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Copyright of Journal of Rural & Community Development is the property of Brandon University, Rural Development Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a comprehensive agenda that goals to transform the Indian education system to meet the challenges of the 21st century. It introduces several innovative approaches to enhance the quality and inclusivity of education. This research article explores the awareness of first year students in India regarding the NEP 2020. This research article investigates the awareness of students in India belonging undergraduate regarding the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP). The study aims to understand the level of awareness, perception, and engagement of students, who are the stakeholders in these respective groups with the NEP 2020. Primary data was collected by using a structured research instrument through Google forms & analysis was done through basic percentage analysis, bivariate U test keeping in mind the results of data normality along with Association and Reversion analysis. The findings provide insights into the awareness gaps and varying levels of engagement across the different educational levels, offering valuable implications for policymakers and educators to effectively implement the NEP 2020 reforms at each stage of education. This article presents the exact structure of NEP2020 for degree student, awareness about the NEP2020 in first year students and difficulties faced by students while accepting NEP2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diet high in sodium contributes to a significant proportion of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) due to cardiovascular diseases. This paper describes the awareness, behaviour and determinants related to dietary salt intake in an adult population of 18–69 years that were assessed as part of the National NCD Monitoring Survey (NNMS) in India. A sub-sample of 3000 adults selected through simple random sampling from 150 nationally representative Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) was included. Data regarding awareness and behaviour related to dietary salt intake were collected. Urinary sodium excretion in spot urine samples was estimated and used to calculate dietary salt intake. The dietary salt intake's sociodemographic, behavioural and metabolic determinants were also analysed. Less than one-third of the adults of both genders in all age groups in rural and urban areas were aware that daily high salt intake could affect health. The estimated mean daily salt intake was 8.0 g (8.9 g/day for men and 7.1 g/day for women). The salt intake was significantly higher in men [Adjusted OR = 17.66 (5.24–59.46)], rural areas [Adjusted OR = 6.14 (1.83–20.60)], overweight and obese respondents [Adjusted OR = 17.62 (3.17–98.07)]. The perception of the harmful effects of high salt intake and practices to limit salt intake was low in the study population. The mean daily salt intake was higher than the WHO recommendation of up to 5 g daily. The mean dietary salt intake is high in the Indian population, which calls for planning and implementing control of dietary salt consumption measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Street plays are a popular traditional medium of communication and entertainment in India. The objective of this paper is to communicate our experience about using street plays to raise awareness about children's eye health in a South Indian setting. Based on our experience of the prevailing misconceptions about children's eye health in our community, we selected some topics and prepared a blueprint of the scripts. We hired professional troupes who further refined these scripts into traditional street play scenarios by adding traditional songs, humor, and dialogues in the local dialect, leaving adequate room for improvisation during actual play. After a few rehearsals, we finalized the actual plays. Then, these were enacted in different parts of the city on different occasions, over a span of 3 years. In this descriptive paper, we share our experience of this exercise so that others may try and replicate this initiative in their areas. We found that the street plays were well attended by the people indicating the popularity of this medium in local communities. At the end of the street plays, a sample audience was interviewed about what they understood from the sessions, and most of them could reproduce the key messages. We found that instead of training our own staff, hiring a professional troupe was a more practical choice. Overall, it was a fruitful exercise in terms of the number of people that our plays reached out to effectively. Thus street play is an effective and popular means of disseminating eye health messages in our communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Silicosis has been one of the most serious occupational public health problems worldwide for many decades. The global burden of silicosis is largely unknown, although it is thought to be more prevalent in low and medium-income countries. Individual studies among workers exposed to silica dust in various industries, however, reveal a high prevalence of silicosis in India. This paper is an updated review of the novel challenges and opportunities for silicosis prevention and control in India. Main body: The unregulated informal sector employs workers on contractual appointment thereby insulating the employers from legislative provisions. Due to a lack of awareness of the serious health risks and low-income levels, symptomatic workers tend to disregard the symptoms and continue working in dusty environments. To prevent any future dust exposure, the workers must be moved to an alternative job in the same factory where they will not be exposed to silica dust. Government regulatory bodies, on the other hand, must guarantee that factory owners relocate workers to another vocation as soon as they exhibit signs of silicosis. Technological advances such as artificial intelligence and machine learning might assist industries in implementing effective and cost-saving dust control measures. A surveillance system needs to be established for the early detection and tracking of all patients with silicosis. A pneumoconiosis elimination program encompassing health promotion, personal protection, diagnostic criteria, preventive measures, symptomatic management, prevention of silica dust exposure, treatment, and rehabilitation is felt important for wider adoption. Conclusion: Silica dust exposure and its consequences are fully preventable, with the benefits of prevention considerably outweighing the benefits of treating patients with silicosis. A comprehensive national health program on silicosis within the public health system would strengthen surveillance, notification, and management of workers exposed to silica dust in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether investor's awareness, risk perception, and prior investment experience have any effect on the equity investment. The study is based on primary data collected using multistage random sampling method. We apply binomial logistic regression for analysis and observe that both awareness and past experience influence equity investments. We, however, also observe that risk perception plays no role in equity investments. We propose that appropriate policy measures can enhance the awareness level and experience of the investors regarding equity investment. To increase the individual investors' participation in the equity market, in the context of India, we propose that regulators and policy makers focus on making people experienced in this field. Government should nudge individuals by incentivizing equity market investment to increase market participation. Employers can also impart investment education to the employees to make them aware about equity investment and consequently increase equity investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has a large population of women in the reproductive age group of 10-50 years. Since menstruation is linked with the child-bearing capability of women, maintaining proper menstrual hygiene-practices is of vital importance. This research paper has explored the menstrual-related hygiene practices of women in the lower-income bracket, with particular reference to the usage of disposable sanitary napkins during menstruation in the Indian context. The study uses Smart PLS to analyze inter-linkages among educational awareness, healthcare facilities, and usage of sanitary napkins. Both the variables were found to have a significant impact on the usage of sanitary products during menstruation. The findings of this study suggest that improved educational awareness and better healthcare facilities can enhance the usage of sanitary napkins. It will pave the way for policy guidelines needed to improve the health conditions of women in lower segments of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the