60 results on '"sjeverna Hrvatska"'
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2. Simulation of CO2 injection in a depleted gas reservoir: A case study for Upper Miocene sandstone, Northern Croatia.
- Author
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Lekić, Amalia, Jukić, Lucija, Arnaut, Maja, and Macenić, Marija
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GAS reservoirs ,GAS injection ,CARBON sequestration ,SANDSTONE ,EQUATIONS of state - Abstract
Copyright of Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik is the property of Faculty of Mining, Geology & Petroleum Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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3. Characteristics of calves rearing in northern Croatia.
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KONJAČIĆ, Miljenko, BARIČEVIĆ, Ivan, SALAJPAL, Krešimir, KOSTELIĆ, Antun, IVANKOVIĆ, Ante, KELAVA UGARKOVIĆ, Nikolina, GREGOREKHANŽEVAČKI, Milica, and RAMLJAK, Jelena
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CALVES ,CATTLE nutrition ,LIVESTOCK productivity ,LACTATION in cattle ,DAIRY farms ,ANIMAL health - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Central European Agriculture is the property of Journal of Central European Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Primjena optimizacije u online trgovanju – primjer poduzeća u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj
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GAŠPARIĆ, KARLA, GREGUREC, IVA, and DOBRINIĆ, DAMIR
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digital marketing ,online trading ,SEM ,PPC ,SEO ,Northern Croatia ,digitalni marketing ,online trgovanje ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,General Medicine - Abstract
Internet se u ranijim fazama svog nastanka koristio u specifične svrhe poput razmjene informacija unutar velikih poduzeća ili državnih ustanova. Proširenjem dostupnosti krajnjim korisnicima povećavao se i broj informacija koje su se na internetu mogle pronaći. Kako bi korisnici mogli brzo i jednostavno pronaći za njih relevantnu informaciju koriste se tražilice. Korištenjem tražilica u prvi plan vlasnici web stranica stavljaju optimizaciju za tražilice, što je ujedno i fokus ovog rada. Analizom dostupnih sekundarnih izvora podataka postavljena je teorijska osnova pojma i uloge optimizacije, kao i osnovnih dijelova i tipova optimizacije za tražilice. U sklopu empirijskog istraživanja stvoren je anketni upitnik pomoću kojeg je provedeno kvantitativno istraživanje na mikro i malim poduzećima u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj. Anketni upitnik odaslan na e-poštu stručnjaka (za digitalni marketing ili marketing općenito) 52 poduzeća, od čega je 10 stručnjaka u potpunosti odgovorilo na sva pitanja te je na njihovim odgovorima provedena statistička analiza. Cilj je rada spoznati razinu korištenja optimizacije za tražilice kod poduzeća koja posluju na sjeveru Hrvatske uključujući i upoznatost sa samim pojmom optimizacije. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti kako su poduzeća većinom upoznata sa pojmom optimizacije, te istu koriste u svom poslovanju. No, iako koriste brojne faktore koji su važni za povećanje pozicije na tražilicama ipak svjesnost prednosti i uloge optimizacije u poslovanju još uvijek nije u potpunosti formirana., In the earlier stages of its creation, the Internet was used for specific purposes such as the exchange of information within large companies or government institutions. By expanding the availability to end users, the amount of information that could be found on the Internet also increased. In order for users to be able to quickly and easily find relevant information for them, they use search engines. By using search engines, website owners prioritize search engine optimization, which is the focus of this paper. By collecting secondary data, the theoretical basis of the concept and role of optimization was created, as well as the basic parts and types of optimization. As part of the empirical research, a survey questionnaire was created with the help of which a quantitative research was conducted on micro and small companies in northern Croatia. The questionnaire was sent to the e-mail of experts (digital marketing or marketing experts in general) of 52 companies, of which 10 experts fully answered all questions and their answers were subjected to statistical analysis presented in the paper. The aim of this paper was to get acquainted with the level of use of optimization by companies operating in the northern Croatia, including familiarity with the concept of optimization. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that companies are mostly familiar with the concept of optimization, which is used in their companies. However, although they use a number of factors that are important for increasing search engine rankings, yet the awareness of the benefits and role of optimization in business is still not fully formed.
- Published
- 2021
5. Promjene zemljišnog pokrova u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj od 1981. do 2011. godine.
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Jogun, Tomislav, Pavlek, Katarina, Belić, Tomislav, Buhin, Smiljan, and Malešić, Nino
- Subjects
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LAND cover , *REMOTE-sensing images , *LANDSAT satellites , *FARMS , *SOCIAL status - Abstract
Changes in land cover are a distinct reflection of alterations within society, and the importance of research on land cover changes can be seen in the potentially negative consequences they have on the environment and population. The subject matter of this particular study consists of the land cover changes in the territory of northern Croatia (Međimurje, Varaždin, and Koprivnica-Križevci Counties) between 1981 and 2011; during which time a significant transformation of the socio-economic system occurred. Methods of remote sensing based on digital images from the Landsat satellite system enabled a supervised classification of land cover into four classes: built-up; agricultural; natural vegetation; and water. The most significant processes of change were an increase in the share of natural vegetation and built-up land, and a decrease in the share of agricultural land. According to the results of the study, the intensity of land cover changes depended on the relief characteristics of the area. The increase in natural vegetation was most intense in hilly areas with mild and medium slopes, and in the flood plains of the rivers Drava and Mura. In densely populated plain areas, the most significant process was the increase in built-up land due to (sub)urbanisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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6. How Efficient are Counties in the Croatian River Drava Basin Region? Reviewing Data Envelopment Analysis Applications
- Author
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Katerina Fotova Čiković, Joško Lozić, and Mario Tomiša
- Subjects
County ,Northern Croatia ,River Drava basin region ,Relative Efficiency ,Data Envelopment Analysis ,Regional Efficiency ,DEA model analize podataka ,Analiza omeđivanja podataka (AOMP) ,Rijeka Drava ,regionalna efikasnost ,relativna učinkovitost ,Sjeverna Hrvatska ,županija ,Dana Envelopment Analysis - Abstract
This paper surveys and presents the applications of the mathematical programming methodology, the Data Envelopment Analysis (hereafter DEA) in the evaluation and measurement of the efficiency and performance of Croatian counties. The aim of this article is to present and analyse the findings regarding the efficiency and performance of counties in the Croatian river Drava basin region (which are Koprivnica – Križevci, Virovitica – Podravina and Međimurje County) and to provide conclusions regarding this region and its regional efficiency. Other goals of this article are to introduce and provide a theoretical background to the DEA methodology as one of the most popular non-parametric methods in efficiency evaluation since its introduction in the revolutionary paper by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes in 1978. This article conducts an in-depth extensive literature review of studies employing the DEA methodology in efficiency evaluation of Croatian counties. The authors have surveyed the Scopus, Web of Science (SSCI and SCI papers) and CROSBI (Croatian Scientific Bibliography) databases using “CROATIA”, “COUNTY” and “DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS” as keywords for the survey. This has resulted in 7 hits in Scopus, 15 on Web of Science and 11 on CROSBI, which ultimately led to a total of 12 papers. This study furthermore reveals the previous work regarding the efficiency of counties in the river Drava basin region as well as an in-depth analysis of their used models, the variable set and their findings. The findings reveal different aspects of efficiency evaluation of Croatian counties with a special focus on counties in the river Drava basin region. Koprivnica – Križevci and Virovitica – Podravina counties have shown high environmental and total-factor energy efficiency, but were least efficient in entrepreneurship and social services for the elderly, respectively. According to the obtained results, Međimurje County is the least efficient county in the analysed region. Moreover, the three analysed Drava basin region counties in most studies show technical inefficiency and efficiency scores below the average. In this sense, counties need to take into consideration these findings and benchmark and copy the best practices from the highly efficient Croatian counties., U radu je primijenjena metodologija matematičkog programiranja AOMP (analiza omeđivanje podataka) modela analize u evaluaciji i mjerenju efikasnosti i uspješnosti hrvatskih županija. Temeljni je cilj ovog članka prikazati i analizirati efikasnost i uspješnost županija uz rijeku Dravu (Koprivničko-križevačke, Virovitičko-podravske i Međimurske županije) te dati zaključke o ovoj regiji i njezinoj regionalnoj efikasnosti. Ostali se ciljevi referiraju na korištenje i tumačenje teoretske pozadine AOMP metodologije. Riječ je o jednoj od najpopularnijih ne parametarskih metoda u evaluaciji efikasnosti od njenog uvođenja u revolucionarni rad Charnesa, Coopera i Rhodesa 1978. godine. U radu se koristi opsežni pregled literature o studijama primjene AOMP metodologije te dubinska evaluacija učinkovitosti hrvatskih županija. Autori su pregledali baze podataka Scopus, Web of Science (SSCI i SCI radovi) i CROSBI (Hrvatska znanstvena bibliografija) koristeći ključne riječi »CROATIA«, »COUNTY« i »DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS« kao ključne riječi za istraživanje. Pronađeno je sedam radova u Scopusu, petnaest na Web of Science i jedanaest na CROSBI-u, što je u konačnici rezultiralo pronalaskom dvanaest relevantnih radova za ovu analizu. Nadalje, ova studija analizira dosadašnji rad na području učinkovitosti županija u podravskoj regiji, kao i dubinsku analizu korištenih modela, skupa varijabli i njihovih nalaza. Rezultati analize otkrivaju različite aspekte evaluacije efikasnosti hrvatskih županija s posebnim naglaskom na županije uz rijeku Dravu. Koprivničko-križevačka i Virovitičko-podravska županija pokazale su visoku ekološku i ukupnu energetsku učinkovitost, ali su bile najmanje učinkovite u poduzetništvu i socijalnim uslugama za starije osobe, sukladno. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, Međimurska županija je najneučinkovitija županija u analiziranoj regiji. Štoviše, tri analizirane podravske županije u većini studija pokazuju tehničku neučinkovitost te ispodprosječnu učinkovitost. U tom kontekstu, županije trebaju uzeti u obzir dobivene rezultate te usporediti i primijeniti najbolje prakse iz visoko učinkovitih hrvatskih županija. Ovaj bi rad mogao poslužiti kao poticaj za veću upotrebu AOMP metodologije kao vrlo relevantne tehnike za ocjenu učinkovitosti i izvedbe, kao i alata za usporedbu u različitim regijama.
