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Recent observations indicate that curious closed depressions in carbonate sediments overlying basement edifices are widespread in the equatorial Pacific. A possible mechanism for their creation is dissolution by fluids exiting basement vents from off-axis hydrothermal flow. Quantitative analysis based on the retrograde solubility of calcium carbonate and cooling of basement fluids during ascent provides an estimate for the dissolution capacity of the venting fluids. Comparison of the dissolution capacity and fluid flux with typical equatorial Pacific carbonate mass accumulation rates shows that this mechanism is feasible. By maintaining sediment-free basement outcrops, the process may promote widespread circulation of relatively unaltered seawater in the basement in an area where average sediment thicknesses are 300-500 m. The enhanced ventilation can explain several previously puzzling observations in this region, including anomalously low heat flux, relatively unaltered seawater in the basement, and aerobic and nitrate-reducing microbial activity at the base of the sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An eddy-permitting global ocean model is used to interpret kinematics within the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, from 160°E to the coast of America. Because of high levels of variability in this region, observational studies of meridional flow are contradictory, in particular as to whether the net flow is northward or southward. Unlike most oceanographic datasets, model output can be analyzed at high temporal and spatial resolution, providing clues as to real ocean behavior. In the model, a net southward flow occurs across the equator east of 160°W, at most density layers throughout the year. In the central Pacific, from 160°E to 160°W, the net flow is northward but varies with season and occurs primarily in the mixed layer. This is a key region for the flow of Equatorial Undercurrent water into the Northern Hemisphere. The three-dimensional flow is very complex and seasonally dependent. It is vital that these flows are analyzed in an isopycnal framework, or else the pathways are very misleading. In the first half of the year, evidence is found of meridional tropical cells on either side of the equator out to ±5°. These cells appear to exist without any need for diapycnal downwelling. In the second half of the year, when tropical instability waves are active, the cells are overlaid by a strong surface southward flow that appears to be a bolus-type transport. This transport is not apparent unless the flow is calculated in the aforementioned manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]