awareness and usage of Academic Social Networking Sites (ASNS) among female research scholars and faculty members in Tamil Nadu, India. A structured questionnaire was used to survey 838 female research scholars through online platforms. The results showed that most respondents use at least one ASNS, with Google Scholar being the most popular. The primary reasons for using ASNS are to disseminate scholarly work and discover research papers. However, a lack of awareness and time was the main reason for not having an account with these sites. The respondents learned about ASNS primarily through friends and colleagues and suggested increasing their use and awareness through seminars and training courses, library posters, and integration in the student courses. The study highlights the importance of ASNS in the research work of female scholars and faculties while also recognizing the need for increased awareness and access to these resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research study by Udayan Care (Beyond 18: Leaving Child Care Institutions- Supporting Youth Leaving Care, A Study of Aftercare Practices, 2019), in India, reveals that even though, as per the Juvenile laws of India, 'care-experienced' youth (care leavers) are mandated to receive aftercare services to age 21, and in certain cases to 23, the state of affairs for this section of disadvantaged youth needs to evolve. The study is based on a mixed method approach which uses a descriptive design to collect data from 435 care leavers and 84 key informants from five states of India. This paper investigates the emotional difficulties these young adults face when reaching 18 years of age, as they need to leave their care-settings without many options or support. It also highlights the factors causing emotional distress due to gaps in policies, systems and practices in Indian juvenile laws and practice. The focus of policies and stakeholders needs to be directed towards providing reasonable support for the emotional wellbeing of care leavers along with other domains essential for aftercare, including housing, physical health, independent living skills, education and vocational skills, social support and interpersonal skills, financial independence and career, emotional wellbeing, identity, and legal awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is discusses about the awareness of Awareness on an open Educational Resource among the library professionals in India. Due to the pandemic situation, online questionnaires in the Google form were used to collect the data from the library professionals who are working in higher educational institutions in India. The impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic situation, totally 270 responses were only received. It resulted that the among 270 professionals, 41.11% are mentioned 'Quality and Reliability of Information' which includes 35.19% of them 'College Librarian', 4.44%> of them 'University Assistant Librarian' and 1.48% of them 'University Librarian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper explores the use of Open Educational Resources among the research scholars of Kurukshetra University. For the purpose random sampling method was used to collect data from research scholars. A total of 185 questionnaires were distributed out of which 150 (81.08%) filled questionnaires were received from the users. The responses were analyzed in tabular form to know the objectives of the study. The study reveals that most of the research scholars are familiar with Online Education Resources. Researchers also face difficulties in customizing Online Education Resources according to their needs. The findings and recommendations based on analysis are given at the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-Pharmacy is one of the essential services that can bring out transparency and ease of buying medicines to the customers. Though the application of internet in the areas of healthcare is intensifying and the online pharmacies serve a good cause, it has not been used as extensively in India. In this study we have focused in detail about the reasons why online pharmacy is not used - from a sample size of 100 respondents and have found that it was because of the high risk of misuse of drugs especially where there are no governing online pharmacy laws, lack of awareness and poor logistics, we have also analysed the other challenges that are faced by the society while using the existing e-pharm apps. Based on our constructs from the inferential and descriptive analysis, which was validated with a sample size of 100, we have put forth a set of suggestions that can make significant improvements in the e-pharmacy sectors and boost its usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, tuberculosis (TB) notification has been required since 2012. Notwithstanding, notification rates remain low. Nonreporting of tuberculosis cases not only results in an underestimation of cases, but also impedes the country's TB control strategy. Our research aims to assess practitioners' awareness, perception, and practice of tuberculosis case notification, as these factors can help reduce the TB burden. A cross-sectional study of 142 physicians was conducted between August 2018 and December 2019. Doctors were interviewed and given evaluation forms. Seventyseven percent of the 142 physicians polled worked in medicinerelated specialties, while 33% worked in surgery. Public sector physicians (64.7%) knew more about the Nikshay App than private practitioners (40.8%). Most public-sector doctors notified through their hospital's National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) centre. The majority of private practitioners (47.8%) notified cases directly through the hospital, the local District Tuberculosis Officer (DTO) or NTEP medical officer (24 percent), or the Nikshay portal (28%), whereas the majority of public sector doctors notified only through the hospital NTEP centre (85.9%). The primary reasons for non-notification are the high patient load on doctors, a lack of understanding about Nikshay App and its functioning, technological difficulties in using the Nikshay App, and the stigma associated with tuberculosis. The Nikshay App must be popularized as a notification mechanism through the NTEP program. To increase notification rates, practitioners must overcome the challenges they face. In terms of notification, more seminars and training, particularly hands-on training, should be held on a regular basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer awareness is the key to early detection and better health-seeking behaviour. Cancer is quite common in both developing as well as developed countries, but awareness is yet poor among the general population. Poor awareness may lead to poor uptake of screening modalities and delay in diagnosis. One factor that has been consistently shown to be associated with late diagnosis and treatment is a delay in seeking help for cancer-like symptoms. This paper reviews the literature on cancer awareness among the general population and attitude towards screening modalities. The poor awareness level among the Indian population shows the need for health education and sensitisation regarding cancer and its different aspects. This will be helpful in the successful implementation of health programmes related to cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plagiarism is polluting the academic and research environment globally. The digitization of contents or every type of information available and accessible through Internet is the main cause for plagiarism. Even some famous faces are facing the allegations of plagiarism worldwide. In this paper, it is tried to explore the awareness about the plagiarism, copyright and fare use among the doctoral research students of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar. To examine the awareness and views about the plagiarism among the doctoral research students, a survey is conducted with the help of structured questionnaire in the month of November 2018, which revealed some interesting facts. Results revealed that 53.43% of the respondents were fully aware about the plagiarism, however, lack of good writing skills (71.23%) and language problem (64.38%) were the two major reasons for doing plagiarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create awareness of contributions made by just-in-time manufacturing (JIT) practice towards building performance measures in Indian manufacturing industry. Implications of JIT implementation issues in Indian manufacturing industry have been critically evaluated in this paper. Design/methodology/approach – While conducting this study, survey of reasonable number of manufacturing organisations have been made so as to ascertain contributions made by JIT initiatives in the Indian manufacturing industries for achieving major performance measures. The correlations between various JIT implementation dimensions and performance parameters have been