: We systematically searched for relevant literature in PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases through December 31st, 2022. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were made to ensure that HIV-negative population is the targeted subjects. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were then used to assess the strength of the association, and the quality of the included articles was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Potential sources of heterogeneity were evaluated based on subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Results: In our meta-analysis, we found that the FokI polymorphism in the VDR gene was associated with increased TB susceptibility in the allele and recessive genotype models (OR f vs. F = 1.235, 95%CI: 1.035-1.475; OR ff vs. Ff + FF = 1.317, 95%CI: 1.00-1.727. Further subgroup analysis based on ethnicity demonstrated the association with the risk of TB in all genotype models of the FokI polymorphism for Han population. Meta-regression analysis also indicated that ethnicity could be a potential source of heterogeneity in the FokI and BsmI polymorphisms in the VDR gene. However, publication year was another source of heterogeneity for the TaqI polymorphism. Conclusion: In summary, the FokI polymorphism in the VDR gene was found to increase the risk of TB in the HIV-negative population, both overall and in Asian populations. The findings presented in this paper could provide clues for preventing TB from the perspective of vitamin D supplementation, which is a controversial topic in the field of medicine and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The structural, electronic, and nonlinear optical properties of Verdoocridone A (Ver A) and B (Ver B) are examined theoretically in this study. The results showed that Ver A and B exhibit good electronic properties and can be used as new materials in NLO applications. According to their maximum absorption wavelength, Ver A (λmax = 313 nm) enables production of vitamin D, while Ver B (λmax = 319.55 nm) can help skin pigmentation. Methods: All calculations were performed at the DFT/B3LYP-D3/6–311 + G(d,p) level of theory using the Gaussian 16 software package. Excited states were simulated using the TD-DFT method at the CAM-B3LYP combined with 6–311 + (d,p) basis set. Also, the solvent effect was studied in water and benzene phases by the solvation model based on density (SMD) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)—and its worse form, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), characterised by inflammation and liver damage—corresponds to the liver's involvement in metabolic syndrome, which constitutes an economic burden for healthcare systems. However, the biomolecular pathways that contribute to steatotic liver disease are not completely clear. Abnormalities of bone metabolism are frequent in people affected by metabolic liver disease, with reduced bone density and an increased risk of fracture. Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin(OPG) are critical regulators of bone metabolism, performing pleiotropic effects, and may have potential involvement in metabolic disorders like MASLD, resulting in a topic of great interest and intrigue. This narrative review aims to investigate this potential role and its implications in MASLD development and progression and in hepatocellular carcinoma, which represents its worst complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the association of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) gene polymorphisms, vitamin D levels, and the severity of COVID-19, including the need for intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. We analyzed a cohort of 56 consecutive age- and gender-matched adult COVID-19-positive patients and categorized them into three groups: outpatients with mild illness, inpatients with moderate disease, and ICU patients. We measured levels of free, total, and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], VDBP, and albumin. VDBP polymorphisms rs5488 and rs7041 were identified using real-time PCR. A significant proportion of ICU patients were vitamin D-deficient (56.25%) compared to outpatients (10%) and inpatients (5%) (p = 0.0003). ICU patients also had notably lower levels of VDBP (median: 222 mg/L) and total 25(OH)D (median: 18.8 ng/mL). Most patients carried heterozygous rs7041 (60.7%) and wild-type rs4588 (58.9%) genotypes. The distribution of rs7041 SNP varied significantly among groups (p = 0.0301), while rs4588 SNP distribution did not (p = 0.424). Heterozygous rs4588 patients had significantly lower VDBP levels (p = 0.029) and reduced bioavailable 25(OH)D compared to those with wild-type rs4588 (p = 0.020). Our findings indicate that VDBP gene polymorphisms, particularly rs7041 and rs4588, are associated with vitamin D status and the severity of COVID-19. The lower VDBP levels and bioavailable vitamin D in ICU patients suggest that these genetic variants may influence disease severity and hospitalization needs. These results highlight the potential role of VDBP polymorphisms in COVID-19 severity, suggesting that genetic screening