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The Covid-19 pandemic has undoubtedly influenced tourism and has led to a change in the consumer behaviour of tourists. The purpose of the study was to find out how the profile of the visitor of the rural area had changed in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The quantitative survey with 1026 visitors was conducted and its results were analyzed within three main segments of visitors – groups with children, couples and the others (without children). The results of the research confirm the persisting fact – due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the demand in tourism is shifting from urban areas to rural ones, but overall tourists in research rural area can benefit from the fact that it is a relatively small area and can get the best of both rural areas as well as of near cities in the area. Visiting rural areas is generally a shorter-term option for all visitors, which does not require long-term planning. The findings confirmed that rural areas are a great opportunity for domestic tourism. The results bring a deeper and actual insight into the consumer behaviour of tourists in rural areas and at the same time the findings show the possibilities for service quality improvement. Both can be beneficial for service providers as well as destination managers.

The Czech Republic ranks among the countries with a strong tradition of home food self-provisioning. In this article, we focused our attention specifically to the traditional and frequently neglected phenomenon of rural self-provisioning while newly introducing a data-based analysis of the phenomenon in two areas, i.e., suburbs and peripheries of the South Moravian region. Unlike the research carried out in the CR or EU to date, our survey aims exclusively at the analysis of households with access to land, which allow a more detailed scrutiny of growing a wide range of commodities, the attitudes to it and its perspectives. The results of the field study carried out in 178 rural households in two types of South Moravian regions (suburban and peripheral) from 2017 show the regional differences in food self-provisioning. They also contribute to a better understanding of a phenomenon whose variability within a rural territory is quite known a little. Even though the suburban and peripheral regions have very comparable natural conditions and opportunities of growing crops (a similar type of estate, nearly the same size of the gardens surveyed), we can observe rather remarkable differences, especially in the extent of the areas being farmed and in the scale of breeding domesticated animals (work demanding activities). Compared to that, only negligible differences were found in growing commodities demanding less work (fruit and tomato growing). The identified differences in attitudes to self-provisioning in the observed regions (depending on the varied types of population in the regions) allow for analysing the perspectives of particular self-provisioning activities both in South Moravia and the CR on the whole.

The paper is aimed at an attempt to define a smart village in the Czech conditions. It argues that the principles of smart villages are very similar to the concept of sustainability. The analysis deals with preventing rural exclusion, promoting digital technologies for the management of the rural infrastructure, teleworking in rural areas and using ICT for participation and governance. This approach is documented in the case of the South-Moravian Region. It was concluded that it was not so much coverage or accessibility of digital technology that was the main barrier of more intensive use of the smart village concept but rather the lower qualification level and conservatism of rural population is. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to increasing the digital literacy of rural people.

Field fortifications from the end of World War 2 which were located in South Moravia are almost forgotten nowadays. This paper presents first results of archaeological research of their remains. Recently, relics of field fortifications have been registered during rescue excavations on 13 construction sites. In the vicinity of the town of Brno, parts of Wehrmacht trench systems, which defended whole town, have been excavated and documented on several sites. Several dozen small infantry entrenchments have been recorded near Pasohlávky and Mušov, where serious fights lasted for two weeks. Also, the use of aerial archaeology will be outlined. On five sites, field fortifications have been identified with the help of digital aerial orthophotos (especially historical) and digital elevation model (derived from airborne laser scanning). Results of both excavations and aerial archaeology suggests that archaeology can enhance our knowledge of this kind of relics.

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The concept of Green Infrastructure (GI) is still relatively new in the Czech Republic. When looking at the definition of GI, one can recognise a relationship with the Czech Territorial System of Ecological Stability (TSES), which is defined as “an interconnected system of natural as well as modified semi-natural ecosystems keeping the natural balance”. TSES is a designed system and is an integral part of territorial plans. This article focuses on TSES and its relationship to GI, how it is implemented in a Czech case study representing intensively used agricultural region in South Moravia, what the main obstacles are to its implementation and how TSES can contribute to the connectivity of the landscape. Our results show that nearly two thirds of the planned TSES in the case study area already exist to some degree. There is a difference between the number and the area of existing TSES elements: the area of existing elements shows higher relative values than the number. This is mainly due to bio-centres that exist in large forest complexes and their pre-set minimal parameters. Creation of TSES elements increases connectivity of GI, especially those characterised as core areas and bridges