worked out by employing various statistical tools and bringing out significant factors contributing effectively towards achieving manufacturing performance measures. Findings – The study divulges that attitude of management, participation of workers, relationship of organisation with suppliers and customers, adoption of latest manufacturing methods and successful adaptation of effective JIT initiatives can significantly contribute towards enhancing performance measures in the organisation. The study also reveals that the holistic JIT manufacturing methods outscore the traditional manufacturing practices towards improving the manufacturing performance. The study highlights that detailed JIT implementation over a reasonable period can greatly contribute towards achievement in performance of organisation. Originality/value – The present study analyses the impact of JIT manufacturing method on performance of organisation and highlights the need for aligning organisational efforts in establishing manufacturing methods for attaining improvements in performance of manufacturing organisations. The paper highlighted the status of JIT manufacturing initiatives in the Indian context and the preparedness of Indian manufacturing industry to meet the challenges imposed by the Western world by employing aggressive JIT manufacturing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of international students face serious psychological and cultural adjustment issues while studying abroad. These may include challenges of living in a foreign culture, emotional issues, as well as academic problems associated with higher studies. The results of a questionnaire survey conducted with 45 African international students in five disciplines in an Indian University, pursuing their bachelor, master and doctoral programmes, have been reported. Thepaperexamined the predicting effects of the dimensions of intercultural competence-'knowledge', 'attitude', 'skills' and 'awareness' on academic adaptation of African international students in India. The findings showed that attitude was particularly important and awareness was additionally important for academic adaptation of African international students. Implications for institutions and faculties of the host country, international students and future research were also considered in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investors invest in several financial products which give them returns in order to meet future contingencies. Financial products are helpful in providing financial security to the individual especially when the awareness about the risk return profile of the investment is known in advance. However most of the investors are generally left unaware when talk about the knowledge of their investment. Investment preferences of an individual vary from individual to individual based on one's risk taking capacity, knowledge, profile, income. Investment behaviour of an investor is dependent upon many sets of circumstances. With a hope of getting high returns over a period of time via investment, an individual always tries to invest in different financial products based on his knowledge. The research focuses on the preferences of salaried employees which they give while investing. This research has considered 150 salaried employees across Nagpur cities including government and non-government employees catering to different region and work profile. The research concluded that gender, income and nature of employment have been the pivotal factors responsible for influencing the investors' behaviour and preferences regarding various securities offered within the market. Also due to the low financial literacy level, investors invest their money in traditional investment and they are not able to get the advantages of other modes of investment which may give them higher returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Despite significant progress in the field of nuclear medicine, basic nuclear medicine awareness and understanding among clinicians remains unsatisfactory, leading to under utilization of nuclear medicine modalities. To evaluate the awareness and knowledge regarding nuclear medicine and appropriate use of Nuclear medicine modalities, among medical students and faculty members. Method: In this descriptive cross sectional study, a self timer limited objective questionnaire based on Google forms was distributed to the study population and scores obtained by the participants were analyzed. Results: Percent scores range for intern, residency trainees, and senior resident/faculty groups for general awareness were 16-46%, 37-58% and 62-91% and for knowledge and appropriate use were 7-21%, 28-43%, and 35-85% respectively. Overall, 61% of the participants had poor awareness and knowledge regarding nuclear medicine modalities. None of the participants had received nuclear medicine exposure or education during their academics or training. Only 49% of the participants considered utilizing nuclear medicine modalities for their patient management. Conclusion: Undergraduate interns and residency trainees had a poor to fair level of awareness and knowledge regarding nuclear medicine. Hence creating more awareness in early stages of their career by incorporating Nuclear medicine basic education in medical undergraduate curriculum is required. The senior residents/faculty members had a moderate to good level of awareness and knowledge but still improvement in their knowledge would lead to a more appropriate and better utilization of nuclear medicine modalities for optimum patient management in a variety of clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industry / Industrija is the property of Economics Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: End-of-life care (EOLC) is an increasingly important concern in the management of terminally ill patients. Effective EOLC depends significantly on the physicians working in the critical care units. Thus, adequate knowledge of critical care professionals regarding EOLC is important. We conducted this study to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of doctors working in critical care units toward EOLC. Materials and methods: Doctors working in critical care units were invited to fill paper-based questionnaire. The validated questionnaire was constructed based on the existing literature on EOLC and expert opinion. The questionnaire comprised four sections: demographic details, experience with EOLC situations, general awareness of EOLC, and specific awareness of EOLC in clinical practice. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. Results: Most respondents had not counseled more than five families regarding EOLC over 1 month. Majority of the respondents (81.7%) had heard of EOLC; the major source of information being their work in the concerned specialty. Only 29.2% of the respondents applied EOLC principles in their clinical practice. Main barriers were lack of information and training. Only 20.3% of the respondents were aware of Indian guidelines about EOLC. Majority of the respondents disagree regarding the usage of critical care units and resuscitation of terminally ill patients and were in favor of home care. One-third respondents felt uncomfortable in discussing EOLC issues with the families. Half of the respondents felt that they were only somewhat competent in managing EOLC issues. Most respondents opined that training and education in medical curriculum for terminally ill patients are lacking and were in strong favor of inclusion of specific training for the same. Conclusion: The EOLC needs to be an integral part of critical care management and teaching curriculum. An integral referral system may also be an option for various advance disease patients getting treatment from critical care specialists for EOLC decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health conditions are common during pregnancy and the first year after childbirth. Early detection allows timely support and treatment to be offered, but identifying perinatal mental health conditions may be challenging due to stigma and under-recognition of symptoms. Asking about symptoms of mental health conditions during routine antenatal and postnatal appointments can help to identify women at risk. This study explores women's awareness of perinatal mental health conditions, their views on the acceptability of being asked about mental health and any preference for specific assessment tools in two regions in India. Methods: Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with pregnant, post-partum and non-perinatal women in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh (northern India) and Bengaluru, Karnataka (southern India). Settings included a hospital antenatal clinic and obstetric ward, Anganwadi Centres and Primary Health Centres. FGDs were facilitated, audio-recorded and transcribed. Narratives were coded for emerging themes and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Seven FGDs including 