could be valuable in assessing the risk of severe outcomes and guiding personalized treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the intestines without a cure. Current therapies suppress inflammation to prevent further intestinal damage. However, healing already damaged intestinal epithelia is still an unmet medical need. Under physiological conditions, Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in the intestinal crypts replenish the epithelia every 3–5 days. Therefore, understanding the regulation of Lgr5+ ISCs is essential. Previous data suggest vitamin D signaling is essential to maintain normal Lgr5+ ISC function in vivo. Our recent data indicate that to execute its functions in the intestines optimally, 1,25(OH)2D requires high concentrations that, if present systemically, can cause hypercalcemia (i.e., blood calcium levels significantly higher than physiological levels), leading to severe consequences. Using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label the actively proliferating ISCs, our previous data suggested that de novo synthesized locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations effectively enhanced the migration and differentiation of ISCs without causing hypercalcemia. However, although sparse in the crypts, other proliferating cells other than Lgr5+ ISCs could also be labeled with BrdU. This current study used high-purity Lgr5+ ISC lines and a mouse strain, in which Lgr5+ ISCs and their progeny could be specifically tracked, to investigate the effects of de novo synthesized locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations on Lgr5+ ISC function. Our data showed that 1,25(OH)2D at concentrations significantly higher than physiological levels augmented Lgr5+ ISC differentiation in vitro. In vivo, de novo synthesized locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations significantly elevated local 1α-hydroxylase expression, robustly suppressed experimental colitis, and promoted Lgr5+ ISC differentiation. For the first time, this study definitively demonstrated 1,25(OH)2D's role in Lgr5+ ISCs, underpinning 1,25(OH)2D's promise in IBD therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted on 70 blood samples, which were divided into two parts: • Patient group: 35 samples were from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. • Control group (healthy women): 35 samples were from healthy women (as a control group). The ages of both groups ranged between (18-45) years for the period from 4/1/2024 - 6/1/2024. From Samarra General Hospital in Salah al-Din Governorate, blood was then collected from patients and healthy people and separated using a centrifuge. Then biochemical variables were measured, which included (glucose, LH, FSH, iron, magnesium, and vitamin D). The results of the current research showed a significant increase in each of the levels (glucose, LH, iron, and magnesium). In the blood serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with the control group, there was a significant decrease in the level of (Vit D, FSH) in both groups at its level, probability P ≤ 0.001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, are prevalent endocrine disorders with significant global health impacts. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D, known for its role in bone health and calcium metabolism, may also influence immune function and thyroid health. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in improving thyroid function and reducing autoimmune activity in individuals with thyroid disorders. Methods: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) involved 200 participants diagnosed with thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and AITDs. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D supplementation (50,000 IU/week for 8 weeks, followed by 2,000 IU/day for 10 months) or a placebo for 12 months. Primary outcomes included changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, thyroid function tests (TSH, Free T4, Free T3), and thyroid autoantibodies (anti-TPO, antiTG). Secondary outcomes included improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: Participants in the intervention group exhibited a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels (from 18.5 ± 4.3 ng/mL to 35.2 ± 6.2 ng/mL, p < 0.001). This increase was associated with significant reductions in TSH levels (-1.2 ± 0.8 mIU/L, p < 0.001) and thyroid autoantibodies (anti-TPO: -30 ± 12 IU/mL, p < 0.001; anti-TG: -25 ± 10 IU/mL, p < 0.001). Improvements in Free T4 and Free T3 levels were also observed in the intervention group (p < 0.001). The control group showed no significant changes in these parameters. Participants in the intervention group reported greater improvement in clinical symptoms and quality of life. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation significantly improves thyroid function and reduces autoimmune activity in individuals with thyroid disorders, particularly those with hypothyroidism and AITDs. These findings suggest that vitamin D may serve as an effective adjunctive therapy in managing thyroid disorders. Further research is needed to confirm these results and explore the long-term benefits of vitamin D supplementation in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency and adipokines like vaspin play significant roles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between serum vitamin D levels, vaspin levels, and AMI remains poorly understood. Aim and Objectives : To evaluate and compare serum vitamin D and vaspin levels in patients with AMI and healthy individuals. Materials and Method : This cross-sectional study involved 100 participants, divided into two groups: 50 patients diagnosed with AMI and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum levels of vitamin D and vaspin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Clinical and demographic data were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to compare serum levels between the two groups and to evaluate the correlation between vitamin D and vaspin levels. Results : The results showed that serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in AMI patients compared to controls (p<0.05). Conversely, serum vaspin levels were significantly higher in the AMI group (p<0.05). Conclusion : The study concludes that lower vitamin D levels and elevated vaspin levels are associated with AMI. These biomarkers may serve as potential predictors for the risk and severity of AMI, offering new insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease management. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe allergic rhinitis has been associated with significant impairments in quality of life, sleep, and work performance. Recent evidence suggests that serum vitamin D3 has significantly correlated with the severity of allergic rhinitis (AR). Aim: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation has any role to reduce the severity of disease spectrum among allergic rhinitis patients. Material & Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the department of otorhinolaryngology in a tertiary care hospital. 120 subjects with allergic rhinitis were evaluated for serum vitamin D levels. Pre-treatment total nasal symptom score (TNSS) were recorded for these patients. One group received anti-allergic while another group received vitamin D supplementation along with anti-allergic treatment. Post treatment TNSS scores and AR severity were calculated and analysed. Results: Majority of the patients (35%) were 31-40 years age group, predominantly female (55.8%). Most of them (51.7%) were vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/dl). The vitamin D deficiency was more pronounced in the patients having severe allergic rhinitis with TNSS > 11 were having mean vitamin D level 17.2 ng/ml. TNSS were significantly improved after successful vitamin D supplementation among allergic rhinitis patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: patients with allergic rhinitis might be more vulnerable to have lower serum levels of vitamin D. Thus, significant reduction in the allergy symptom scores after vitamin D supplementation which alters the course of disease towards clinical improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: Determine the vitamin D levels in children of already diagnosed case of allergies in age group of 2 to 10 years. • To determine the correlation between vitamin D status and allergies in children of age group of 2 to 10years. Materials & Method: It is a crosssectional study. The subjects were recruited from BEBE NANKI MOTHER & Child Care Center attached to government medical college Amritsar. 200 subjects in age group of 2 to 10 years diagnosed with allergies were included. Patients with age group less than 2years & more than 10years& those on drugs like rifampicin, isoniazid, ketoconazole were excluded from study. 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25{OH}D) was analysed from enzyme linked immunoassay in human serum or plasma. Informed written consent was obtained from the subjects from the institution before commencing the study. The results were analysed statistically using student “t” test. Results: All the data is expressed as mean ±SD The ‘Pvalue was evaluated which suggested a negative association between vitamin D status and Allergies in children. Conclusion: The present study suggested that there is negative association between vitamin D status and allergies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Serum Vitamin D plays an important role in sepsis; lack of Vitamin D has been linked to a higher risk for the progression of infections, as it signifies an immune system mediator. Aims and Objectives: In this study, our aim is to evaluate the correlation between serum levels of Vitamin D and clinical outcome in sepsis patients. Materials and Methods: The present prospective cohort study was performed on patients over 18 years of age suspected of sepsis presenting to an emergency department during 1 year. For all eligible patients, the blood sample was drawn for the measurement of serum level of Vitamin D3, and its correlation with outcomes such as mortality, renal failure, and liver failure was assessed. Results: One hundred and sixty patients with a mean age of 48.5±20.587 years were studied (60.0% males). The mean serum level of Vitamin D3 in the studied patients was 32.0±12.54 ng/mL. By considering 30-100 ng/mL as the normal range of Vitamin D, 70% of the patients had Vitamin D deficiency. Only age (r=-0.261, P=0.037) and mortality (r=-0.426, P=0.025) showed a significant correlation with mean Vitamin D. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, out of 160 patients, 61.25% of patients with sepsis are Vitamin D deficient. There is a significant and inverse relationship between mortality and advanced age which were associated with serum Vitamin D3 levels. Hence, supplementing with Vitamin D appears to have potential benefits in reducing infection rates, sepsis-related deaths, and infection prevalence, particularly in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain associated with fatigue, stiffness, sleep disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, and depression. The role of Vitamin D in the pathophysiology of FM is poorly known. Studies available to establish the association between Vitamin D and FM have inconsistent results. Some of the studies reported a positive association and others found no relation. It is not clear whether the pain is due to and/or associated with low levels of Vitamin D. Aims and Objectives: The objective of the current study is to estimate Vitamin D levels in FM patients and to find the association between Vitamin D levels and severity of FM. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, seventy patients who fulfilled the inclusion (American College of Rheumatology 2016 criteria) and exclusion criteria as has been considered for the study were enrolled and their serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D level has been measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. Pre-designed questionnaires were prepared to measure FM severity. Pain intensity was measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: A total of 70 patients who were diagnosed with FM were included in our study. The majority of them (80%) were female and the rest (20%) were male. The mean age is 48.2±9.2 years. Their mean body mass index (BMI) is 23.7±3.82. The mean Vitamin D serum level was 22.4±9.2 ng/dL. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was defined as patients with a serum level of 20 ng/mL and below. In our study, 62.8% (44) of the study population had VDD. According to VAS (0-10) pain scale, 15 (21.4%) subjects suffered from moderate pain and 55 (78.6%) subjects suffered from severe pain. The severity of FM was measured by the Fibromyalgia Severity Scale (FSS). The mean score of FSS was 22.7. To find the association between VDD and severity of FM, several covariates were identified and a multivariable logistic regression was done. Conclusion: VDD increases with an increase in age, BMI, VAS, and FSS, all of which are predicators of FM syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is a common public health issue worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vitamin D status and its potential determinants in children residing in Sardinia (40°N), Italy. Methods: Children were enrolled over a 12-month period. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by an immunochemiluminescence assay. A questionnaire was used to gather information on other variables, including passive smoke exposure. Results: A total of 182 children (males: 51.7%; median age: 9 years) were included. Mean±standard deviation serum 25(OH)D was 25.2±8.3 ng/mL for the whole group. The majority (n=123, 67.6%) had vitamin D sufficient values >20 ng/mL, while 32.4% (n=59) had vitamin D insufficient/deficient values (≤20 ng/mL). Among the variables investigated, passive smoke exposure was significantly associated with insufficient 25(OH)D levels (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Our results confirm that hypovitaminosis D is common in Italian children. Furthermore, passive smoke exposure was identified as a significant risk factor for hypovitaminosis D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin A (VA) on the tibial growth, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) metabolism, VA, and vitamin D (VD) deposition, and associated gene expression in goslings. Methods: A total of 180 healthy, 1-day-old male goslings were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups (0, 9,000, and 15,000 IU VA/kg), with 6 replicates containing 10 goslings each. They were weighed and sampled on days 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70. Results: No addition of VA reduced VA content in the serum and liver of goslings, and supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA increased VA content from day 14 (p<0.05). The trend of VA concentration in the serum and liver was in line with the relative mRNA expression of retinoic acid receptor β in the jejunal mucosa. In both no addition of VA and supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA reduced 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-VD3) content in the serum and VD content in the liver (p<0.05). From day 28, no addition of VA or supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA had a negative effect on tibia length, strength, and Ca, P, and ash content in goslings (p<0.05). Tibia P content was lower in the supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA group than in the no addition of VA group (p<0.05). No addition of VA or supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA had the most effect on early serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in goslings (p<0.05). The effect of no addition of VA on the bone Gla protein (BGP) content of goslings started from day 14 (p<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of bone Gla-protein (BGLAP) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in the liver and jejunal mucosa was decreased by either no addition of VA or supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both no addition of VA and supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA affected the mineralization process of the bone, and ultimately reduced tibial quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): The combination of TNF-α inhibitors and vitamin D in colitis remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we revealed the benefit of infliximab (IFX) and vitamin D in a mouse model of Ulcerative colitis (UC). Materials and Methods: A dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model was used. The therapeutic effect of the combination was evaluated by symptom and histopathology analysis. The synergistic mechanism was explored by detecting the regulatory effect of the combined therapy on Regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation. Results: IFX and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3) synergistically prevented the development of colitis by improving clinical signs, pathological and hematological manifestation, and inhibiting intestinal inflammation (decreasing TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Co-administration of IFX (2.5 mg/kg) with VitD3 or IFX (5.0 mg/kg) with VitD3 was more effective than administration of IFX (2.5 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg). There was no difference in therapeutic effect between IFX (5.0 mg/kg) and VitD3+ IFX (2.5 mg/kg) groups or between the VitD3+IFX (5.0 mg/kg) and VitD3+ Azathioprine (AZA) groups. VitD3 or combination therapy showed more powerful regulation of splenetic Treg differentiation and IL-10 production than IFX alone. Moreover, VitD3 alone or in combination induced higher levels of Foxp3 and IL-10 than IFX in colon tissue. In ulcerative colitis patients, serum VitD3 levels positively correlated with Treg levels. Conclusion: VitD3 and IFX synergistically inhibit colitis based on their powerful regulation of Treg differentiation. VitD3 combined with IFX is an alternative therapy for patients who are intolerant to standard doses of IFX or combination of IFX and AZA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preeclampsia is a life-threatening multisystem disorder of pregnancy which has been observed in 2%–10% of pregnancies. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency ranges from 15% to 80%. Deficiency of Vitamin D is associated with the development of preeclampsia. This study was done to find out the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among preeclamptic/eclamptic and normal pregnant females, to establish Vitamin D deficiency as a causal factor of preeclampsia, and to elucidate the relation between 25 (OH) Vitamin D status and the severe preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 50 normotensives (controls) and 50 hypertensive pregnant females with preeclampsia/eclampsia (cases), and 25 (OH) Vitamin D level was measured by chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Results: Among the preeclamptic/eclamptic group, 32 (64%) were noted with Vitamin D deficiency and 18 (36%) with Vitamin D insufficiency. In the control group, 30 (60%) pregnant women showed Vitamin D deficiency, 19 (38%) with Vitamin D insufficiency, and a sufficient level of Vitamin D was observed in one woman (2%). Conclusion: Although it is difficult to demonstrate the correlation between Vitamin D levels and preeclampsia, there is a widespread global prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. Hence, Vitamin D supplementation can be included routinely in the antenatal care program in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The pancreas contains Vitamin D (Vit.-D) and an enzyme that regulates insulin levels. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with several severe health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, various cancers, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, the objective of the current study is to investigate the correlation between Vitamin D levels and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in both patients and controls. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 163 T2DM (Group I) and 174 healthy (Group II) subjects to estimate the level of Vit.-D and HbA1c in the blood serum of all subjects, using radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Results: The results revealed that Group I had a lower level of Vit.