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The KLASS computer program planned for development is designed to work as a part of the ARION-plus software package and allows you to perform an automated assessment of the reliability of electronic products, including semiconductor devices. At the stage of work planning on the creation of the KLASS program, as a module of the ARION-plus complex, the question arose about the working time allotted for the procedure for testing a computer program. The approaches described in the scientific literature used to assess the operational reliability of computer programs, taking into account their testing, proceed from the fact that the program code has been written and debugged and there are certain data on the results of testing the computer program. Software developers would like to know the predicted testing time, which ensures a given operational reliability of a computer program, even before starting work on writing program code. Based on the analysis of the experimental data on the reliability of computer programs in various fields of application, a model is proposed for determining the testing time required to ensure the operational reliability of programs. The model was used for the computer program KLASS planned for development and takes into account the programming language, the amount of program code, the speed of the computer processor, and the scope of the program. Based on the obtained model, a nomogram with two binary fields was constructed, which allows one to quickly determine the predicted time for testing computer programs.

Due to the increasing of traffic accidents, there is an urgent need to control and reduce driving mistakes. Driver fatigue or drowsiness is one of these major mistakes. Many algorithms have been developed to address this issue by detecting fatigue and alerting the driver to this dangerous condition. The major problem of the developed algorithms is their detection accuracy, as well as the time required to detect fatigue status and alert the driver. The accuracy and the time represent a critical condition that affects the reduction of traffic accidents. Several datasets have been used in the development of fatigue or drowsy detection techniques. These data are gathered from the deriver’s brain Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals or from video streaming recordings of the driver behavior. This paper develops two distinct approaches, the first based on the use of machine learning classifiers and the second depends on the use of deep learning models to produce a high-performance fatigue detection system. The machine learning approach is used to process EEG signals, whereas the deep learning approach is used to process video streams. In machine learning classifiers, Support Vector Machine (SVM) provides up to 98% of detection accuracy, which is the highest accuracy among the other five deployed classifiers. In deep learning models, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) provides up to 99% detection accuracy, which is the highest accuracy among the other two deployed models. The experimental results demonstrate that the two proposed algorithms provide the highest detection accuracy with the shortest Testing Time (TT) when compared to all other recent and efficient fatigue detection algorithms.

The obstacle faced during the fatigue test is the waiting time which is quite long and inefficient, especially for test specimens made of ductile metal with waiting times of up to several days. The research method includes reducing the specimen radius to obtain a flexural stress approaching 400 MPa which was originally 229 MPa from a radius of 254 mm to 240 mm with the results of turning the original specimen obtained a minimum diameter of 8.6 mm is reduced to 7.3 mm at a maximum loading of 10 kg. Results of the research are brass specimens C3604BD type with a minimum diameter of 8.6 mm at a flexural stress of 298 MPa showing a fatigue life of 2455546 cycles with a test duration of 1754 minutes and a minimum specimen diameter of 7.3 mm at a flexural stress of 299 MPa showing a fatigue life of 684311 cycles with a test duration of 489 minutes which means that with a minimum specimen diameter of 7.3 mm the fatigue life is 3.59 times shorter than a minimum specimen diameter of 8.6 mm. Meanwhile, for aluminium AA1101 type with a minimum specimen diameter of 7.3 mm at a flexural stress of 182 MPa, the fatigue life is 422117 cycles with a test duration of 278 minutes and with a minimum specimen diameter of 8.6 mm at a flexural stress of 183 MPa, the fatigue life is 389232 cycles with a test duration of 302 minutes which means that with a minimum specimen diameter of 7.3 mm the fatigue life is 1.05 times shorter than the minimum specimen diameter of 8.6 mm or almost the same.

