1. Experimental Milestones in the Discovery of Molecular Chaperones as Polypeptide Unfolding Enzymes
- Author
-
Rayees U.H. Mattoo, Andrija Finka, Pierre Goloubinoff, and Kornberg, Rd
- Subjects
Models, Molecular ,0301 basic medicine ,Protein Folding ,Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry ,Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ,Chaperonin 60/chemistry ,Chaperonin 60/genetics ,Chaperonin 60/metabolism ,Escherichia coli/chemistry ,Escherichia coli/metabolism ,Gene Expression ,HSP110 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry ,HSP110 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ,HSP110 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ,HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry ,HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ,HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ,Heat-Shock Proteins, Small/chemistry ,Heat-Shock Proteins, Small/genetics ,Heat-Shock Proteins, Small/metabolism ,Humans ,Mitochondrial Proteins/chemistry ,Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics ,Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ,Protein Aggregates ,Protein Structure, Quaternary ,Protein Unfolding ,Rhodospirillum rubrum/chemistry ,Rhodospirillum rubrum/metabolism ,Hsp104 ,Hsp110 ,Hsp60 ,Hsp70 ,heat-shock proteins ,protein homeostasis ,sHsps ,small heat-shock proteins ,unfoldases ,Protein aggregation ,Biology ,Rhodospirillum rubrum ,Biochemistry ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,JUNQ and IPOD ,Protein structure ,Escherichia coli ,HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ,HSP110 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Chaperonin 60 ,heat-shock proteinsHsp60Hsp70Hsp110Hsp104small heat-shock proteinssHspsprotein homeostasisunfoldases ,Heat-Shock Proteins, Small ,Co-chaperone ,030104 developmental biology ,Chaperone (protein) ,Unfolded protein response ,biology.protein ,Protein folding ,Chemical chaperone - Abstract
Molecular chaperones control the cellular folding, assembly, unfolding, disassembly, translocation, activation, inactivation, disaggregation, and degradation of proteins. In 1989, groundbreaking experiments demonstrated that a purified chaperone can bind and prevent the aggregation of artificially unfolded polypeptides and use ATP to dissociate and convert them into native proteins. A decade later, other chaperones were shown to use ATP hydrolysis to unfold and solubilize stable protein aggregates, leading to their native refolding. Presently, the main conserved chaperone families Hsp70, Hsp104, Hsp90, Hsp60, and small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) apparently act as unfolding nanomachines capable of converting functional alternatively folded or toxic misfolded polypeptides into harmless protease-degradable or biologically active native proteins. Being unfoldases, the chaperones can proofread three-dimensional protein structures and thus control protein quality in the cell. Understanding the mechanisms of the cellular unfoldases is central to the design of new therapies against aging, degenerative protein conformational diseases, and specific cancers.
- Published
- 2016