-D (17.82 ± 2.23 ng/mL) than Group II. Similarly, they have high HbA1c levels, showing significant (P < 0.001; Student's t -test). Further, in Group I, Vit.-D levels were negatively correlated with HbA1c levels (P < 0.001; r2 = 0.07, linear regression). Group I and II combined analysis revealed an inverse relationship between Vit.-D levels and HbA1c (P < 0.001; r2 = 0.021). Conclusion: The study concluded a negative correlation between Vit.-D levels and HbA1c levels in T2DM. However, Vit.-D therapy can recover this correlation, which helps control glycemic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cognitive decline and comorbid conditions commonly co-occur, and these conditions can affect cognitive health. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) according to weight status and to evaluate the associations between CI, weight status and comorbid conditions in adults of 55 years and older. The Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) was used. Logistic regressions were performed. Overall, 415 individuals were included. The mean age was 75.7 ± 10.1 years, and the mean BMI was 26.2 ± 6.9 kg/m2. The prevalence of CI was 20.7% in the whole study group and 31%, 24.8%, 17.7% and 10.2% in underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese individuals, respectively; p < 0.004. The low folate, vitamin D and prealbumin levels were more frequently found in individuals with CI compared with those without CI. Compared with the obese individuals, a higher odds ratio of prevalent CI was noted for underweight individuals OR 3.89 (95% CI 1.54–9.80); p = 0.004. Additionally, male gender, older age, stroke, having three or more comorbid conditions and findings of undernutrition were significantly associated with CI. Being underweight was associated with an increased risk of CI. Prevention strategies including the monitoring of nutritional status may help to prevent cognitive decline and promote healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency (i.e., serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≤ 20 ng/mL) associates with the increased occurrence and shortened time to a knee osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: This study consisted of a retrospective, case-control design. The inclusion criteria consisted of (1) patients (≥18 y) who underwent arthroscopic ACLR with (cases; n = 28) and without (controls; n = 56) a subsequent knee OA diagnosis (≥90 d from the date of ACLR) and (2) with a documented serum 25(OH)D concentration after ACLR (and before a knee OA diagnosis for the cases). Controls were matched (2:1) to cases based on sex, age at ACLR, date of ACLR, and body mass index. After matching, patients were separated into two groups: (1) vitamin D deficient (serum 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL) or (2) non-vitamin D deficient (serum 25(OH)D > 20 ng/mL). Data were extracted from the medical records. Results: Thirty-one percent (n = 26) of patients included were vitamin D deficient. Fifty percent (n = 13) of the vitamin D deficient and twenty-six percent (n = 15) of the non-vitamin D deficient patients were subsequently diagnosed with knee OA (p = 0.03). Time from ACLR to a knee OA diagnosis was significantly (p = 0.02) decreased in the vitamin D deficient (OA-free interval, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.9 to 10.9 y) compared to the non-vitamin D deficient group (OA-free interval, 95% CI = 10.5 to 12.5 y). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency after ACLR may serve as a prognostic biomarker for knee OA following ACLR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we investigated 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, vitamin D), inflammatory hematologic ratios such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), monocyte/HDL-C ratio (MHR) and plasma atherogenic index (PAI) and possible relationships with insulin resistance (IR) in children. Methods: A total of 210 individuals, including 96 children with IR and 114 children without IR, aged 6–18 years, who were admitted to the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic at Medicine Hospital, Istanbul Atlas University were included in our study. Result: Compared to patients without IR, NLR, PLR, SII, and MHR were significantly higher in patients with IR. Fasting insulin, PAI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and HOMA-β were significantly higher and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was considerably lower in patients with IR compared to those without IR. NLR, SII, and MHR were lower in normal vitamin D groups than the others (p < 0.001). PLR was lower in the group with normal vitamin D levels than the groups with insufficient or deficient levels of vitamin D (D < 21). Conclusions: We found that vitamin D deficiency in childhood is related to increased levels of circulating inflammatory markers (NLR, PLR, MHR, PAI), IR, and decreased insulin sensitivity. According to our results, supplementation of vitamin D may be beneficial in averting IR and enhanced systemic inflammation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]