- Published
- 2022
7. The First World War and the Social Crisis in Northern Croatia
- Author
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Anušić, Nikola
- Subjects
Prvi svjetski rat ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,društvo ,kriza ,World War I ,Northern Croatia ,Society ,Crisis ,Prvi svjetski rat, sjeverna Hrvatska, društvo, kriza - Abstract
Prvim svjetskim ratom nije bio izazvan samo diskontinuitet razvojnih procesa u hrvatskom društvu, nego i duboka društvena kriza kojom su bili oslabljeni tranzicijski potencijali hrvatskoga društva u poslijeratnom razdoblju. U radu se analizira utjecaj Prvoga svjetskoga rata na društvenu situaciju u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj, donoseći pritom procjenu toga stanja na temelju različitih faktora., Due to agrarian fragmentation, high population density and slow industrialization, northern Croatia was on the brink of a food crisis even before the First World War. During the war, and certainly by 1918, this crisis turned into a general societal crisis. Mobilization of able-bodied men at the beginning of the war, and even more so during the war, had severe consequences for low-productive agricultural production, making the food crisis permanent, and, from 1917, critical. The deepening crisis was particularly affected by rising inflation and price increases, but the final disintegration of the existing society was caused by general chaos, crime and frequent peasant uprisings after the disintegration of the army and the complete paralysis of the state apparatus in 1918. The exclusion of Croatian industry from the wider economic system of the Austro- Hungarian Monarchy, the immediate postwar destruction of large estates and the impoverishment of the agrarian population, who often destroyed the agrarian economy in the struggle for survival, weakened both the economic potential and its regenerative potential. All this shows that the First World War had devastating consequences for Croatian society and that by joining the Yugoslav state union it could not fully capitalize on the development advantages it had gained over other South Slavic societies before the First World War.
- Published
- 2022
8. SIMULACIJA UTISKIVANJA CO2 U NAPUŠTENO PLINSKO LEŽIŠTE: ANALIZA SLUČAJA PJEŠČENJAKA GORNJEGA MIOCENA, SJEVERNA HRVATSKA
- Author
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Amalia Lekić, Maja Arnaut, Lucija Jukić, and Marija Macenić
- Subjects
lcsh:TN1-997 ,Equation of state ,hvatanje i skladištenje CO2 (CCS) ,iscrpljeno plinsko ležište ,simulacija skladištenja CO2 ,pješčenjaci gornjega miocena ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Carbon capture and storage ,Petrology ,lcsh:Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,Water Science and Technology ,carbon capture and storage (CCS) ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,Geology ,Analytical equations ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,lcsh:Geology ,General Energy ,chemistry ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,CO2 storage simulation, the Upper Miocene sandstone, Northern Croatia ,Greenhouse gas ,Reservoir engineering ,Carbon dioxide ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,ECLIPSE (reservoir simulator) ,depleted gas reservoir - Abstract
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is a beneficial greenhouse gas mitigating strategy carried out in the last 20 years. Depleted gas reservoirs are promising candidates for the storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, a depleted gas reservoir in the Upper Miocene sandstone located in Northern Croatia was taken as an example. The purpose of this study was to compare CO2 storage capacity obtained with two analytical equations to total storage capacity obtained through the simulator, in order to validate the equations. The first equation takes the average reservoir pressure and available production data into account, while the other one is more general and includes produced volume, CO2 density and formation volume factor of the original fluid. The tools used for these calculations were Schlumberger PVTi software, in which the equation of state was obtained, and ECLIPSE (E300 Module) which is a reservoir engineering simulator used for reservoir behaviour prediction. The results conformed analytical solutions, indicating that, depending on the depth, the mass of the CO2 that can be injected is twice as big as the mass of CH4 produced. The results of analytical solutions, 16.7 × 106 m3 and 14.6 × 106 m3, are in accordance with the results obtained by the simulation of CO2 injection in depleted reservoirs - 16.2 × 106 m3. Based on this, a conclusion is derived that these analytical solutions can be used as a first approximation of injection in a depleted gas reservoir., Tehnologija hvatanja i skladištenja ugljičnoga dioksida (CCS) koristan je dio strategije smanjenja stakleničkih plinova u posljednjih 20 godina. Iscrpljena plinska ležišta obećavajući su kandidati za skladištenje CO2. Cilj je rada usporediti kapacitete skladištenja CO2, dobivene dvjema analitičkim metodama, te usporediti rezultate s kapacitetom skladištenja kao rezultat simulacije i na taj način potvrditi analitičke metode. Prvi analitički izraz uzima u obzir prosječni ležišni tlak i dostupne podatke o proizvodnji. Drugi je izraz općenitiji te uključuje volumen proizvodnje, gustoću CO2 i volumni faktor formacije originalnoga fluida. Za potrebe rada korišteni su softveri Schlumberger PVTi za proračun jednadžbe stanja i ECLIPSE (modul E300) za ležišno modeliranje. Rezultati simulacije potvrdili su analitička rješenja, što upućuje na mogućnost utiskivanja dva puta veće mase CO2 od proizvedenoga CH4, ovisno o dubini ležišne stijene. Iako jedno rješenje pokazuje nešto višu (16.7 × 106 m3), a drugo nešto nižu (14.6 × 106 m3) procjenu količina CO2 koje bi se mogle utisnuti u ležište od simulacije (16.2 × 106 m3), oba rješenja mogu se koristiti za prve procjene i analize s obzirom na to da su razlike neznatne.