36 participants were conducted. Emerging themes were: manifestations of and contributors to mental health conditions; challenges in talking about mental health; and the acceptability of being asked about mental health. Difficult familial relationships, prioritising the needs of others and pressure to have a male infant were cited as key stressors. Being asked about mental health was generally reported to be acceptable, though some women felt uncomfortable with questions about suicidality. No preference for any specific assessment tool was reported. Conclusions: Women face many stressors during the perinatal period including difficult familial relationships and societal pressure to bear a male infant. Being asked about mental health was generally considered to be acceptable, but questions relating to suicidality may be challenging in a community setting, requiring sensitivity by the interviewer. Future studies should assess the acceptability of mental health assessments in 'real world' antenatal and postnatal clinics and explore ways of overcoming the associated challenges in resource-constrained settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Medical expertise combined with availability of patients with varied diseases have resulted in rapid increase in number of clinical trials (CTs) recruiting millions of patients in India. Yet, few researchers have tried to understand if the public in India is aware of CTs. Aims: To explore the awareness, perceptions of and attitude towards participating in CTs among general public in Pune. Materials and Methods: Focus group discussions (FGDs) and interviews were conducted by contacting people in the community of various age groups and socio economic status with 7 Trial participants (TPs) and 17 Non Trial Participants (NTPs). The survey tool consisted of open-ended questions that assessed the awareness and attitudes of the individuals regarding the CTs. Interview were recorded on paper and translated from (Marathi) local language to English for analysis. Qualitative analysis was used to report the findings. Results: Most participants could associate CTs with medicine or development of new medicine; however they did not have a good understanding of the manner and safeguards with which CTs are conducted. Participants were not aware about different types of CTs and phases of the CTs. CTs were felt to be of benefit to the community and advancement of science. However, due to fear of adverse effects, 80% of the respondents were not ready to participate in the CTs. Conclusions: The Indian Pharmaceutical company is the world's 3rd largest by volume as per Dr. Shivathanu Pillai's report 17th March 2010, in spite of that it has been noticed that the awareness about CTs is very low; therefore there is a need to create awareness about CTs which helps the participants to participate in CTs based on their own decision. These FGD findings require validation in a lar ger sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There has been a growth of 25% in the health insurance business in India during the last few years with the expansion of the private health insurance sector. The share of the private health insurance companies has increased considerably, despite the fact that from the patients' point of view, health insurance is not a good deal. Aim: To provide information and assess the current status of private sector insurance with regard to out-patient coverage in India. Materials and Methods: The present review was conducted after doing extensive literature search of peer review journals in Pubmed and various search engines like Google. Data of Indian private health insurance companies was also utilized. No limitation in terms of publication date and language was considered. The main focus of the present review would be on the private health insurance sector with a spotlight on the out-patient coverage and various obstacles faced by the private health insurance sector. Results: Out-patient (OPD) coverage is one of the important emerging trends in the private sector health insurance. OPD cover assists the insured to claim expenses other than that incurred during hospitalization. However, it is still not a full-fledged offering under health insurance and major insurance companies are providing this cover for an additional premium. Conclusion: Private is strongly being advocated and receiving growing consideration by our country's policy makers that can deal with alarming health care challenges in India. However, it is not the only option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dentistry is a resource-intensive discipline of healthcare that has a notable impact on the environment. Sustainability should be the major consideration for healthcare service providers to support climate change policies. Green dentistry is an efficient strategy for practicing eco-friendly dentistry. This study was conducted to assess the awareness, knowledge, and barriers to practicing green dentistry among dental practitioners and dental students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical online questionnaire survey with 22 questions was carried out. Results: 51.8% of participants were not aware of the concept of green dentistry. Practitioners of the age group 20-30 years are more willing to transform their dental practice into green practice to reduce the carbon footprint of their clinic (P < 0.05). Chi-square data analysis shows that dental practitioners treating more than 20 patients in a week have a better awareness of the concept of green dentistry (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, dental professionals in the younger age group are eager to transform their dental practices to green practices to lessen their clinics' carbon footprints. Financial constraints limit the implementation of green dentistry into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder among women between the ages of 18 and 44 years. The signs and symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome include menstrual irregularities, excess body and facial hair, acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant, and patches of thicker, darker, velvety skin. The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of information, education, and communication on awareness regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among undergraduates. Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental approach was adopted and the research design used was a one-group pre-test-post-test design. The study was conducted at a selected nursing college in South Kerala. A total of 104 samples were selected by total enumerative sampling. The socio-demographic variables were gathered by selfreporting. The awareness was assessed by a structured questionnaire. The sample was provided with an education session using video and leaflets, and the post-test was conducted 45 days after the pretest. Results: The pretest mean + SD score of awareness was 12.91 + 3.16, the posttest mean score was 14.79 + 2.74. The mean difference was statistically highly significant (p 0.001). It showed there was a significant difference in awareness among undergraduates after the implementation of Information, Education and Communication. Conclusions: Information, education and communication had a significant effect in improving the awareness regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among undergraduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cancer is characterized by the unusual growth of cells in the cervix. It accounts for about 25% of deaths in India; due to lack of knowledge, poor practice, and a negative attitude, diagnosis tends to arise at later stages of the disease. The main objective of our study was to evaluate cervical cancer knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and to assess the relationship between educational status with knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer. Method: An online survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Indian women using a self-generated questionnaire for a period of six months. Cervical cancer awareness measure (C-CAM) was used to assess the knowledge. We recruited a total of 660 women aged 18 years and above. Results: The majority of the participants had poor knowledge, strong positive attitudes, and poor practice. Among them, only 86 women were found to be vaccinated for HPV. A statistically significant association was found between the level of KAP of cervical cancer (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between KAP of cervical cancer. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the level of awareness regarding the screening techniques and preventive measures for cervical cancer is very low. Educational status had a significant association with KAP of cervical cancer. Hence, these outcomes suggest the need for more effective awareness-boosting programmes about cervical cancer screening. Promotion of free regular health check-ups and vaccination for cervical cancer among the general population will increase the awareness while decreasing the disease burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring is widely known, it is not practised in underdeveloped nations due to a lack of awareness and the absence of a central coordinating agency. The recent implementation of the National Pharmacovigilance Program has encouraged ADR monitoring in some centres. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sternness of described ADRs, the additional financial cost associated with ADRs, and the present load of ADRs at the RDT hospital in Battalapalli, AP, India. Materials and Methods: Over 26 months of hospital admissions of patients, which were managed by hospital staff, a prospective, spontaneous reporting research was carried out. Results: 37 of the 74 adverse drug events (ADEs) that were reported by 56 individuals were indeed ADRs. There were 521 patients admitted, and 9.7% of those ADRs occurred during hospitalisation. Males (56%) had ADRs more often than females (44%). During the hospital stay, no discernible difference between males and females was seen. ADR rates were 19, 20, and 61% for paediatric, geriatric, and adult patients. There were 88 minor responses or 53.7% of the total. The majority of patients (72.6%) recovered from the incident. The majority of the responses show that they were unexpected and possibly avoidable. Conclusion: According to the study's findings, 90% of ADRs might be prevented, saving the health system money and decreasing patient expenditures. To prevent unknown and severe ADRs, new medications should be continuously monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature suggests that a first barrier towards accessing benefits of health insurance in low- and middle-income countries is lack of awareness of one's benefits. Yet, across settings and emerging schemes, limited scientific evidence is available on levels of awareness and their determinants. To fill this gap, we assessed socio-demographic and economic determinants of beneficiaries' awareness of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), the national health insurance scheme launched in India in 2018, and their awareness of own eligibility. We relied on cross-sectional household (HH) survey data collected in six Indian states between 2019 and 2020. Representative data of HHs eligible for PM-JAY from 11 618 respondents (an adult representative from each surveyed HH) were used. We used descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models to explore the association between awareness of PM-JAY and of one's own eligibility and socio-economic and demographic characteristics. About 62% of respondents were aware of PM-JAY, and among the aware, 78% knew that they were eligible for the scheme. Regression analysis confirmed that older respondents with a higher educational level and salaried jobs were more likely to know about PM-JAY. Awareness was lower among respondents from Meghalaya and Tamil Nadu. Respondents from Other Backward Classes, of wealthier socio-economic status or from Meghalaya or Gujarat were more likely to be aware of their eligibility status. Respondents from Chhattisgarh were less likely to know about their eligibility. Our study confirms that while more than half of the eligible population was aware of PM-JAY, considerable efforts are needed to achieve universal awareness. Socio-economic gradients confirm that the more marginalized are still less aware. We recommend implementing tailored, state-specific information dissemination approaches focusing on knowledge of specific scheme features to empower beneficiaries to demand their entitled services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have recently emerged as a public health threat globally. Despite the low proportion of e-cigarette users (1.22%) reported in the Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2, the Government of India enacted the Prohibition of E-cigarettes Act 2019 (PECA), prohibiting all forms of ENDS/ENNDS. The current analysis presents nationally representative findings on the level of awareness of e-cigarettes in India and its correlates and characteristics of those aware of e-cigarettes. METHODS The current secondary analysis from GATS-2 among adults aged =15 years from all states and Union Territories of India used a standard protocol for data collection and management. A multi-stage cluster sampling design was used. The respondents who were aware of e-cigarettes were included (n=2524). Binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted, and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CI, were calculated to measure the associations between independent and dependent variables. RESULTS Only 3.4% of the respondents were aware (either heard or seen) of e-cigarettes and their awareness was found significantly higher among males (AOR=2.07; 95% CI: 1.90-2.24), urban population (AOR=2.83; 95% CI: 2.61-3.07), and higher education (AOR=0.41; 95% CI: 0.38-0.45). CONCLUSIONS Public awareness campaigns about the harms of e-cigarettes and the law (PECA) need to be rolled out in urban and rural areas. Capacity-building exercises of implementers and enforcers at the grassroots level could also support communicating the harms to hard-to-reach groups. Further, regular compliance monitoring of the legislation and prosecution of violators would facilitate its effective implementation at the national and sub-national levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Glaucoma is most common cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Hence, awareness about the disease, importance of drugs effect and its side-effects and accurate method of eye drop instillation is very crucial. Aim: To assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) at the medication, doctor and patient level in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional, descriptive, questionnaire based study conducted at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, for duration of two years from July 2020 to June 2022. It included 290 patients diagnosed with glaucoma. They were asked to demonstrate method of instillation of eye drop to assess correct method and to cover a few aspects of questionnaire regarding medication instillation. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. The p-value was determined for questions in the questionnaire using Chi-square test. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. results: About 88 (30.34%) patients were educated about the nature and progression of glaucoma. Punctal occlusion was explained to 40 (13.79%) patients and assisted instillation to 25 (8.62%) patients. Approximately 62 (70.45%) patients were educated about their disease. About 244 (84.14%) patients noticed that their ophthalmologist clinic had a television in Outpatient Department (OPD). Family screening was advised in only 67 (23.1%) of the patients. Only 53 (18.28%) patients were emphasised on strict control of associated systemic illness. conclusion: Proper patient education about glaucoma and treatment by healthcare provider plays a crucial role. Most of the patients were not educated about method of instillation of drops. Correct instillation of drops was crucial to achieve target Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP), minimising side-effects and reducing the cost of treatment. Family screening and control of associated systemic conditions were often missed by majority of ophthalmologists however, it is important to keep in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study intended to examine the impact of an activity-based intervention on the attitude and awareness of adolescents towards sustainability and its dimensions using a quasi-experimental research design. A cluster sample of 99 participants, experimental and control groups comprising of 50 and 49 school students, was selected for the present study. The investigators constructed and standardized an activity-based module for conducting the intervention, awareness test and attitude scale for sustainability. The module was used to teach the treatment group regarding concepts related to sustainability. However, the lecture method was used to teach the control group. Both groups were taught for a duration of four weeks. The results of the analysis of covariance revealed a positive and significant impact of the activity-based module for sustainable development on the awareness and attitude of school students towards sustainability and its dimensions. Implications of these results are discussed with regard to curricular and pedagogical concerns at the school level in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infertility is an emergent issue in India. Until recently, very few studies have understood the patterns and consequences of infertility in India. Family planning programs in India also viewed exclusively the patterns and determinants of overfertility rather than infertility. Furthermore, there is the lack of information