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Subordinate perceptions of supervisory initiation of structure and consideration were studied as a function of locus of control and Machiavellianism. Personality was found to be a major factor in predicting leader behavior as perceived by subordinates. Locus of control may be an important personality dimension influencing the leadership process in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven levels of management from five electric utility companies rated eight cases involving infraction of rules by hourly workers on a disciplinary action scale. Higher level managers rated the cases more severely and cases involving safety violations were judged most severely by all managers. Among several demographic and structural variables examined, only number of managerial levels was associated with company differences in ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a response to the article "Budget-Induced Pressure and Its Relationship to Supervisory Behavior," by Don DeCoster and John P. Fertakis that was published in Autumn 1968 issue of the "Journal of Accounting Research." The authors suggest that the results of DeCoster and Fertakis' study are in line with the findings of previous studies. DeCoster and Fertakis looked at the relationship between budget pressure and supervisor behavior, finding a correlation between budget pressure and the initiating structure and consideration aspects of leadership behavior.