- Published
- 2019
9. Spatial analysis of existing and potential manufacturing industry locations in Northern Croatia
- Author
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Cmrečnjak, Josip and Valožić, Luka
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prerađivačka industrija ,prostorni razmještaj ,spatial distribution ,Sjeverna Hrvatska ,manufacturing industry ,Northern Croatia ,industrial location factors ,lokacijski faktori industrije ,INTERDISCIPLINARNA PODRUČJA ZNANOSTI. Geografija. Društvena geografija ,INTERDISCIPLINARY AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE. Geography. Social Geography ,GIS - Abstract
Prerađivačka industrija predstavlja djelatnost koja zapošljava najveći udio zaposlenih na istraživanom prostoru. Postojeće lokacije poslovnih subjekata djelatnosti prerađivačke industrije kartirane su i analizirane pomoću različitih GIS alata i programa. Pregledom relevantne literature, u radu su, na temelju lokacijskih teorija i faktora smještaja industrije, odabrani faktori u odnosu na koje su lokacije kartiranih poslovnih subjekata analizirane. Rezultati prostorne analize potvrdili su važnost tih faktora za postojeće lokacije prerađivačke industrije istraživanog prostora, a također su korišteni i pri odabiru kriterija za odabir najpovoljnijeg područja za potencijalne lokacije prerađivačke industrije. Kartografskim prikazom poslovnih subjekata prerađivačke industrije identificirani su dijelovi županija i županijskih središta u kojima se koncentrira ta djelatnost. The largest number of people in the study area work in the manufacturing industry. Existing locations of business entities from the manufacturing industry were mapped and analyzed using various GIS tools and programs. After reviewing the relevant literature on location theories and location factors of the industry, certain factors were selected and analyzed in relation to mapped locations of business entities. The results of the spatial analysis confirmed the importance of these factors for the existing locations of the manufacturing industry. These factors were also used in selecting the criteria for choosing the most suitable area for potential locations of the manufacturing industry. By locating manufacturing industry business entities on maps, parts of counties and county centers in which this activity is the most concentrated were identified.
- Published
- 2021
10. ROMAN ROAD STATIONS IN THE TERRITORY OF NORTHERN CROATIA IN LATE ANTIQUE ITINERARIES
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Anđelović, Matea and Matijević, Vinka
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HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Archeology. Ancient Archeology ,communications ,itinerarij ,rimske ceste ,kasna antika ,Pannonia ,komunikacije ,northern Croatia ,itinerary ,Late Antiquty ,roman roads ,road stops ,mansiones ,putne postaje ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Arheologija. Antička arheologija ,Panonija ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
Ovaj rad temelji se na istraživanju izvorne građe, rezultata arheoloških istraživanja te relevantne literature. Dotiče se pitanja važnosti rimskih puteva i komunikacija, pravnom ustroju i razdiobi istih. Rimljani su težili iskorištavanju prirodne topografije u svrhu širenja komunikacija unutar Carstva te u tome vidimo značajnost područja sjeverne Hrvatske gdje se rimske ceste protežu uz rijeke Savu, Dravu i Dunav. U ovome radu raspravlja se o prometnim komunikacijama u provinciji Panoniji, te se pozornost posvećuje putnim postajama - mansiones, uzduž bitnih rimskih puteva ovog područja i identifikaciji njihova slijeda s naglaskom na literarne izvore u kasnoantičkim itinerarima. This paper is based on research into source material, archaeological knowledge and relevant literature. Concerning the importance of Roman roads and communications, the legal structuration and distribution of the same, Romans sought to exploit the natural topography for the purpose of expanding communications within the Empire, and in this we see the importance of northern Croatia where the Roman roads extend along the rivers Sava, Drava and Danube. This paper discusses road communications in the province of Pannonia, and focuses on road stops - mansiones, along the important Roman roads of the area, and identifying their sequence with emphasis on literary sources in late antique itineraries.
- Published
- 2021
11. The influence of location and attractiveness of shopping centers on consumer behavior on the example of northern Croatia
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Mađerić, Manuel and Vuković, Dijana
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lokacija ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Marketing ,potrošači ,attractiveness ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. Marketing ,consumerism ,consumer behavior ,consumers ,Trgovački centar ,konzumerizam ,Sjeverna Hrvatska ,atraktivnost ,potrošačko ponašanje ,Northern Croatia ,Shopping center ,location - Abstract
Trgovački centri su planirane koncentracije maloprodajnih prostora koji omogućuju potrošnju, to su mjesta na kojima se često provodi slobodno vrijeme, mjesta druženja i zabave. Razvojem trgovačkih centara sve više se spominje konzumerizam. Značenje konzumerizam često se poistovjećuje kao nezaustavljivo i besmisleno kupovanje, najčešće bespotrebnih proizvoda. Konzumerizam je globalna navika i ljudi imaju naviku kupovati iznad svojih potreba. Međutim konzumerizam se može pojasniti i na kontradiktoran način, on predstavlja skup mjera kojima je svrha zaštita potrošača. Uz pojmove trgovački centar i konzumerizam neizostavno povezan pojam je ponašanje potrošača. Potrošačko ponašanje predstavlja istraživanje pojedinca ili grupa prilikom kupnje. Istraživanjem ponašanja potrošača pokušava se saznati: koji čimbenici utječu na njihovu kupnju, njihove želje ali isto tako njihova mišljenja o proizvodu nakon kupnje. Postoji niz čimbenika koji utječu na potrošačev odabir omiljenog trgovačkoga centra, a lokacija i atraktivnost trgovačkog centra su jedan bitan faktor. Ovim istraživanjem pokušat će se utvrditi utjecaj lokacije i atraktivnosti trgovačkih centara na ponašanje potrošača na primjeru Sjeverne Hrvatske. Prilikom istraživanja trgovačkih centara Sjeverne Hrvatske fokusirat će se na: Varaždinsku, Koprivničko-križevačku i Međimursku županiju. Sami trgovački centri u navedenim županijama, svojom veličinom u odnosu na broj populacije, također u navedenim županijama, su relevantni za provedbu istraživanja u Sjevernoj Hrvatskoj. Shopping malls are planned concentrations of retail spaces which enable consumption, these are places where a lot of free time is spent, places for socializing and entertainment. With the development of shopping malls, consumerism is increasingly mentioned. The meaning of consumerism often appears as an unstoppable and meaningless purchase, most often of unnecessary products. Consumerism is a global habit and people have a habit of shopping beyond their needs. However, consumerism can also be explained in a contradictory way, it is a set of measures aimed at consumer protection. The notion of shopping center and consumerism is inextricably linked to the notion of consumer behavior. Consumer behavior is the research of an individual or group during a purchase. Researching consumer behavior tries to find out: what factors influence their purchase, their desires but also their opinions about production after purchase. There are few factors that affect consumers' choice of favorite shopping mall, the location and attractiveness of the shopping mall is one important factor. This research will try to determine the impact of locations and attractiveness of shopping centers on consumer behavior on the example of Northern Croatia. The research of shopping centers in Northern Croatia will focus on the following counties: Varaždinska, Koprivničko-križevačka i Međimurska. The shopping centers in these counties, due to their size and in relation to the number of populations, also in these counties, are relevant for the implementation of research in Northern Croatia.
- Published
- 2021
12. Arheologija srednjovjekovnih utvrda, naselja i groblja sjeverne Hrvatske
- Author
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Tkalčec, Tatjana, Sekelj Ivančan, Tajana, and Krznar, Siniša
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arheologija ,srednji vijek ,utvrde ,naselja ,groblja ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
U knjizi se donose rezultati arheoloških istraživanja srednjovjekovnih utvrda, naselja i groblja na prostoru sjeverne Hrvatske.
- Published
- 2021
13. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMMUNICATION OF VOLUNTEERS IN REAL AND DIGITAL INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
- Author
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VIDAČEK HAINŠ, VIOLETA
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Volunteering ,service learning ,international collaboration ,social disadvantage groups ,digital technology ,digitalni marketing ,online trgovanje ,SEM ,PPC ,SEO ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
Važnost društveno odgovornog poslovanja predstavlja izazov u lokalnom i međunarodnom okruženju. U radu je opisan primjer umrežavanja studenata i volontera u okviru međunarodne razmjene stipendista McNair TRIO programa iz SAD-a i studenata volontera iz Varaždina. Ciljevi međunarodne suradnje studenata iz Varaždina, Chicaga, Orlanda i Pittsburgha su poticanje profesionalnih i društvenih kompetencija komuniciranja u međunarodnom okruženju te podizanje svijesti o potrebama pojedinaca, pripadnika socijalno osjetljivih skupina kroz projekte volontiranja. Program suradnje sadrži komponentu društveno korisnog učenja, volontiranja, interkulturnog učenja i znanstveno-stručnu komponentu. Studenti se umrežavanju u međunarodne istraživačke timove i pripremaju projekte vezane uz uključivanje socijalno osjetljivih skupina (studenti s invaliditetom, nižeg socioekonomskog statusa, pripadnici nacionalnih manjina ...) u proces visokog obrazovanja. Komunikacija se odvija kontaktno i uz uporabu digitalnih tehnologija. Evaluacija kvalitete provedenih projekta napravljena je temeljem kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih pokazatelja, prikupljene pozitivne povratne informacije. Stečena znanja i kompetencije mogu podići konkurentnost studenata prilikom budućeg zapošljavanja., The importance of corporate social responsibility is a challenge in both in local and international environments. The article presents networking examples of students and volunteers who participated in international McNair Scholars Exchange Program from the USA and students from Varaždin, Croatia. The goals of international collaboration between students from Varaždin, Chicago, Orlando and Pittsburgh are the development of professional and social competences for communication in an international environment and the raising of awareness for the individual needs of social disadvantaged groups though volunteering projects. This collaboration program includes elements of service learning and volunteering, intercultural learning and scientific professional components. Students are networking in international research teams and preparing projects linked to socially disadvantaged groups/students with disabilities, socially/economically disadvantaged backgrounds and the national minority in the process of higher education. Students communicate with direct use of digital technology. The quality evaluation includes quantitative and quality measurement and provides positive feedback. Acquiring knowledge and competences could raise the students’ level of competitiveness in future employment.