about treatment seeking behavior of infertile couples. Therefore, this paper aimed to examine the extent of infertility and treatment seeking behavior among infertile women in India. An attempt was also made to evaluate the effects of socio-demographic factors on treatment seeking behavior. Methods: The study used the data from the District Level Household and Facility Survey carried out in India during 2007-08. Several statistical techniques such as chi-square test, proportional hazard model and binary logistic regression model were used for the analysis. Results: Approximately, 8% of currently married women suffered from infertility in India and most of them were secondary infertile (5.8%). Within India, women's infertility rate was the highest in west Bengal (13.9 percent) and the lowest in Meghalaya (2.5 percent). About 80% of infertile women sought treatment but a substantial proportion (33%) received non-allopathic and traditional treatment due to expensive modern treatment and lack of awareness. Conclusion: In the context of policy response, it can be said that there is a need to improve the existing services and quality of care for infertile women. Treatment for infertility should be integrated into the larger reproductive health packages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric visits to children's hospitals are mostly outpatient and emergency room (ER) based. In busy outpatient departments (OPD) and ERs, children are reviewed quickly, and instructions are given to parents for management at home. Communication from physicians to the parents of the child may be deficient and incomplete, due to the high workload and other priority tasks. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of simple color-coded information stickers for the OPD/ER file of the child for parents to recognize danger signs in their child to seek help early again if required. Subjects and Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted on 1036 children in the age group of 1 month–18 years at a tertiary care hospital in Telangana state of India, for 1 year from January 2018 to January 2019. Results: Fifty-three of the patients were male, and the majority of them were in the 1–5-year age group. The perceived utility of the stickers was 85.3% in the affirmative. Only 14.7% felt they were not useful. Reasons for revisits to the ER/OPD were fever (33%), respiratory causes (37.7%), gastroenteritis causes (18%), head injury (9%), and epistaxis (1.5%). Conclusions: A simple color-coded sticker system used in busy OPDs and ERs in children's hospitals might prove to be a low-cost-effective communication tool for parents to utilize to recognize danger signs and report back for care when necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preventive measures are the best cure for any disease as they reduce the infection rate. Preventive measures are affected by knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the awareness, perceived risk, and protective behavior toward COVID-19 among undergraduate students of the Delhi and National Capital Region, India. An online questionnaire-based random survey was conducted amongst 605 undergraduate students to assess the demographic characteristics of participants, their level of awareness, perceived risk, and protective behavior regarding COVID-19. The overall awareness, perceived risk, and protective behavior for COVID-19 were found high in undergraduate students (0.000***,0.000***,0.000***). When variable (Gender, area of living, and subject studies) based analysis was performed among participants, a non-statistical significance difference was observed in total awareness among them (p>0.05) towards COVID-19 (p=0.996, 0.121, 0.937). Whereas Female, urban, and science participants were found to perceive the risk for COVID-19 more accurately in comparison to male, rural and non-science participants in total perceive risk analysis (p= 0.016**, 0.035**, 0.036**). However, urban participants showed more Total protective behavior as compared to the rural participants (p=0.048**) and there was no statistical significance difference in protective behavior in terms of Male/Female and Science/non-science participants (p=0.189, 0.100). These findings will contribute to the continued regional/global efforts to better understand preventive crisis response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study emphasizes the need for conducting periodic webinars for educational intervention for all college students which could be useful to create more awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: In India, the use of social security schemes by the rural population has not been evaluated with much consideration. The awareness of these social security programs plays a vital role in their use. Aims: This research was conducted to evaluate the awareness among the rural population regarding government-initiated social security schemes and to provide recommendations based on the results of the study. Settings and Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural health care center. Methods and Material: A sample of 250 individuals in the rural health care center of a dental college was subjected to a questionnaire regarding the awareness of the government-launched social security schemes—Sukanya Samridhi Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana, Atal Pension Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana, Ayushman Bharat Yojana, and Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana. Statistical Analysis Used: The study data were analyzed by Epi InfoTM 7 software package. Descriptive statistics were assessed and differences between the two groups were compared using the Chi-square test and the P value of < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: In the present study, 212 rural people were aware of any one of the recently initiated social security schemes, and the awareness level of these social security schemes was higher in those with age more than 30 years, males, literates, and classes 3 and 4 economic groups of population. Conclusions: The rural population's knowledge of the government's social security schemes is strong, and it is affected by people's age, gender, literacy level, and socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the level of awareness of cataract and glaucoma and identify the determinants of awareness in two rural districts of Telangana, India.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the rapid assessment of visual impairment (RAVI) methodology in Khammam and Warangal districts. A validated questionnaire was administered to participants aged 40 years and above to assess the level of awareness of cataract and glaucoma.Results: The awareness questionnaire was administered to 3273 participants of whom 1433 (43.8%) were men, 1985 (60.6%) of them had no education, and 1645 (50.3%) were from Khammam district. In total, 2539/3273 (77.6%; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 76.1- 79.0%) participants reported awareness of cataract. Awareness of cataract was higher in Khammam compared to that in Warangal (84.4% versus 70.6%; P < 0.01). Only 41/3273 (1.25%, 95% CI: 0.90-1.69%) participants were aware of glaucoma. Awareness of glaucoma was also higher in Khammam (1.88% versus 0.61%; P < 0.01). Younger age groups, men, any level of education, and residing in Khammam were factors associated with awareness of cataract. Only having any level of education and residing in Khammam were associated with awareness of glaucoma.Conclusion: Awareness of cataract was high, but awareness of glaucoma was very poor. There is a need to spread awareness about these potentially blinding conditions. Moving forward, this can be a critical step in developing a preventive eye care strategy to achieve universal eye health in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of secondary and tertiary sectors in the peri-urban villages results in development strain and causes demographic, socio-economic, and spatial transformations. Deficiency in provisioning of basic services is one of the prime concerns for these villages. This study aims to examine the present conditions and the community's attitude towards waste management, and whether the self-help groups (SHGs) can aid in developing a sense of collective responsibility. Five villages from the Bhiwandi Surrounding Notified Area in Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India, were selected for a case study investigation of the current situation of service provisioning by the rural local bodies. Questionnaire surveys were conducted for 122 households and the heads of all SHGs in the villages simultaneously. Due to the limited household surveys, the data were triangulated with documents and interviews with officials. The results were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed to understand people's perception of the SHGs and the major factors through which the groups contribute in improving livelihoods and living