The landscape in several countries of Central and Eastern Europe went through the most dramatic change in the socialist period. Agricultural land was considered only as a productive area. The size of arable land plots increased and stabilizing elements in the landscape were removed. This land consolidation of agriculture has led to the development of soil erosion. This paper presents a case study focused on comparison of landscape structure of model territory in two periods. The first period shows landscape before collectivization of agriculture, and the second one presents current landscape. The research dealt especially with evaluation of ecological stability and water erosion risk of the landscape. The identification of land use trends helps to characterize landscape of the model territory during monitored period. The following trends: decreasing area of arable land, increasing area of built‑up areas and other areas and increase area of vineyards showed different character of current landscape. The evaluation of ecological stability confirmed the loss of stable landscape elements. Based on the calculated values of ecological stability coefficient, the evaluated landscape has degraded from the category of “disturbed landscape capable of self‑regulation” to “devastated landscape”. The results also show the vulnerability of current large plots of arable land and vineyards to water erosion.

The concept of Green Infrastructure (GI) is still relatively new in the Czech Republic. When looking at the definition of GI, one can recognise a relationship with the Czech Territorial System of Ecological Stability (TSES), which is defined as "an interconnected system of natural as well as modified semi-natural ecosystems keeping the natural balance". TSES is a designed system and is an integral part of territorial plans. This article focuses on TSES and its relationship to GI, how it is implemented in a Czech case study representing intensively used agricultural region in South Moravia, what the main obstacles are to its implementation and how TSES can contribute to the connectivity of the landscape. Our results show that nearly two thirds of the planned TSES in the case study area already exist to some degree. There is a difference between the number and the area of existing TSES elements: the area of existing elements shows higher relative values than the number. This is mainly due to bio-centres that exist in large forest complexes and their pre-set minimal parameters. Creation of TSES elements increases connectivity of GI, especially those characterised as core areas and bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archaeologia Historica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The landscape in several countries of Central and Eastern Europe went through the most dramatic change in the socialist period. Agricultural land was considered only as a productive area. The size of arable land plots increased and stabilizing elements in the landscape were removed. This land consolidation of agriculture has led to the development of soil erosion. This paper presents a case study focused on comparison of landscape structure of model territory in two periods. The first period shows landscape before collectivization of agriculture, and the second one presents current landscape. The research dealt especially with evaluation of ecological stability and water erosion risk of the landscape. The identification of land use trends helps to characterize landscape of the model territory during monitored period. The following trends: decreasing area of arable land, increasing area of built-up areas and other areas and increase area of vineyards showed different character of current landscape. The evaluation of ecological stability confirmed the loss of stable landscape elements. Based on the calculated values of ecological stability coefficient, the evaluated landscape has degraded from the category of "disturbed landscape capable of self-regulation" to "devastated landscape". The results also show the vulnerability of current large plots of arable land and vineyards to water erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to compare two methods of farming, especially their effect on water soil erosion. The examined methods were (1) large-scale farming, where more than 50% of the land was leased, and (2) small-scale farming, where the land was almost exclusively privately owned. The research area was 8 cadastres in the district of Hodonín, South Moravia, Czech Republic. In these cadastres 48 land blocks representing both large-scale and small-scale farming (i.e. owners and tenants) were chosen. The long-term average annual soil loss caused by water erosion (G) was calculated using the erosion model USLE 2D and ArcGIS 10.1. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used for the statistical evaluation of the data. The difference between the soil loss (G) on land blocks farmed by small producers (owners) and large producers (tenants) was significant (p < 0.05). Differences between the values of the cropping-management factor (C) were not statistically significant (p = 0.054). Based on the analysis of other variables in the USLE equation it can be stated that a continuous slope length, conditioned by the size of land blocks, played an important role in the amount of soil loss caused by water erosion. Above all, to protect the soil from erosion and maintain soil quality it is necessary to reduce the size of land blocks farmed by tenants and improve the crop rotation systems.