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- 2021
14. Razvoj tekstilne industrije u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj – od zanatskih radionica do industrijskih divova
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Martinčić, Ozana and Benčić, Z.
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tekstilna industrija ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija - Abstract
Iako su se prve tekstilne zanatsko-industrijske radionice u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj pojavile već potkraj XIX. st., hrvatska tekstilna industrija nije se u većoj mjeri razvijala sve do kraja Prvog svjetskog rata. Jedno je od najstarijih i najdugovječnijih poduzeća na tom području Čateks, sljednik bojadisaonice platna osnovane 1874. u Čakovcu. Nakon Prvog svjetskog rata osnovane su tvornice iz kojih su se s vremenom razvila velika poduzeća: Međimurska trikotaža Čakovec, Varteks i Varaždinska industrija svile iz Varaždina, Krateks iz Krapine, Zagorska industrija vunenih tkanina iz Zaboka i dr. Donošenjem nove carinske tarife 1925., domaćoj tekstilnoj industriji bio je osiguran bolji i brži razvoj te se 1930-ih profilirala kao jedna od razvijenijih proizvodnih djelatnosti u Jugoslaviji. Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata počeo je postupak nacionalizacije poduzeća. Obnova tekstilne industrije počela je 1950-ih primjenom suvremenije tehnike i tehnologije, čemu je pogodovala i sve veća uporaba kemijskih vlakana u proizvodnji te porast osobne potrošnje. Broj zaposlenih ubrzano je rastao te tijekom 1970-ih i 1980-ih vrhunac. U procesu gospodarske tranzicije potkraj 1990- ih i početkom 2000-ih počeli su procesi privatizacije. Neka od poduzeća nastavila su djelovati u smanjenom opsegu s promijenjenim proizvodnim asortimanom, dok su neka dospjela u stečaj ili se potpuno ugasila.
- Published
- 2020
15. Zdenko Vinski i istraživanja gradišta razvijenog i kasnog srednjeg vijeka u Hrvatskoj
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Tkalčec, Tatjana, Jarak, M., and Bunčić, M.
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Zdenko Vinski ,arheološka iskopavanja ,utvrde ,gradišta ,plemstvo ,srednji vijek ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
Dr. Zdenko Vinski pokrenuo je prva arheološka istraživanja gradišta u Hrvatskoj. Njegovi pionirski radovi na toj istraživačkoj temi, započeti sredinom 20. stoljeća probnim iskopavanjem gradišta kod Svetog Petra Ludbreškog i Mrsunjskog luga kod Brodskog Stupnika, pobudili su daljnji interes arheologa za ovom vrstom lokaliteta. U radu se daje pregled svih arheološki istraživanih gradišta i nove spoznaje koje je arheologija polučila o ovom tipu lokaliteta na prostoru sjeverne Hrvatske. Prvobitne postavke dr. Zdenka Vinskoga o ranosrednjovjekovnoj dataciji gradišta u Hrvatskoj možda su promijenjene, no znanstveni ciljevi su ostvareni: istraživanja dr. Vinskoga otvorila su put našim novim spoznajama o tome da je pojava lokaliteta tipa gradište u Hrvatskoj karakteristična za razdoblje razvijenog i kasnog srednjeg vijeka.
- Published
- 2020
16. STOJAN DIMITRIJEVIĆ I ISTRAŽIVANJA ENEOLITIKA U SJEVERNOJ HRVATSKOJ.
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MARKOVIĆ, Zorko
- Abstract
Copyright of Opuscula Archaeologica is the property of Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Land cover changes in northern Croatia from 1981 to 2011
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Katarina Pavlek, Tomislav Belić, Tomislav Jogun, Smiljan Buhin, and Nino Malešić
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Land use ,business.industry ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Environmental resource management ,Forestry ,Land cover ,Geography ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,Agricultural land ,Urbanization ,promjene zemljišnog pokrova ,Landsat ,nadzirana klasifikacija ,satelitske snimke ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,Satellite imagery ,land cover changes ,satellite images ,supervised classification ,northern Croatia ,business ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Promjene zemljišnog pokrova vidljiv su odraz promjena u društvu, a važno ih je proučavati zbog njihovih potencijalno negativnih posljedica na okoliš i stanovništvo. Predmet su ovoga istraživanja promjene zemljišnog pokrova na području sjeverne Hrvatske (Međimurska, Varaždinska i Koprivničko-križevačka županija) u razdoblju između 1981. i 2011. godine, tijekom kojega je došlo do velike promjene u društvenogospodarskom sustavu. Metode daljinskih istraživanja temeljene na digitalnim snimkama satelitskog sustava Landsat omogućile su nadziranu klasifikaciju zemljišnog pokrova u četiri klase: izgrađeno, poljoprivredno zemljište, prirodna vegetacija i voda. Najvažnijim procesima promjena pokazali su se porast udjela prirodne vegetacije i izgrađenog zemljišta te smanjenje udjela poljoprivrednih površina. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da se intenzitet promjena zemljišnog pokrova mijenjao ovisno o reljefnim obilježjima područja. Porast prirodne vegetacije bio je najintenzivniji u brežuljkastim područjima blagog i srednjeg nagiba te u polojima rijeka Drave i Mure. U gusto naseljenim ravničarskim područjima najčešći je bio porast izgrađenog zemljišta zbog utjecaja (sub)urbanizacije., Changes in land cover are a distinct reflection of alterations within society, and the importance of research on land cover changes can be seen in the potentially negative consequences they have on the environment and population. The subject matter of this particular study consists of the land cover changes in the territory of northern Croatia (Međimurje, Varaždin, and Koprivnica-Križevci Counties) between 1981 and 2011; during which time a significant transformation of the socio-economic system occurred. Methods of remote sensing based on digital images from the Landsat satellite system enabled a supervised classification of land cover into four classes: built-up; agricultural; natural vegetation; and water. The most significant processes of change were an increase in the share of natural vegetation and built-up land, and a decrease in the share of agricultural land. According to the results of the study, the intensity of land cover changes depended on the relief characteristics of the area. The increase in natural vegetation was most intense in hilly areas with mild and medium slopes, and in the flood plains of the rivers Drava and Mura. In densely populated plain areas, the most significant process was the increase in built-up land due to (sub)urbanisation.
- Published
- 2017
18. Nematerijalna kulturna baština sjeverne Hrvatske u funkciji turizma
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Vincek, Ines and Bertoša, Slaven
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north Croatia ,UNESCO ,očuvanje ,preservation ,turizam ,tourism ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics ,intangible cultural heritage ,nematerijalna kulturna baština ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
Cilj ovog diplomskog rada naslova Nematerijalna kulturna baština sjeverne Hrvatske u funkciji turizma bio je analizirati nematerijalnu kulturnu baštinu odabranog područja i njen turistički potencijal. Analiza nematerijalnih kulturnih dobra područja sjeverne Hrvatske ukazuje kako područje obiluje nematerijalnom kulturnom baštinom koja je još uvijek očuvana uglavnom u izvornom obliku. Značajan dio te baštine nalazi se i na popisu Registra kulturne baštine Republike Hrvatske, a čak četiri nematerijalna kulturna doba na UNESCO-ovoj listi nematerijalne kulturne baštine. Neka od analiziranih kulturnih dobra, poput medičarskog obrta i izrade tradicionalnih igračaka, već su poznate turističke atrakcije na globalnoj razini. Kako bi se mogao prepoznati stvarni turistički potencijalu nematerijalne kulturne baštine provedena je i analiza turističkih kretanja koja ukazuju na kontinuirani rast turističkih dolazaka i noćenja na području sjeverne Hrvatske. Na kraju rada dane su smjernice i preporuke za daljnji razvoj nematerijalne kulturne baštine Hrvatske u funkciji turizma. The aim of this graduate thesis named Intangible cultural heritage of north Croatia in function of tourism was to analize intangible heritage of selected area and its tourism potential. The analysis of the intangible cultural heritage of north Croatia indicates that the area abounds with intangible cultural heritage which is still mainly preserved in its original form. A significant part of this heritage is also on the list of the Cultural Heritage Registry of the Republic of Croatia out of which four are added on the UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Some of the analized cultural heritage such as gingerbread craft and prouction of traditional toys are already well-known tourist attractions on a global scale. In order to identify the real tourist potential of intangible cultural heritage, the analysis of tourism trends has been conducted and its results point to continuous growth of tourist arrivals and overnight stays in the north Croatia. At the end of the thesis there were given guidelines and recommendations for further development of the intangible cultural heritage of Croatia in function of tourism.