Soil nutrient testing is an effective way to uncover soil nutrient status. However, the conventional testing method (CT method) and Mehlich 3 method (M3 method) demand long-time consumption, tedious testing steps, high testing cost, dangerous chemicals contained in extractant, etc. Therefore, it is important to develop a new rapid test method or improve the existing rapid test method of soil available nutrients. In this study, an improved Mehlich3 method (IM3 method) with the new combined extractant were developed and evaluated on the testing feasibility, precision, efficiency, and cost. The results showed that: (1) IM3 method avoided the usage of two hazardous chemicals, i.e., ammonium nitrate and nitric acid, which were difficult in purchase and storage but contained in the combined extractant of M3 method. (2) The correlation coefficients of available P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in calcareous soil between M3 and CT, and between IM3 and CT methods all reached highly significant level. The correlation coefficient of available Zn between IM3 and CT method was significantly higher than that between M3 and CT method, and those of the other elements had not obviously changed. (3) The variation coefficients of available P, K, Fe and Cu determined by M3 and IM3 methods were all lower than those determined by CT method. The variation coefficients of available Mn and Zn determined by IM3 were 3.67% and 6.43%, which were slightly higher than those determined by CT method with 2.72% and 5.29%, but were lower than those determined by M3 method. (4) Under the premise of ensuring testing precision, IM3 method took only 6.3 min/piece for determining six elements, reducing testing time by 70.7% and 3.08% compared with CT (21.5 min/piece) and M3 (6.5 min/piece) methods, respectively. The testing cost of IM3 method was reduced by 26% and 61.2% compared with M3 and CT methods, respectively. In conclusion, IM3 method is an ideal rapid measurement method for the simultaneous determination of available soil nutrients in calcareous soil.

Checking software quality and reliability of developed software system is one of the important activities for developing highly-reliable software system. In software testing phase, which is located in the final stage of software development process, software faults remaining the developed software system must be eliminated as possible as the testing manager could. Further, it is also important to develop testing plan to conduct testing activities efficiently under the certain constraints because there are some constraints, such as cost and delivery, in the actual testing phase. This paper discusses method to estimate the number of detectable faults under constant budget constraint by applying a two-dimensional Weibull type software reliability model, in which the software reliability growth process depends on testing time and testing effort factors. We finally show numerical examples of our method by using actual data.

A new method for determining the P‐S‐N curves is proposed by the probabilistic analysis of the mixed samples that are composed of the testing fatigue lives and equivalent fatigue lives. The equivalent fatigue lives at each level are converted from all the testing data at all the testing levels according to the equivalent fatigue failure probability, where the life distributions are determined by the medians of logarithmic fatigue lives at respective levels and a unified coefficient of variation. Comparison results of the P‐S‐N curves of 2024‐T3 and A356.0‐T6 alloys with the different methods indicate that the new method can determine the high‐precision P‐S‐N curves with different sample sizes of the S‐N testing data, and can save testing time and improve testing efficiency, especially for the situation of large‐scatter S‐N testing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the paper is to present a way to shorten the time required to perform laboratory tests of materials in metallurgy. The paper finds a relation between the time to perform a test of materials and the number of technicians carrying out the test. The relation can be used to optimize the number of technicians. The approach is based on probability theory, as the amount of material to be tested is unknown in advance, and uses powerful modelling techniques involving the generalized estimating equations.

Organizasyonların personel seçiminde kullanılan bilişsel yetenek ölçümlerinin, objektif ve yansız olarak yapılması, ihtiyaç duyulan uygun nitelikteki insan kaynağının temin edilmesi için önemli bir husustur. Ancak, bilişsel yetenek testlerinin kişilik özelliklerinden etkilendiğine dair bazı bulgular öne sürülmektedir. Mevcut araştırmada, genel bilişsel yetenek (GBY) ölçümlerinde süre ve performans ilişkisinde A Tipi kişiliğin rolü 271 üniversite öğrencisinden elde edilen verilerle incelenmiştir. Veriler, A Tipi Kişilik Ölçeği ve Raven Standart Progresif Matrisler Testi ile toplanmıştır. Genel örneklemde ve A Tiplerinde GBY test performansı ve süresi ile A Tipi kişilik arasında anlamlı bir ilişki gözlenmezken, B Tiplerinde test süresinin ve yaşın GBY test performansının yordayıcısı olduğuna ilişkin bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Objectively and impartially application of cognitive ability measurements that used in personnel selection of organizations, is a vital issue for providing needed appropriate human resources. But, some findings have been suggested that personality traits influence the measurement of cognitive abilities. In the current study the relationship between general cognitive ability (GCA) and Type A personality (TAP) was investigated with the data collected from 271 university students. The assessment instruments used were: Type-A Behavior Scale and Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test. The findings revealed that, while there was no relationship between GCA, testing time and TAP in the general sample and Type A group, testing time and age were predictors of the GCA test performance in the Type B group