Records of spiders of the vineyard terraces from the vicinity of the villages Morkůvky and Mutěnice Jesličky (South Moravia, Czech Republic) are published in the presented work. Spiders were collected by pitfall traping during 30 April – 28 October 2011 and by day and night sweeping of herb vegetation in different dates of 2011. In total 2719 individuals were collected, and identified as 139 species of 23 families. Eighteen species listed in the Red List of threatened species in the Czech Republic were recorded. In vineyard terraces in the vicinity of Morkůvky, 12 threatened species (CR – 2 species, EN – 3 species, VU – 7 species) were found altogether. In the vineyard terraces at Mutěnice, we found 13 threatened spider species (CR – 2 species, EN – 6 species, VU – 5 species). The most significant findings are Alopecosa solitaria (Herman, 1879), Cheiracanthium pennyi O.P.-Cambridge, 1873; Dipoena coracina (C. L. Koch, 1837); Dysdera hungarica Kulczyński, 1897; Eresus kollari Rossi, 1846; Euryopis quinqueguttata Thorell, 1875; Sibianor tantulus (Simon, 1868) and Haplodrassus minor (O.P.-Cambridge, 1879). Besides of these threatened species, we discovered rich spectra of rare spiders related to the well preserved xeric grasslands. Our faunistic results indicate that artificial habitats, such as vineyard terraces, are important refuges for wide spectra of xerothermophilous spiders.

In recent years, rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns have a significant impact on agriculture. This paper presents analyses of selected climatic characteristics of the South Moravian region. The evaluation was based on the data from the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Climatic data for future periods were gained using the A1B emission scenario. With regard to the agricultural activity of this region, climatic characteristics (average air temperature, heat waves, average precipitation and periods without precipitation) were selected and compared in the following three periods 1961–1990, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100. The results showed an increase of the average air temperature, increase in the number of tropical days and days in heat waves. It was also found that as a result of rising air temperatures and different distribution of precipitation, the period of drought will significantly prolong in the future. Very unfavourable climate situation is expected in the particular period of 2071–2100 in this region. Increasing drought, predicted by climate models, presents major problem for the agriculture of South Moravia. It is necessary to adapt to these anticipated changes not only in the agricultural activities but also in the landscape management in general.

Air blown sands areas and its habitats are very rare in Europe as well as many spider species, which occure there. Research was focused on spiders of sandy grassland and its ecotones near the town of Hodonín. Three lines of pitfall traps were used (one in grassland and two in its ecotones). Research took place in growing seasons of the years 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. Total number of collected adult spider specimens was 11743, they belong to 160 species and 21 families. It was found out, that 15 following species are included in the Red List of threatened species in the Czech Republic: Critically Endangered – Haplodrassus bohemicus Miller & Buchar, 1977, Sitticus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877), Titanoeca psammophila Wunderlich, 1993, Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806; Endangered – Euryopis laeta (Westring, 1861), Haplodrassus minor (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879), Micaria dives (Lucas, 1846); Vulnerable – Agroeca lusatica (L. Koch, 1875), Arctosa perita (Latreille, 1799), Haplodrassus dalmatensis (L. Koch, 1866), Myrmarachne formicaria (De Geer, 1778), Pellenes nigrociliatus (Simon, 1875), Scotina celans (Blackwall, 1841), Taranucnus setosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863), Titanoeca schineri L. Koch, 1872. Another 19 remarkable species were also found. The finding of one new species for the fauna of the Czech Republic [Sintula spiniger (Balogh, 1935)] and two new for the territory of Moravia [Mermessus trilobatus (Emerton, 1882) and Zelotes exiguus (Müller & Schenkel, 1895)] are the most important.

According to the IPCC it is possible to predict larger weather extremity associated with more frequent occurrence of heat waves. These waves have an impact not only on the health status of the population, on economic, social and environmental spheres, but also on agricultural landscape and production. The paper deals with the issue of climate extremity and addresses mainly the occurrence of characteristic days (tropical, summer, freezing, ice and arctic) and heat waves. The south-eastern Moravia belongs to the warmest regions of the Czech Republic. Since the area is not urban, it is not affected by urban heat islands. Thus, it can be used as a representative area of climate change in terms of weather extremes. Heat wave occurrence and length analysis was performed for the period of 1931-1960 and 1961-2013. In addition, a prospective analysis was carried out for the period of 2021-2100 where the scenario data of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute were used. Between 1961 and 1990, heat waves appeared from June to September. The prediction for the next two decades shows that heat waves may appear as early as May. Furthermore, the average count of days in heat waves increased from 6.13 days (1961-1990) to 36 days (2071-2100). A statistically significant increase in the annual number of tropical days (from 9 to 20 days) was found in the assessment of characteristic days for the period 1961-2013. A highly conspicuous trend was found in July and a prominent trend was identified in May. A statistically highly significant trend was also observed in the annual number of summer days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a study of Carabid beetles in two limestone quarries in South Moravia. The first one was a limestone quarry pit called Lesní lom which is located approximately 1 km away from the northern edge of the city district of Brno-Líšeň. The second locality was a limestone quarry of Malá dohoda which is located in a protected landscape area in the northern part of Moravian Karst. Using formaldehyde pitfall traps, 1682 specimens belonging to 66 species were caught in 2012, out of which 847 specimens (49 species) were from the active quarry of Malá dohoda and 835 specimens (40 species) came from Lesní lom quarry which had already been closed for 15 years at the time of research. The most abundant species included Anchomenus dorsalis, Carabus ullrichii ullrichii, C. cancellatus, and Aptinus bombarda. Relict species collected were Aptinus bombarda, Leistus rufomarginatus, and Carabus irregularis irregularis which is together with C. cancellatus, and Cylindera germanica included in the Red List of the Czech Republic. Xerothermophilic species of Carabid beetles found refuge mainly in the quarry marginal sites. In the case of Malá dohoda quarry, the influence of the surrounding PLA Moravian Karst was evident in the distribution of Carabid beetles.