- Published
- 2019
19. Tekstilna industrija sjeverne Hrvatske u razdoblju od 1918. do 1929. - poslovanje tvrtki Tivar i VIS
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Kristina Maršić and Josip Petric
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tekstilna industrija ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,Tekstilna industrija Varaždin d.d. (Tivar) ,Varaždinska industrija svile d.d. (VIS) - Abstract
U radu je prikazan razvoj i poslovanje tekstilne industrije u razdoblju od 1918. do 1929. godine na novonastalom gospodarskom i geografskom području sjeverne Hrvatske. Za VIS je zbog nedostatka podataka za razdoblje do 1929. razmatrano i razdoblje nakon 1929. godine. Istaknut je doprinos koji je upravo ova industrija imala za razvoj sjeverne, ali i cijele Hrvatske kao i njezin doprinos razvoju drugih industrija. Prema podacima u razdoblju od 1918. do 1929. godina na tom području poslovalo oko 90 tekstilnih poduzeća u kojima je bilo zaposleno oko 10 000 ljudi čime se tekstilna industrija nalazila na samom vrhu gospodarskih grana tog razdoblja. U radu je dan poseban osvrt na dvije velike tvornice koje su svojim poslovanjem obilježile tekstilnu industriju tog vremena i prostora. Opisani su počeci rada i promjene u osnivanju i strukturi poslovanja vodećih tekstilnih poduzeća tog razdoblja i to Tekstilne industrije Varaždin d.d. (osnovane 1918. godine) poznate pod nazivom TIVAR i Varaždinske industrije svile d.d. (osnovane 1929. godine) poznate pod nazivom VIS.
- Published
- 2019
20. Osvrt: Miocen sjeverne Hrvatske: od blata do zlata
- Author
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Sremac, Jasenka and Velić, Josipa
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Miocen ,Sjeverna Hrvatska ,knjiga: osvrt - Abstract
Povodom istoimene izložbe u Hrvatskom prirodoslovnom muzeju, u travnju 2018. održana je promocija knjige 'Miocen sjeverne Hrvatske: od blata do zlata'. Autori izložbe i knjige, djelatnici HPM-a Davor Vrsaljko, Marija Bošnjak i Sanja Japundžić, opisali su stijene, fosile i geotektonske procese, koji su tijekom miocena utjecali na naš Panonski prostor.
- Published
- 2018
21. Monuments to Jewish victims in the WWI in the North Croatian area in the context of their interwar position
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Ljiljana Dobrovšak
- Subjects
Jevreji - Prvi svetski rat ,Jevreji - spomenici - severna Hrvatska ,Prvi svjetski rat ,Židovi ,spomenici ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,Jews - monuments - northern Croatia ,Prvi svjetski rat, Židovi, spomenici, sjeverna Hrvatska ,Jews - World War I ,Židovi - Prvi svjetski rat ,Židovi - spomenici - sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
Autorica piše o spomenicima koji su podignuti u međuratnom razdoblju stradalim Židovima u vrijeme Prvoga svjetskoga rata. Na temelju svojih istraživanja autorica je otkrila tri zajednička spomenika stradalim hrvatskim Židovima u Prvom svjetskom ratu u Zagrebu 1930., Koprivnici 1934. i Križevcima 1935. godine. Prema dostupnoj dokumentaciji i postojećim izvorima, opisala je okolnosti izgradnje spomenika, vrijeme postavljanja te njihov trenutni izgled i stanje. While no military operations were conducted on the territory of the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia (then part of Austria-Hungary), its people, regardless of their religious affiliation or nationality, nonetheless had to participate in the War since they were members of a belligerent state. The Jewish community in Croatia participated in the Austro-Hungarian Army in the First World War, took on the same war-related burdens as the other inhabitants of the country, and some Jews rose to prominent positions in the Army or the Croatian Home Guard. It is difficult to determine the number of Jewish victims of the First World War because summary data on the Croatian losses in the First World War in general, or on Croatian Jewish losses in particular (died in military operations, died of wounds, died from epidemics contacted on the fronts), is practically non-existent. While there are exceptions, dead Jewish soldiers were, for the most part, buried near their place of death; their bodies were rarely returned to their native lands, and their parents usually didn’t inscribe their names on family tombs. As far as it is currently known, only three of the 33 Jewish communities that existed in the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia before the First World War (28 of which have been included in this study) have erected cenotaphs for the Croatian Jews who perished in the First World War. The first cenotaph was erected in Zagreb in 1930, the second in Koprivnica in 1934, and the third in Križevci in 1935. The cenotaphs in Zagreb and Križevci still exist in their original forms, while the one in Koprivnica has been modified and now also encompasses the victims of the Holocaust. In addition, a collective monument to all the victims of the First World War, including the local Jews, was erected in Čakovec (which was part of Hungary during the War) in 1929. It is not known whether collective monuments for Jewish soldiers who died in the War exist in other Croatian settlements with local Jewish communities, and there are very few remaining and preserved family tombstones and cenotaphs with detailed inscriptions on the Jewish soldiers who fell during the First World War.
- Published
- 2017
22. STOJAN DIMITRIJEVIĆ I ISTRAŽIVANJA ENEOLITIKA U SJEVERNOJ HRVATSKOJ
- Author
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Zorko Marković
- Subjects
Stojan Dimitrijević ,the Copper Age ,northern Croatia ,chronology ,radiocarbon analyses ,Philosophy ,Humanities ,eneolitik ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,kronologija ,radiokarbonske analize - Abstract
Ogroman je doprinos prof. dr. Stojana Dimitrijevića arheološkim istraživanjima i spoznajama obuhvaća i istraživanja te sintetske objave eneolitičkih kultura u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj. Njegova kronologija pretrpjela je izmjene, pogotovo za rani i srednji eneolitik, zahvaljujući prvenstveno većemu broju radiokarbonskih istraživanja i nastavku proučavanja eneolitika od strane više mlađih istraživača., Professor Stojan Dimitrijević’s contribution to archaeological research and knowledge includes both excavations and synthetic publications of Copper Age cultures in northern Croatia. His chronologies went through many changes, especially regarding the Early and Middle Copper Age, thanks to numerous radiocarbon research and continual study of the Copper Age by many young researchers.
- Published
- 2014
23. Je li postojao običaj polaganja novca u kasnosrednjovjekovne/ ranonovovjekovne grobove na prostoru sjeverne Hrvatske?