OBJECTIVES: The current study proposes a new and fast technique to record the auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) simultaneously (BiSi-ABR) from two ears. The BiSi-ABR technique can be used to record the ABRs two times faster than with a conventional ABR recording method. The objective of the study was to show the proof of concept and to compare the BiSi-ABR technique with that of a conventional ABRs recording method to test its clinical feasibility. MATERIALS and METHODS: A repeated-measures design was used, wherein ABRs recorded in the BiSi-ABR were compared with that of conventional ABRs recordings. Twenty-five normal-hearing adults participated in the study. ABRs were recorded using the BiSi-ABR technique, as well as the conventional method. The peak latencies (in ms) of waves III and V between the new technique and conventional method were compared. The minimum intensity at which the wave V was present was tracked using both the methods. RESULTS: The wave latencies and thresholds of ABR using the BiSi-ABR technique were remarkably similar to those recorded in the conventional ABR technique. The ABR wave latencies and thresholds did not differ significantly between the new technique and the conventional method. CONCLUSION: ABRs recorded with the BiSi-ABR technique can be used to estimate ear-specific hearing thresholds with the same reliability as that of conventional ABRs, in half the recording time. The results of the study have strong implications for screening, diagnostic, and research purposes as they aid in cutting down the ABR testing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although testing to detect weak D antigens using the antihuman globulin reagent is not required for D- patients in many countries, it is routinely performed in Korea. However, weak D testing can be omitted in D- patients with a C-E- phenotype as this indicates complete deletion of the RHD gene, except in rare cases. We designed a new algorithm for weak D testing, which consisted of RhCE phenotyping followed by weak D testing in C+ or E+ samples, and compared it with the current algorithm with respect to time and cost-effectiveness. Methods: In this retrospective study, 74,889 test results from January to July 2017 in a tertiary hospital in Korea were analyzed. Agreement between the current and proposed algorithms was evaluated, and total number of tests, time required for testing, and test costs were compared. With both algorithms, RHD genotyping was conducted for samples that were C+ or E+ and negative for weak D testing. Results: The algorithms showed perfect agreement (agreement=100%; κ=1.00). By applying the proposed algorithm, 29.56% (115/389 tests/yr) of tests could be omitted, time required for testing could be reduced by 36% (8,672/24,084 min/yr), and the test cost could be reduced by 16.53% (536.11/3,241.08 USD/yr). Conclusions: Our algorithm omitting weak D testing in D- patients with C-E- phenotype may be a cost-effective testing strategy in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article is made an opening for the software reliability issues, through wide-ranging statistical indicators, which are designed based on information collected from operating or testing (samples). It is developed the reliability issues also for the case of the main reliability laws (exponential, normal, Weibull), which validated for a particular system, allows the calculation of some reliability indicators with a higher degree of accuracy and trustworthiness

