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Simple Summary: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are heterogenous lymphoproliferative disorders that develop in immunosuppressed transplant recipients. We performed a retrospective review of PTLD occurring in pediatric heart transplant recipients and sought to determine the correlation of PTLD subtypes with different characteristics. Our single institution retrospective study found that compared to older children, infant heart transplant recipients were less likely to develop PTLD. Infant heart transplant recipients who developed PTLD were diagnosed later than older children and had a lower rate of more aggressive PTLD. The overall survival of patients with more aggressive PTLD was significantly lower than patients with low-grade PTLD. Proper classification of the type of PTLD is important, as the subtypes of PTLD showed a significant correlation with the outcome. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are heterogenous lymphoproliferative disorders that develop as a consequence of immunosuppression in transplant recipients. We sought to determine if subtypes of PTLD correlated with different outcomes. We performed a retrospective review of PTLD occurring in pediatric heart transplant recipients. A total of 558 children and infants underwent cardiac transplantation at our institution between 1985 and 2019 and were followed until March 2021. Forty-nine of 558 patients developed PTLD (8.8%). As compared to older children (>one year of age), infant recipients (

To evaluate changes in neovascularization of transplanted islets in vivo, dynamic contrast (gadolinium) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used. Both iron (Feridex)-labeled and unlabeled syngeneic murine subcapsular islet grafts were studied. Differences in dynamic contrast enhancement of islet grafts were quantified after gadolinium injection at post-transplant days 3 and 14. Normalized contrast concentrations at day 14 in transplanted islets were increased relative with that on day 3. Time to peak contrast enhancement was faster by 12 min at day 14 compared to day 3 islets (while kidney and muscle peak times remained the same). Areas under the curve for contrast concentration versus time plots were larger in 14-day relative to 3-day islet grafts. In conclusion, noninvasive assessment of neovascularization is achievable. In vivo dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI can be used to detect and quantify changes in vascularization following islet transplantation. This technique may be useful in developing pro-angiogenic strategies to improve the transplantation outcome in experimental and clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are lymphoid or plasmacytic proliferations that develop in up to 10–15% of immunosuppressed recipients of solid organ transplantation (SOT), bone marrow and/or hematopoietic stem cell allograft. Its prevalence is expected to rise as transplant numbers increase. We performed a single-center retrospective study on the characteristics and outcomes of PTLD at our center in the rituximab era. Infants have been suggested to be a unique population of patients who develop PTLD later due to delayed Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and the presence of maternal antibodies. We found that when compared to older cohorts, infant recipients of SOT had a numerically longer time to PTLD diagnosis. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positivity has not been shown to impact survival of patients with PTLD, but we suggest that EBV viral load at time of diagnosis could be investigated further as a marker of survival in patients with EBV-positive PTLD. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are lymphoid or plasmacytic proliferations ranging from polyclonal reactive proliferations to overt lymphomas that develop as consequence of immunosuppression in recipients of solid organ transplantation (SOT) or allogeneic bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Immunosuppression and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection are known risk factors for PTLD. Patients with documented histopathologic diagnosis of primary PTLD at our institution between January 2000 and October 2019 were studied. Sixty-six patients with PTLD following SOT were followed for a median of 9.0 years. The overall median time from transplant to PTLD diagnosis was 5.5 years, with infant transplants showing the longest time to diagnosis at 12.0 years, compared to pediatric and adolescent transplants at 4.0 years and adult transplants at 4.5 years. The median overall survival (OS) was 19.0 years. In the monomorphic diffuse large B-cell (M-DLBCL-PTLD) subtype, median OS was 10.7 years, while median OS for polymorphic subtype was not yet reached. There was no significant difference in OS in patients with M-DLBCL-PTLD stratified by quantitative EBV viral load over and under 100,000 copies/mL at time of diagnosis, although there was a trend towards worse prognosis in those with higher copies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]