- Author
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Siniša Krznar
- Subjects
sjeverna Hrvatska ,kasnosrednjovjekovna i ranonovovjekovna groblja ,novac ,simbolizam - Abstract
U radu se raspravlja o postojanju običaja polaganja kovanica u kasnosrednjovjekovne i ranonovovjekovne grobove na prostoru sjeverne Hrvatske i simboličnom značenju toga novca. Osim putem arheoloških nalaza, ovo pitanje se pokušava rasvijetliti i na temelju etnološke literature., This paper focuses on the custom of enclosing coins in the graves of the deceased on late mediaeval and early modern cemeteries in northern Croatia. The main problem encountered while studying this custom is the lack of multidisciplinary research of the cemeteries of the mentioned time period and especially the lack of high quality publications. The discoveries from the graves can mainly be divided into three categories: 1. parts of traditional costumes, 2. jewellery and 3. objects tied to religious beliefs. The last category can further be divided into two groups. One group would consist of devotionals (crosses, rosaries, medallions of saints...) which were relatively frequent in early modern graves and depict the personal religiousness of the deceased within the regular Catholic system. The other group consists of objects which can be linked to superstitious or popular beliefs which were maintained parallel with the official religion. This group of symbolic objects is comprised of scissors, knives, sickles, locks, keys, animal teeth and coins. Regardless of the Christian (mainly Catholic) ban of enclosing contributions in graves, coins can be found in many cemeteries from this time period. Coins are commonly connected to the Greek myth about Haron in archaeological literature. The ethnological data, which is much closer to the observed graves in terms of time and culture, gives a much more diverse range of reasons for the monetary contributions - so the deceased can pay for their house, to pay for peace on Earth, to pay for their space, to prevent them from becoming a vampire, to not return, to not leave empty handed, to be paid out, to pay out for the remaining estate or cattle so the deceased would not pull it with them. The coins also served as a reward for paying for the transport, crossing the river, transport to the island of the Blessed, for paying off space or a house in the other world or so that the deceased can pay off his sins. Within the Christian context, as we can see, money and other objects which are occasionally included get a new purpose and serve as a help to the deceased in the passage from life to death and on their journey through purgatory and renewed life during Judgment Day. Based on the archaeological and ethnological data, we can therefore cite several reasons for enclosing coins in a grave on late mediaeval and early modern graves: 1. coins ended up in the grave by accident. 2. coins were placed in the grave next to the deceased on purpose. In this case, the coins had a symbolic role and served for the protection of the living from the deceased or for numerous necessities the deceased may have had in the other world. 3. coins served as decoration, they were placed in the grave because they were sewn onto clothing or repurposed for jewellery 4. coins which are the personal ownership of the deceased. They were placed into the grave as part of a sack on a belt or sewn/hidden in the clothing of the deceased. 5. other reasons which cannot be interpreted to date.
- Published
- 2014
24. Odabir mjesta za pokop djece u novom vijeku na primjeru Crkvara kod Orahovice
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Tkalčec, Tatjana, Krznar, Siniša, Sekelj Ivančan, Tajana, Tkalčec, Tatjana, and Belaj, Juraj
- Subjects
arheologija djetinjstva ,pogrebni obredi i običaji ,dobno formirani identiteti ,faze životnog ciklusa ,novi vijek ,srednji vijek ,Crkvari ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,groblje ,grobni običaj - Abstract
U jedanaest sezona arheoloških istraživanja kod crkve svetog Lovre u Crkvarima pokraj Orahovice istraženo je 559 grobova. Groblje je nastalo vjerojatno već na izmaku ranog srednjeg vijeka, a tijekom razvijenog srednjeg vijeka formirano je uokolo romaničke crkve. Daljnje sakralne faze prate se tijekom kasnog srednjeg vijeka monumentalnim gotičkim izgradnjama, dok na samome izmaku srednjeg vijeka i pragu novog vijeka dolazi do reduciranja sakralne građevine da bi u baroku kapela poprimila današnji izgled. Tijekom čitavog tog vremena položaj je korišten za ukopavanje stanovništva s okolnog područja. Na istraženoj površini, uglavnom okolo same kapele, zamijećen je manji postotak pokopa djece u srednjovjekovnim razdobljima za razliku od brojnih grobova djece iz razdoblja novog vijeka koji čine oko 70% svih grobova djece. Razvidno je kako je u novom vijeku izuzetno velik broj pokopa djece perinatalne dobi i novorođenčadi (46, 25%) te dojenčadi do dvije godine (30, 63%), dok je u srednjem vijeku zastupljenost grobova djece umrle u tako ranoj dobi izuzetno niska (7, 46% za perinatalnu dob i 19, 4 % u dobi od pola godine do kraja druge godine života) Čak 32, 6% djece od ukupnog broja pokopa djece iz svih razdoblja pripada dobnoj skupini do pola godine upravo u novovjekovnome horizontu, a za sljedeću promatranu dobnu skupinu od 0.5 do 2 godine starosti taj broj iznosi 22%. Odnosno, promatrano unutar same dobne skupine, više od 93% sve djece umrle u tako mladim danima do polovine prve godine života pripada razdoblju novoga vijeka. Manja zastupljenost pokopa djece u starijim razdobljima ne ukazuje na manju smrtnost, već na mogućnost da su za njihovo ukopavanje birana druga mjesta. Razvidno je da se u prvoj dobnoj skupini preferira pokopavanje okolo same apside i to tik uz njene zidove. Osim uz njezinu južnu i istočnu stranu, pokopavana su i uz njezinu sjevernu stranu unutar, odnosno, na površini nekadašnje gotičke sakristije. Nakon apsidalne zone, sljedeća omiljena mjesta za pokop djece u toj dobnoj skupini, također s natpolovičnom zastupljenošću grobova tik uz samu arhitekturu, su u južnoj zoni lokaliteta i to tik uz južni zid crkve te nešto manje u zapadnoj zoni ispred pročelja, dok je u sjevernoj zoni pokopavanje prisutno izuzetno rijetko. U članku se analiziraju i ostale dobne skupine djece s obzirom na njihovu zastupljenost i položaje groba na groblju. Djeca svih uzrasta na groblju oko Svetog Lovre u Crkvarima u novome vijeku tretirana su s poštovanjem ne samo pri samome pogrebnom obredu već i u odabiru mjesta za njihov pokop. Izdvaja se dobna skupina male djece koja je imala poseban tretman. Osim što su zonirana uz zidove apside i crkve, podno njenih streha, toj je djeci u većem broju slučajeva prilagan novac u grob nego u grobovima starije djece, odnosno grobovima odraslih osoba. Većinom su pokopana upravo na „najsvetija i najpoželjnija“ mjesta gdje mogu primiti i najveću zaštitu od same crkve – oko apside, na području sakristije, s južne, „svijetle“ strane crkve ili uz zapadno pročelje. S obzirom da u pisanim izvorima niti predajama nisu očuvani podaci da bi crkvarsko groblje moglo biti mjestom hodočašća gdje bi se pokopavala bolesna djeca radi ozdravljenja, ili eventualno nekrštena i čudotvorno „oživjela“ pa pokrštena, te da su na istom prostoru pokopavani i odrasli, nemamo elemenata za pomišljanje o takvoj ulozi groblja. Jesu li neka od novorođene, mrtvorođene djece i prijevremeno rođene djece bila nekrštena, ostaje nam otvorenim pitanjem. Iako je u novom vijeku, osobito u sredinama gdje je provedena reformacija, došlo do odstupanja od strogih regula katoličke crkve u vezi pokopa nekrštene djece, u slučaju Crkvara nemamo elemenata niti za tu mogućnost. Međutim, ne možemo isključiti iz vida osobito visok porast prilaganja novca u novome vijeku koji bi ukazivao na vjerovanja mještana koja nisu u skladu s normama crkve, no u najmanju ruku su tolerirana. Tako se možda tolerira i pokop nekrštene djece. No većina (ili svi?) ih je svakako bila krštena. Djeca čiji su grobovi stavljani ispod same strehe crkve zasigurno su ulazila u koncept vjerovanja da će primiti dodatni blagoslov i zaštitu od crkve preko kišnice koja se slijeva na njihove grobove s posvećenog krova. Jesu li nekrštena djeca imala neko zasebno mjesto pokopa, jednako tako ne možemo isključiti. Istražen je tek uži dio groblja tik uz crkvu, a prostori oko crkvene ograde groblja zahvaćeni su tek na vrlo malim površinama na istočnoj strani lokaliteta u probnim rovovima gdje nisu zamijećeni pokopi djece. Porast udjela djece prve dobne skupine u novome vijeku, spram njenog broja u srednjem vijeku ukazivao bi na drugačije pogrebne običaje u vezi odabira mjesta za pokop u ta dva horizonta, no za srednji vijek još nije načinjeno detaljno istraživanje te o konkretnim razlikama i činjenicama ne možemo govoriti. Za novi vijek možemo ustvrditi da se u topografiji pokopa djece, osobito one najmanje, jasno uočava odražavanje koncepta vjere i života poslije života u pogrebnom običaju, odnosno da su one odlučujući čimbenik u odabiru mjesta za pokop djece. Možda nam se najprihvatljivijim čini poveznica posebno odabranih mjesta i zona za pokopavanje male djece s konceptom i tradicijom vjerovanja u Nevinu dječicu ili u to da će takva, nevina djeca biti anđeli koji će na drugome svijetu zagovarati svoju tugujuću rodbinu.