The objective of the paper is to present a way to shorten the time required to perform laboratory tests of materials in metallurgy. The paper finds a relation between the time to perform a test of materials and the number of technicians carrying out the test. The relation can be used to optimize the number of technicians. The approach is based on probability theory, as the amount of material to be tested is unknown in advance, and uses powerful modelling techniques involving the generalized estimating equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent developments in the field of very-large-scale integration (VLSI) testing have led to a demand for fault diagnosis in very-large-scale integration circuits. However, the problem of test pattern generation becomes very difficult as the size of circuits increases. Proficient techniques for test pattern generation are necessary to reduce the test sequence length and testing time. In conventional methods, Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) and Design for Test (DFT) are used for test pattern generation and fault insertion in netlist files. The complexity faced in Automatic Test Pattern Generation exponentially increases with respect to the circuit size. In circuits with a large number of stuck-at-fault errors, the conventional verification sequence fails to provide acceptable fault coverage and low power consumption. A twofold state skip (TFSS) logic is developed to achieve a low scan power by skipping long scan chains to reduce switching activities. This work addresses the above-mentioned issues faced in Automatic Test Pattern Generation in VLSI circuits and examines all detectable faults using a twofold state skip logic. The proposed approach is efficient and verified on ISCAS 89 & 85 benchmark circuits; the results indicate a considerable reduction in the test data volume and thus a significant reduction in power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous stirred-mode operation of a mechanically tuned reverberation chamber provides an alternative to stepped-mode operation that is both more cost effective and more robust in many electromagnetic compatibility testing applications. An experimental investigation shows that the spectral information available within the chamber is the same for both the stepped and the stirred operation and is independent of the tuner speed provided that the chamber transient time is small compared to the rate at which the fields change inside the chamber due to the tuner rotation. This is further confirmed for stirred operation at additional frequencies. However, the field must be properly sampled to ensure that all independent field configurations available at the test point within the chamber are included in the spectral analysis. Optimal sampling is obtained when sampling at the same tuner angular position increment over a single tuner rotation at any tuner speed. Equipment under test may be exposed to all available field configurations available within the chamber using stirred operation with a single rotation of the tuner, giving a more robust test than the minimum 12 steps that are used with the stepped operation. Testing time is also reduced. The exposure time to a particular field configuration can be controlled with knowledge of the number of independent samples available in the chamber and by changing the tuner rotational speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article is made an opening for the software reliability issues, through wide-ranging statistical indicators, which are designed based on information collected from operating or testing (samples). It is developed the reliability issues also for the case of the main reliability laws (exponential, normal, Weibull), which validated for a particular system, allows the calculation of some reliability indicators with a higher degree of accuracy and trustworthiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Expanded polystyrene (EPS) slabs were tested to determine their strength and the effects of creep strain under compressive stress. The results were statistically analysed based on long-term experiments between 65 and 2034 days. The analysis shows that it is possible to predict creep strain development for a lead time of 50 years on the basis of the data obtained in experiments shorter than 608 days, as specified in Standard EN 13163. Sufficiently accurate point-wise prediction of creep strain of EPS slabs under a compressive stress σc of (0.25 and 0.35)σ 10% for a lead time of 50 years is possible by extrapolating the creep described via a power equation (Findley W.N.) and using data from the 65-day direct experiment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We describe an integrated framework for system-on-chip (SOC) test automation. Our framework is based on a new test access mechanism (TAM) architecture consisting of flexible-width test buses that can fork and merge between cores. Test wrapper and TAM cooptimization for this architecture is performed by representing core tests using rectangles and by employing a novel rectangle packing algorithm for test scheduling. Test scheduling is tightly integrated with TAM optimization and it incorporates precedence and power constraints in the test schedule, while allowing the SOC integrator to designate a group of tests as preemptable. Test preemption helps avoid hardware and power consumption conflicts, thereby leading to a more efficient test schedule. Finally, we study the relationship between TAM width and tester data volume to identify an effective TAM width for the SOC. We present experimental results on our test automation framework for four benchmark SOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Test access mechanisms (TAMs) and test wrappers are integral parts of a system-on-chip (SOC) test architecture. Prior research has concentrated on only one aspect of the TAM/wrapper design problem at a time, i.e., either optimizing the TAMs for a set of pre-designed wrappers, or optimizing the wrapper for a given TAM width. In this paper, we address a more general problem, that of carrying out TAM design and wrapper optimization in conjunction. We present an efficient algorithm to construct wrappers that reduce the testing time for cores. Our wrapper design algorithm improves on earlier approaches by also reducing the TAM width required to achieve these lower testing times. We present new mathematical models for TAM optimization that use the core testing time values calculated by our wrapper design algorithm. We further present a new enumerative method for TAM optimization that reduces execution time significantly when the number of TAMs being designed is small. Experimental results are presented for an academic SOC as well as an industrial SOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although testing to detect weak D antigens using the antihuman globulin reagent is not required for D- patients in many countries, it is routinely performed in Korea. However, weak D testing can be omitted in D- patients with a C-E- phenotype as this indicates complete deletion of the RHD gene, except in rare cases. We designed a new algorithm for weak D testing, which consisted of RhCE phenotyping followed by weak D testing in C+ or E+ samples, and compared it with the current algorithm with respect to time and cost-effectiveness., Methods: In this retrospective study, 74,889 test results from January to July 2017 in a tertiary hospital in Korea were analyzed. Agreement between the current and proposed algorithms was evaluated, and total number of tests, time required for testing, and test costs were compared. With both algorithms, RHD genotyping was conducted for samples that were C+ or E+ and negative for weak D testing., Results: The algorithms showed perfect agreement (agreement=100%; κ=1.00). By applying the proposed algorithm, 29.56% (115/389 tests/yr) of tests could be omitted, time required for testing could be reduced by 36% (8,672/24,084 min/yr), and the test cost could be reduced by 16.53% (536.11/3,241.08 USD/yr)., Conclusions: Our algorithm omitting weak D testing in D- patients with C-E- phenotype may be a cost-effective testing strategy in Korea., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article., (© The Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine.)