During the vegetation period of 2012, a faunistic survey of carabid beetles was conducted with focus on selected limestone quarries in the Pálava PLA. In the Turold quarry, 39 species in the total number of 270 specimens were captured, while the most abundant species was Carabus cancellatus. In the Svatý kopeček quarry, a total of 36 species with the total number of 420 specimens were collected, the most numerous species here was Pseudoophonus rufipes. Four protected species under the Decree 395/1992 Coll., as amended by Decree No. 175/2006 Coll. – Brachinus crepitans, B. explodens, Carabus ullrichii ullrichii, and Cylindera germanica and 6 species listed in the Red List of the Czech Republic – Licinus cassideus, Carabus cancellatus, Cylindera germanica, Cymindis axillaris, Notiophilus laticollis, and Poecilus sericeus were recorded in the areas investigated. Typical xerothermophilous species preferred the medium-term quarry of Svatý kopeček to the Turold quarry, which has been closed for almost 70 years now.

Faunistic records of spiders (Araneae) in the Nature Monument Jesličky (South Moravia, Czech Republic) are presented. Spiders were collected by pitfall trapping in 2009 and by sweeping of the herb vegetation in 2011. During the both periods a total of 847 specimens were collected, from which 617 adult spiders were determined. We found 88 species belonging to 20 families. Seven species listed on the Red List of Invertebrates of the Czech Republic were recorded: Titanoeca schineri L. Koch, 1872, Scotina celans (Blackwall, 1841), Haplodrassus dalmatensis (L. Koch, 1866), Ozyptila pullata (Thorell, 1875), Ozyptila simplex (O.P-Cambridge, 1862) and Marpissa nivoyi (Lucas, 1846). To the most significant finding belongs a very rare and endangered (EN) Micaria guttulata (C. L. Koch, 1839). A significant and rich finding of bioindicators of the well preserved steppe habitats Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776), Eresus kollari Rossi, 1846 and Alopecosa sulzeri (Pavesi, 1873) are to be mentioned.

The black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), an introduced species into the Czech Republic, is planted for its production of valuable timber. A systematic study of the black walnut growth rate at different localities and consequently the creation of standard volume tables under Central European conditions therefore appear to be of high relevance. The aim of our study was to reveal the black walnut growth pattern in its pure stands in two riparian forests along the Morava and Svratka River (Strážnice locality and Židlochovice locality, respectively). To describe and to compare relationships among diameter at breast height (dbh), tree height and age, we used a forest management plan and measured 573 and 670 trees in pure sample stands at Strážnice and Židlochovice, respectively. We found out that the measured mean DBH and mean height were consistently higher in Strážnice, however the relationships of DBH to height, age to DBH, and age to height showed the same pattern at both localities. The mean heights of trees were 16.3, 24.1, 28.7, 31.9, and 34.5 m in 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 year age classes and were consistently taller in comparison with other, mainly European, regions. Therefore our results suggest the high potential of black walnut in timber production in riparian forests in the Czech Republic, mainly in the South Moravian region.