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- 2014
25. PROF. DR. STOJAN DIMITRIJEVIĆ UTEMELJITELJ KRONOLOŠKE PODJELE STARČEVAČKE KULTURE ZA SJEVERNU REGIJU
- Author
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Kornelija Minichreiter
- Subjects
Stojan Dimitrijević ,Starčevo culture ,Northern Croatia ,starčevačka kultura ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
Prof. dr. Stojan Dimitrijević svojim vrhunskim znanstvenim radom zasadio je stablo moderne prapovijesne arheologije u Hrvatskoj iz kojeg su se razvile brojne grane – njegovi nasljednici koji temeljem njegovih otkrića i znanstvenih mišljenja nastavljaju njegov rad., Professor Stojan Dimitrijević, PhD planted a tree of modern-day prehistoric archaeology in Croatia with his superb scientific work, a tree which now has many branches – his followers continue his work based on his discoveries and scientific opinions.
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- 2014
26. Submontane-sub-pannonian beech forests of northern Croatia
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Vukelić, Joso, Baričević, Dario, and Šapić, Irena
- Subjects
bukove šume ,Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,Fagion sylvaticae ,beech forests ,northern Croatia - Abstract
Standardnom metodom srednjoeuropske fitocenološke škole (Braun-Blanquet 1964) istražena je i opisana nova asocijacija bukove šume s dugolisnom naglavicom – Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum ass. nova, koja se rasprostire u kolinsko-submontanskom pojasu panonskoga gorja sjeverne Hrvatske, na visinama od 200 do 700 m, na lesnim i romboidnim naslagama povrh kojih se najčešće nalazi luvisol. Obilježava ju relativno siromašan i homogen florni sastav, izostanak brojnih vrsta ilirske sveze Aremonio-Fagion (Horvat 1938) Borhidi in Törek, Podani et Borhidi 1989, izrazita prevlast vrsta Festuca drymeia i Carex pilosa te stalnost vrsta srednjoeuropskih bukovih šuma. Svrstana je unutar srednjoeuropske sveze Fagion sylvaticae Laquet 1926. U odnosu na sastav ostalih bukovih šuma iste sinsistematske pripadnosti ističu se dijagnostičke vrste Festuca drymeia, Polystichum setiferum, Cephalanthera longifolia, Rubus hirtus, Tilia tomentosa, Potentilla micrantha i Ruscus hypoglossum. U radu je prikazano 15 novih i 137 već objavljenih fitocenoloških snimaka, na osnovi kojih je analizirana građa, sociološki i sintaksonomski karakter asocijacije Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum te odnos prema srodnim asocijacijama na južnom i jugozapadnom rubu Panonske nizine i u susjednim područjima., A new association of beech forest with Sword-leaved Helleborine – Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum ass. nova was described in the colline-submontane belt of northern Croatia, on the south-western edge of the Pannonian Plain. The method of the Central European Phytocoenological School (Braun-Blanquet 1964) was used in the research. Statistical comparison was performed by using programs TURBOVEG (Hennekens & Schaminée 2001) and PRIMER 6 (Clarke & Gorley 2001). MDA and UPGMA methods were made by use of Bray-Curtis similarity index. The association was presented on the basis of 15 new and 132 already published phytocoenological relevés (Table 1). In Table 2 and Figure 3 the association Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum was compared with the related beech forests of the Illyrian floristic province (north-western Croatia, eastern Slovenia, northern Bosnia), then with the Central European association Galio odorati-Fagetum from the colline-submontane positions of Austria and southern Germany, and finally with beech forests of the Carpathian part of Romania. The association Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum is distributed at altitudes from 200 to 700 m, with terrain inclinations usually ranging between 10 and 20 degrees. It grows in the temperate climate with average temperatures from 9.5 to 10.7 °C and average rainfall from 800 to 1,100 mm. The parent bedrock is made up of loess and rhomboid layers generally overlaid with luvisol in a humus-accumulative horizon of medium acidity (pH about 5). The association is characterized by a relatively poor and homogeneous floristic composition, the absence of numerous species of the Illyrian alliance Aremonio-Fagion (the associations Hacquetio-Fagetum, Lamio orvalae-Fagetum, Vicio oroboidi-Fagetum), the distinct prevalence of the species Festuca drymeia, Carex pilosa and Rubus hirtus, and the constancy of the species of Central European beech forests from the alliance Fagion sylvaticae and the order Fagetalia (Figure 2). Species of warmer and drier sites occur in moderate quantities. A synhorological analysis of the investigated association (according to Poldini 1992) gave the relatively expected results. Of the 206 species, 77 % belong to the widely distributed floral geoelement which does not characterize the southern edge of the Pannonian Plain in any particulars (cosmopolitan, circumboreal, Eurasian, Euro-Siberian, European, Mediterranean-Atlantic and others). In relation to beech forests of the Dinaric region, the studied stands completely lack the Illyrian and south-eastern European species that are important for the alliance Aremonio-Fagion, such as Rhamnus alpinus ssp. fallax, Geranium nodosum, Stellaria nemorum ssp. glochidiosperma, Scopolia carniolica, Euphorbia carniolica, Calamintha grandiflora, Omphalodes verna, and Hacquetia epipacis. The species Cardamine trifolia, Cardamine enneaphyllos, Cardamine kitaibelii, Cardamine chelidonia, Lamium orvala, Vicia oroboides, Aposeris foetida, Aremonia agrimonoides, Epimedium alpinum and Helleborus odorus were recorded individually and sporadically only on the edges of the range and in the boundary region with the communities of the Illyrian character. Only Ruscus hypoglossum and Cyclamen purpurascens are more constant in the entire range of the studied association. A large number of earlier works, especially those taken from the overview composed by an international team of phytocoenologists (Marinček et al. 1993), allow for the conclusion that the community Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum lacks the diagnostic species of the Illyrian alliance Aremonio-Fagion and its sub-alliances, on the basis of which it could be subordinated to them. According to these data and the analysis in Tables 1 and 2, these stands should be classified into the Central European alliance Fagion sylvaticae. The differentiating species towards the association Galio odorati-Fagetum and other Central European associations of the sub-alliance Galio odorati-Fagenion include Festuca drymeia, Polysichum setiferum, Cephalanthera longifolia, Ruscus hypoglossum, Rubus hirtus, Tilia tomentosa, Fraxinus ornus, and Potentilla micrantha. Investigations into the internal structure of these beech stands revealed the local dominance of the facieses of the species Carex pilosa and Festuca drymeia, but in over 60% of the cases they were recorded together. In addition to these two, another very important species in the diagnostic sense is Cephalanthera longifolia, which gave the association its name. This is a warmth-loving species of moderately acid to basic, predominantly dry sites, generally distributed in the colline and montane vegetation belt. Most phytocoenologists classify it into the sub-Mediterranean – Euro-Asian species. Sociologically, it belongs to the class Querco-Fagetea with a mild tendency towards the communities of the order Quercetalia pubescentis. The differentiating species Tilia tomentosa and Potentilla micrantha, with the centre of their distribution lying in the south-eastern part of Europe, are particularly important for the association. This stresses the transitional character of the association (see Figure 1). These investigations greatly contribute to the knowledge of the forest vegetation of Croatia and the boundary region of the Illyrian floristic province. The studied beech forests cover about forty thousand ha in Croatia. They have been described under the following names: Carici pilosae-Fagetum (Pelcer in: Cestar et al. 1983, Rauš et al. 1992, Trinajstić and Franjić 1999, Vukelić and Baričević 2002, 2003, Trinajstić 2007, Vukelić et al. 2007), partly under the name of Festuco drymeiae-Fagetum (Baričević 2002, Škvorc 2006, Škvorc et al. 2011, G. Horvat 2011, non Trinajstić and Cerovečki 2009), then as Polysticho setiferi-Fagetum (Baričević, Vukelić and Šapić 2009), while Marinček (1995) comprised them in the association Vicio oroboidi-Fagetum. The first three names were used earlier to describe the communities in other European areas (Germany, Romania, Slovakia, Italy), to which the stands from Croatia do not belong (compare Moriariu et al. 1968, Magic 1968, Ubaldi 1988, Coldea 1991, Oberdorfer 1992, Zupančič, Žagar and Surina 2000, and others), whereas the fourth community, Vicio oroboidi-Fagetum, differs from the former three by its composition and synsystematic affiliation. On the other hand, this confirms the assumption by Willner (2002) that a new, insufficiently investigated association which is related to the association Galio odorati-Fagetum in its lower positions begins southeast of the Alpine area and the range of the association Galio odorati-Fagetum. Analogously to the understanding of the scope of the association Galio odorati-Fagetum, the newly established association Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum would be relatively widely distributed on the south-western and southern edge of the Pannonian Plain and the transition to the Dinaric and Central Balkan area. Naturally, this does not exclude the establishment of the association Galio odorati-Fagetum southeast of its clearly identified range in the southeast of Austria. In fact, according to the research currently under way, it can be assumed that its south-eastern boundary (which Willner considers unclear) lies precisely in the fresh sites well supplied with nutrients on dystric brown soils above moderately acid substrates of the submontane – montane belt of the Croatian Pannonian mountains (Papuk, Psunj, Krndija). The synsystematic affiliation of association is: Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger 1937 Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawl. 1928 in Pawl. et al. 1928 Fagion sylvaticae Laquet 1926 Galio odorati-Fagenion (Tx. 1955) Th. Müller 1959 Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum Vukelić, Baričević et Šapić ass. nova. hoc.loco. Nomenclature type is relevé 6 in Table 1.