conditions. The SHGs also play a significant role in developing awareness of issues and social integration in the rapidly evolving structure of these peri-urban communities, as is highlighted in the case studies. The relations between SHG participation and literacy levels on the attitude towards local involvement in solid waste management for the villages were analysed. The resulting significant correlations point towards the consideration of these factors while planning for a development model for peri-urban villages. Policy-level support to the SHGs can help in fostering local partnerships and community initiatives towards better service delivery in the villages. This kind of social empowerment forms the basis for social sustainability, which in turn promotes economic and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burden of hyperuricaemia has been steadily increasing both globally and in India. The increasing number of hyperuricaemiaassociated co-morbidities, such as Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD), and hypertension, implies that hyperuricaemia is associated with an increased risk of other chronic conditions or diseases. Despite the availability of several guidelines on hyperuricaemia, recommendations for appropriate titration of Urate Lowering Therapy (ULT) to achieve and maintain appropriate serum Uric Acid (sUA) levels in the Indian context are unclear. Another important challenge is the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia with ULT. This review summarises evidence-based discussion and review of literature by expert panellists on hyperuricaemia management with ULT, particularly with Xanthine Oxidase (XO) inhibitors. Based on the discussion, the experts developed a dose-titration algorithm for initiation and long-term management of hyperuricaemia with ULT, comprising febuxostat. The review also highlights some of the current challenges in hyperuricaemia management, which when addressed would benefit primary care physicians across the country for early screening and timely management of hyperuricaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments in many developing countries offer social welfare schemes that few take up or even know of. We undertake a randomized controlled evaluation of agents trained in the facilitation of 16 government social welfare schemes in south India. The agents were incentivized to seek out eligible households, provide them with information about the schemes, and help them apply. We find that the agents increase scheme awareness but not application submission or scheme obtention. Among members of government-sponsored community groups, agents have no effect. Scheme-specific analysis suggests that the program may have had an impact on two schemes that were relatively new, subject to special focus under the program, and administered by the implementing department. Despite a modest effect on awareness, the intervention led to a significant increase in satisfaction with government services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ensure greater and more effective access to information the government resolved that Freedom of information Act 2002 enacted by the parliament needs be mode more progressive, participatory and meaningful. The important changes proposed to be incorporated nitro alia include establishment of appellate machinery with investigating powers to review decisions of the public information officers. Penal provisions for failure t provide information as per law. In view of significant changes proposed in the existing Act 2002. The proposed legislation will provide an effective framework for effectuating the right of information recognized under article 19 of the constitution of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to find out the perception of plastic pollution and its relationship between the dimensions viz awareness, management and disposal of secondary level teacher trainees. Environmental issues are the major threats for many consequences happening now a day. Plastic pollution become one the most important environmental issues in today's polluted world. In this study, normative survey method was adopted. The sample consists of 1774 B. Ed, teacher trainees from Tamilnadu, India. The findings obtained from the research shows that gender made any significant difference among the B. Ed, teacher trainees. There was a significant difference obtained from the trainee teachers who were studying environmental as a subject, being a member of ecoclub and studying science as a stream of study. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that introducing environmental education as a major subject and encourages the trainees to get participated in awareness programmes related to environmental issue which enable them to understand the environmental issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The Medical Council of India (MCI) was previously responsible for regulating medical education and practice in India. Over the years, the MCI faced several allegations in terms of corruption and lack of transparency. The NMC Act had thus replaced MCI with the National Medical Commission (NMC) in this context with the power for policy direction. These policies can affect Indian public health directly or indirectly. STUDY METHODS: This study is achieved by conducting an observational study by collecting primary data through online means. The study population is divided into three major categories: medical practitioners, lawyers, and the general population. Aspects from these various backgrounds about the awareness of the NMC Act are analyzed through this study. The Internet and World Wide Web which offer online articles will be used as tools for conducting this research with human resources and questionnaires using electric resources. RESULTS: The general awareness about the NMC Act among the respondents was found to be poor. Opinions on the Center-State relations for decision making in terms of health outcomes varied by profession, with the respondents acknowledging that each state performs differently. Regular inspections by third parties in Medical Colleges and exit tests under the NMC Act were seen as moves to ensure the provision of quality health care to the public by graduates from good institutions. The appointment of Community Health Providers in rural areas seemed favorable to most except for people from the medical background. Some medical professionals even argued the CHP practice seemed unethical towards their profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing evidence that climate change will strongly affect tea cultivation. It will be one of the challenging issues, particularly for the tea plantations of Assam, India. Based on a questionnaire survey carried out in four major tea-growing regions of Assam, viz., Upper Assam, South Bank, North Bank and Cachar, the study analyses tea growers' awareness of climate change, its impact on tea, adaptive approaches undertaken and future strategies. Majority of respondents were aware of climate change and its effect on tea production. Tea growers attributed prolong drought, excessive precipitation within a short period, temperature extremes, increase in insect and disease infestation, the emergence of new insect pest species, increased weed infestation and wind velocity as underlying effects of climate change. Results also specified that tea growers had a positive approach towards adaptive management strategies to mitigate climate change. Adaptive measures executed to combat climate change included rainwater harvesting, irrigation, afforestation, biodiversity conservation, soil mulching and creation of wind barriers. As future management strategies, tea growers have opted to gradually replace synthetic fertilisers with organic manures and pesticides, construct anti-erosion measures along riversides and embankments, generate awareness programs among the workers and other residents on conserving biodiversity, generate clean energy for tea production and cultivate climate tolerant/resistant cultivars. The present study will be helpful to make more informed future strategies regarding best practices for tea cultivation under a changing climate for tea-growing regions all over the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The development of a new chemical entity into a drug is of indispensable importance for the progression of health care. As physicians play the main and important part of any clinical trial, it is necessary to know about their awareness about clinical research, drug development, good clinical practices, and regulatory authorities. Objective: This study was designed to assess and compare the knowledge and awareness toward drug development process among medical interns, dental interns, and postgraduates (PGs). Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study enrolling 186 professionals of medical college and 110 professionals of dental college in Punjab who were given a prevalidated questionnaire that included 27 questions related to knowledge regarding drug development process. Data were analyzed for percentage correct responses, mean values, and intergroup comparison by applying t-test using SPSS version 20, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA. Results: It was found that medical and dental college professionals had a very poor awareness and knowledge about drug development process to the tune of 33%. Professionals of dental college had 53.7% knowledge of clinical research in comparison to 43.2% of medical college. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference for sections on drug development, clinical research, and regulatory authority among interns and PGs was found with interns possessing better knowledge. Conclusion: It is concluded that regulatory authorities such as Board of Studies of various medical universities, Dental Council of India, and Medical Council of India must take necessary steps to increase the knowledge of drug development process among dental and medical professionals. Incorporation of this topic in educational curriculum in the initial stages of graduation and postgraduation would be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, considered as the most active seismic zone of the Indian subcontinent, was hit by an earthquake of Mw 5.6 on January 3, 2017. The epicenter of this earthquake was Kanchanbari located in the Dhalai district of Tripura. The present study aims to assess the environmental and socio-economic impact of this earthquake in the vicinity of the epicenter. To assess and determine the level of damage, the affected areas were visited during the first week of the 2017 earthquake. Various Government offices were also consulted to acquire data on damages caused by the earthquake. Moreover, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (RS & GIS) techniques were applied to address the influence of this earthquake on bank erosion. During the field visit, the striking features of soil liquefaction generated by the earthquake were observed in the flood plain area of the Manu River. Landslide, with three casualties in India and the neighbor Bangladesh, and damages of infrastructure were also reported. Additionally, an assessment of the bank erosion study revealed that the rate of the post-earthquake bank erosion increased to 592%, compared to the pre-earthquake bank erosion within the study length of the Manu River. The findings highlighted that the impact of this earthquake is minimal. However, the seismotectonic features and observation of the liquefaction within the risk zone of the earthquake indicate a possible significant threat for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical companies consider India is above other countries worldwide as an alternative nation for clinical trials due to easily available sources and infrastructure. However, the developing Indian clinical trial industry has been negatively affected by noncompliance with regulations and by reports of unethical trials. Several studies on Indian clinical trial regulations have been conducted and various articles have been published, but only a few researchers evaluated awareness of investigators and members of the ethics committee about previously amended regulations. No study evaluated the knowledge of researchers on the new drugs and clinical trial rules issued in 2019 and also its impacts. Understanding the knowledge of Indian researchers on new drugs and clinical trial rules, including its effect is crucial to determine whether the trials are being conducted in compliance with the new rules and regulations. Thus, this review aimed to evaluate India's clinical trial regulatory changes based on the existing literature, Indian researcher's knowledge of the recent changes, and assessment of the impact of the new 2019 regulations, elaborating upon clinical trials in both the global and the Indian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a major and silent problem of public health concern. It causes higher economic losses with no initial visible changes in the appearance of milk or udder. Subclinically affected animals always remain a continuous source of infection. Most of the clinical mastitis (CM) cases start as subclinical; hence controlling SCM is the best way to reduce the incidence of diseases. A crosssectional study was carried out during 2018-19 in six districts from different agroclimatic zones of Punjab, India to describe awareness about various technologies and its adoption to diagnose SCM. The multistage random technique was used to select dairy farmers (n = 600). A personal interview technique with the pretested schedule was used to collect information after obtaining participation consent. Around 13% of respondents were aware of SCM diagnosis technologies and very few (6.67%) were implementing the same at their farms. Family size (Odds Ratio - OR 2.44), dairy income (OR 13.67), landholding (OR 2.13), herd size (OR 6.45) and extension contacts are likely to affect the probability of SCM diagnosis adoption. A significant difference (P < 0.01) was seen on overall CM incidence at farms level (38.33%), among which 10.00% was on technology adopter farms. Five percent of adopter farms had no incidence of disease. From 600 dairy farms, 3179 dairy animals were exposed and 378 were suffered from CM (12.05%). A significant difference (P < 0.01) was found for incidence rate, number of animals affected and exposed to CM among three categories of farms such as 1) technology adopters with no incidence (n = 17), 2) technology adopters with incidence (n = 23), and 3) technology nonadopters with incidence (n = 207). The study confirmed the potential and direct role of SCM diagnosis on reducing CM incidence, however poor awareness coupled with financial status may be the reason limiting adoption, which can be accelerated through comprehensive extension approach for producing clean milk to society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy poverty cycle remains a twofold barrier as part of energy transitions. Nations must support the provision of affordable and reliable power and concurrently address nationally agreed carbon reduction targets. Decentralised solar photovoltaic (PV) is a viable option to achieve universal energy access in rural areas, while it concurrently decarbonises energy generation, but often remains in tension with traditional centralised generation and distribution systems. Lack of awareness of PV technologies is seen as one of the major barriers limiting the deployment of decentralised systems in rural areas. This study explores awareness of PV systems drawing from over 700 household semi-structured surveys within Uttar Pradesh, India. We found existing awareness-raising campaigns, and subsidies for promoting PV technologies in rural areas are not effective with households preferring word of mouth, experiential learning and village-level awareness programmes than conventional electronic and print media advertising, as preferred by the government and private sectors. This lack of awareness also extends to subsidies for solar PV otherwise used to support this technology deployment and transition. We suggest locally organised and locally delivered targeted campaigns covering product knowledge, functionality and information on financing provisions for procuring solar PV system including how this relates to subsidies could be more effective to promote solar PV in the rural market. As public awareness precedes solar PV adoption, these findings can be insightful for policymakers, investors and the private enterprises to improve existing informational programmes and devise effective campaigns supporting the demand and therefore development of rural solar PV market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the most heinous ways of discrimination against women in a society is through female foeticide. The present study was conducted to assess knowledge and awareness regarding female foeticide among school children. Materials and Method: The present study was conducted on 580 school children of both genders. A self questionnaire was administered and all participants were asked to reply to assess knowledge and perceptions regarding female foeticide. Results: Out of 580 subjects, male were 320 and female were 260. 68% had correct knowledge regarding sex ratio, 65% had correct knowledge regarding district sex position, 67% had correct knowledge regarding state sex position and 74% had correct knowledge regarding foeticide definition. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). 76% replied correct that pre natal gender detection is crime, 72% replied that female foeticide should stop, 65% replied that female foeticide practice will harm society and 86% replied that pre natal gender detection is severely punishable act. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found students had sufficient knowledge and awareness about female foeticide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]