The two-year field trial was established in May 2008 on light soil in the cadastre of Ratíškovice near Hodonín in an arid maize-growing production area. Prior to sowing selected soil conditioners were applied in experimental plots of an area of 864 m2 as follows: zeolite (a mineral of high sorption ca­pa­ci­ty), lignite (the youngest coal containing humus substances) and the supplementary soil substance agrisorb (polymer organic compound capable of holding in its structure and subsequently releasing water) and they were incorporated into a profile of 0.15 m. Including the untreated control the experiment involved 4 treatments. The rates of the conditioners were as follows: zeolite – 3 l . m−2, fraction used 1–2 mm; agrisorb – 20 g . m−2; lignite – 1000 g . m−2. Three types of clover-grass mixtures were sown: landscape mixture with an addition of leguminous plants (seeding rate 200 kg . ha−1), regional mixture (100 kg . ha−1) and annual mixture (70 kg . ha−1). The aboveground biomass taken from an area of 0.05 m2 was sampled in the stage of bud setting with three repetitions to each treatment. In 2008 and 2009 the respective treatments did not significantly change the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the aboveground biomass of the clover-grass mixtures. The differences in the contents of the macro elements were significant only between the individual types of mixtures and were due to their different botanical composition. Between the years 2008 and 2009 no significant differences were discovered among treatments in terms of the contents of P and K in none of the mixtures, but the Mg content decreased in the second year in most treatments by 50 relative % and more. The contents of N and Ca increased significantly in the second year in the regional and landscape mixtures; in the annual mixture also the Ca content. The year-on-year differences however were seen also in the untreated control showing the apparent effect of the year. A longer period of monitoring is necessary if we are to achieve an objective evaluation of the effect of the applied preparations on the chemical composition of the aboveground biomass.

The equable regional development and mitigation of disparities among the individual regions are main objectives of regional policy not only in the Czech Republic but in the whole European Union. The paper presents an analysis of life quality disparities among the administrative districts of the South-Moravian region (Jihomoravský kraj): Blansko, Brno-City, Brno-Province, Břeclav, Hodonín, Vyškov and Znojmo. The region of South Moravia belongs to the regions with a significant economic potential. However, not all districts contribute to this potential equally, the reason being their size, population and life quality. Life quality is affected by the environmental, social and cultural resources and by the region's economic performance. It can be viewed from various aspects. The work is focused on the life quality indicators of social and cultural resources, which assess demographic development, age and intelligence structures, employment, unemployment and labour market, health care standard and civil amenities. The statistical analysis of the acquired data was made by using the methods of regression and correlation analyses and the cluster analysis.

During the years 1993–2001 the monitoring of the soil surface invertebrates was carried out in the flood- plain forest in the Ranšpurk National Nature Reserve (Southern Moravia). The dynamics of carabid beetles is described in detail in this paper. A total of 8 529 individuals belonging to 67 carabid species was collected. The most abundant species were Pterostichus niger (Schaller, 1783), Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius, 1792), Carabus ullrichi Germar, 1824, Carabus violaceus Linnaeus, 1758, Abax carinatus (Duftschmid, 1812), Patrobus atrorufus (Stroem, 1768), Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798), Carabus granulatus Linnaeus, 1758, Poecilus cupreus (Linnaeus, 1758), Bembidion mannerheimi C. R. Sahlberg, 1827 and Epaphius secalis (Paykull, 1790). During the years 1993–1996 the species composi- tion indicated especially the drainage of the locality. In July 1997, a disastrous flood affected all groups of invertebrates, including the carabids. The abundance of hygrophilous species increased extremely during the years after the flood. The summer flood showed that the submersion of the soil surface had higher impact on carabid taxocenoses than flooding by system of canals.

Pheromone traps were used to monitor the following tortricid moths, i.e. Adoxophyes orana, Archips podanus, A. rosanus, Hedya nubiferana, Pandemis heparana, Spilonota ocellana, Cydia pomonella, Cydia funebrana and Cydia molesta in the localities Brno-Tuřany (Brno-město), Nebovidy (Brno-venkov) and Prakšice (Uherské Hradiště). Other Lepidoptera non-target species were present in these target-species pheromone traps, i.e. Adoxophyes orana, Agrotis segetum, Amphipoea oculaea, Archips rosanus, Celypha striana, Cydia coronillana, Enarmonia formosana, Epiblema scutulanum, Epinotia huebneriana, Eucosma fervidana, Euxoa tritici, Hedya pruniana, H. nubiferana, Lymantria dispar, Noctua pronuba, Notocelia rosaecolana, N. roborana, Pammene albuginana, P. suspectana, Pandemis cerasana, Pyrausta rectefascialis, P. aurata, Spilonota ocellana, Yponomeuta malinellus and Zygaena purpuralis.

In the localities Brno-Tuřany (Brno-město) and Prakšice (Uherské Hradiště) pheromone traps were used to monitor tortricid moths Adoxophyes orana, Archips podanus, A. rosanus, Hedya nubiferana, Pandemis heparana, Spilonota ocellana, Cydia pomonella, Cydia funebrana and Cydia molesta. Other moths species were also present in these pheromone traps for target species: Pammene albuginana, Cydia coronilana, Notocelia rosaecolana, Hedya pruniana, noctua pronuba, Ypponomeuta malinellus, Pyrausta rectefascialis and P. aurata.

This article compares the nature of academia-business collaboration in the two most innovative Czech regions, where the respective regional decision-makers and universities' representatives differ sharply in their approaches towards the commercialization of academic knowledge. An analysis of the nature of collaboration between life-science researchers in two leading Czech universities and private companies has been performed to identify whether targeted support provided at the regional and university levels can make a real difference and can overcome hindrances from the national level. In particular, the article investigates the motivation and approaches of leaders of life-science research teams to cooperation with private companies, the perceived barriers impeding such cooperation, including the strength of demand for innovation in both analyzed regions. The research identified significant differences in the perception of barriers between life scientists in Prague and South Moravia, vindicating the positive role of the South Moravian innovation strategy. Thus, researchers in South Moravia no longer face barriers preventing the emergence of cooperation with the business sector, and instead they are concerned about obstacles that stand in the way of its more intensive development [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A survey on the occurrence of plum pox virus (PPV) in plums, myrobalans, blackthorns, apricots and peaches was carried out in the South Moravian region along the Austrian border. Results of tests by ELISA and evaluation of PPV symptoms showed only scattered or isolated occurrence of PPV. This situation can be used for gradual elimination of PPV in the South Moravian region.

During 2009–2011, a total of 45 two-day captures of mosquitoes (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae) were made at six sites in the Lower Dyje River Basin. Trapping was performed from early April through the end of October using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) miniature light traps baited with carbon dioxide (CO2). In total, 415,218 female mosquitoes belonging to six genera and 30 species were captured. In early April, only small numbers of wintering species females (Culex pipiens s.l.,Culiseta annulataandAnopheles maculipennis s.l.) were detected. From mid-April, there was a sharp increase in the occurrence of snow-melt species (Aedes cataphylla,Ae. intrudensand, sporadically,Ae. communisandAe. leucomelas, totalling 2090 females). Their occurrence peaked in early May, but they gradually ceased flying in during June.Ae. sticticusfemales also became active starting in late April, whileAe. cantans s.l.,Ae. vexans,Ae. rossicusand other species were active from early May. The greatest occurrence of mosquitoes was recorded in summer months (from mid-June through the end of August). In this period, the dominant species wereAe. vexans(49.70–80.20%) andAe. sticticus(6.14–25.62%). The speciesAe. rossicus,Ae. cantans s.l.,Cx. pipiens s.l.andCx. modestusalso were very abundant from mid-June to late July. The occurrence of mosquitoes decreased rapidly during September. In the second half of October, only small numbers ofAe. vexans,An. clavigerandCx. pipiens s.l.females were captured, whileAe. cinereus s.l.,Ae. rossicus,Ae. sticticus, Cx. modestus, An. maculipennis s.l.andAn. plumbeuswere seen only very sporadically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the course of season 2010 (May-September), three 2-day trappings of female mosquitoes were carried out at two sites in order to determine the daily activity of the common mosquito species (e.g. species from genus Culex, Aedes, Ochlerotatus, Anopheles, etc.) in the area. CDC light traps filled with CO and placed at a height of 1 m were used to trap individuals, and were sampled every 2 h. A total of 19,604 female mosquitoes from 20 identifiable species were trapped: 7,549 at Sedlec and 12,055 at Kančí obora. The activity of the major species of mosquitoes in South Moravia differed throughout the course of the day. Calamity species of the genus Aedes and Ochlerotatus remained active throughout the day and night, but with different course. Aedes vexans, Ae. cinereus, and Ae. rossicus were most active in the late afternoon and highly active for most of the night. Ochlerotatus sticticus was captured most often in the afternoon, and its abundance decreased rapidly before sunset. The activity of Oc. cantans s.l. (Oc. cantans + Oc. annulipes) females varied little during the day and night. The daily activity for the main vectors of West Nile virus, Culex pipiens and Cx. modestus, were totally different from that of other species. Cx. pipiens females showed significant night activity, while Cx. modestus was most active in the evening. Nighttime activity was also observed in female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Památky Archeologické is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)