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- 2012
27. ISPITIVANJE UTJECAJA DEMOGRAFSKIH ČIMBENIKA NA TENDENCIJE POTROŠAČKOG ETNOCENTRIZMA U SJEVERNOJ HRVATSKOJ
- Author
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Matea Matić
- Subjects
potrošač ,potrošački etnocentrizam ,demografski čimbenici ,Cetscale ,Sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
Cilj ovog rada je odrediti utjecaj demografskih čimbenika na tendencije potrošačkog etnocentrizma na području Sjeverne Hrvatske. U okviru demografskih, standardiziranih čimbenika osim varijabli spol, dob, obrazovanje i dohodak ispitat će se i utjecaj bračnog statusa pojedinog ispitanika na tendencije potrošačkog etnocentrizma. Ispitivanje je provedeno na uzorku od 179 ispitanika regije sjeverne Hrvatske. Podaci su prikupljeni putem anketnog upitnika koji je obuhvaćao mjernu ljestvicu Cetscale zatvorenog tipa pitanja. Za dobivanje relevantnih rezultata korištena je multivarijatna statistika kao što je faktorska analiza i analize varijance (ANOVA). Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na značajan utjecaj demografskih čimbenika na tendencije etnocentrizma u potrošača na području sjeverne Hrvatske osim varijable spol koja se pokazala statistički nesignifikantnom.
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- 2012
28. Novija razmatranja o nekim aspektima sopotske kulture u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj
- Author
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Zorko Marković
- Subjects
Sopot-Kultur ,Ražište-Typ ,Spätneolithikum ,Seče-Typ ,klassische Kultur der 4. Stufe ,Frühäneolithikum ,Nordkroatien ,sopotska kultura ,Ražište-tip ,kasni neolitik ,Seče-tip ,klasična kultura 4. stupnja ,rani eneolitik ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
U tekstu se obrađuju dva pitanja sopotske kulture u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj. Ražište-tip sopotske kulture u kasnom neolitiku rasprostire se oko Našica u Slavoniji, no u novije vrijeme dokazan je u Golincima kod Donjeg Miholjca, gdje je datiran u vrijeme nešto iznad 5000. god. pr. Kr. Neki njegovi elementi uočeni su i u Novim Perkovcima kod Đakova te na Slavči kod Nove Gradiške i Vidovcima kod Požege, no ova dva lokaliteta se ne mogu pribrojiti Ražište-tipu. Sopotska kultura na početku ranog eneolitika dokazana je Seče-tipom u Podravini i kalničko-bilogorskoj regiji, te istovremenim stupnjem 4 klasične sopotske kulture oko Đakova i Nove Gradiške, no vjerojatno i na Sopotu kod Vinkovaca i Hermanovu vinogradu u Osijeku, o čemu svjedoče i kalibrirani radiokarbonski datumi, koji ih svrstavaju u kraj 5. i, možda, početak 4. tisućljeća pr. Kr., Der Text beschäftigt sich mit zwei Aspekten der Sopot-Kultur in Nordkroatien. Der Ražište-Typ der Sopot-Kultur verbreitet sich im Spätneolithikum um Našice in Slawonien, wurde aber in jüngerer Zeit in Golinci bei Donji Miholjac bestätigt, wo er in die Zeit kurz vor 5000 v. Chr. datiert wurde. Manche Elemente dieses Typs wurden auch in Novi Perkovci bei Đakovo sowie auf Slavča bei Nova Gradiška und Vidovci bei Požega festgestellt, allerdings lassen sich die letzeren zwei Standorte nicht dem Ražište-Typ zurechnen. Die Sopot-Kultur ist am Anfang des Frühäneolithikums durch den Seče-Typ in der Podravina und der Kalnik-Bilogora Region belegt und die gleichzeitige Stufe 4 der klassischen Sopot-Kultur um Đakovo und Nova Gradiška, aber wahrscheinlich auch auf Sopot bei Vinkovci und in Hermanov vinograd [Hermans Weinberg] in Osijek, wovon auch die kalibrierten Radiokarbondaten zeugen, die sie an das Ende des 5. und vielleicht den Anfang des 4. Jahrtausends v. Chr. datieren.
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- 2012
29. Novija razmatranja o nekim aspektima sopotske kulture u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj
- Author
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Marković, Zorko
- Subjects
sopotska kultura ,Ražište-tip ,kasni neolitik ,Seče-tip ,klasična kultura 4. stupnja ,rani eneolitik ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
U tekstu se obrađuju dva pitanja sopotske kulture u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj. Ražište-tip sopotske kulture u kasnom neolitiku rasprostire se oko Našica u Slavoniji, no u novije vrijeme dokazan je u Golincima kod Donjeg Miholjca, gdje je datiran u vrijeme nešto iznad 5000. god. pr. Kr. Neki njegovi elementi uočeni su i u Novim Perkovcima kod Đakova te na Slavči kod Nove Gradiške i Vidovcima kod Požege, no ova dva lokaliteta se ne mogu pribrojiti Ražište-tipu. Sopotska kultura na početku ranog eneolitika dokazana je Seče- tipom u Podravini i kalničko-bilogorskoj regiji te istovremenim stupnjem 4 klasične sopotske kulture oko Đakova i Nove Gradiške, no vjerojatno i na Sopotu kod Vinkovaca i Hermanovu vinogradu u Osijeku, o čemu svjedoče i kalibrirani radiokarbonski datumi, koji ih svrstavaju u kraj 5. i, možda, početak 4. tisućljeća pr. Kr.
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- 2012
30. Die Holzkirche in Lobor – die älteste fränkische Missionarskirche in Nordkroatien
- Author
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Krešimir Filipec
- Subjects
Slawen ,Christianisierung ,Nordkroatien ,Holzkirche ,Slaveni ,kristijanizacija ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,drvena crkva - Abstract
U radu se donose osnovni podaci o drvenoj crkvi u Loboru koja je jedinstveni primjer karolinške gradnje u Hrvatskoj. Riječ je o najstarijoj poznatoj crkvi sjeverne Hrvatske iz koje je kretalo pokrštavanje panonskih Slavena. Raspravlja se o njezinu izgledu, vremenu izgradnje i grobovima koji su uz nju vezani. Drvena crkva sagrađena je početkom 9. stoljeća, a srušena je u 10. stoljeću ili početkom 11. st., Die spätantike Festung und Siedlung in Lobor, zur Mutter Gottes von Gora, befindet sich etwa 60 km nördlich von Zagreb. Anhand einer Aschenanalyse vom Boden des frühchristlichen Baptisteriums und der C–14 Methode erhielt man das kalibrierte Datum 410–580, welches in etwa der Zeit entspricht in der die Slawen–Awaren die Festung eroberten. Die Slawen setzten die spätantike Festung bis spätestens Mitte des 8. Jahrhunderts erneut in Funktion. Bei Ausgrabungen im Jahre 2003 entdeckte man ein Bauwerk, welches im Grundriss die Merkmale einer einschiffigen Kirche mit einer schmalen rechtwinkligen Apsis aufweist. Die Kirche befand sich südlich der Ruine einer altkroatischen Kirche an der Stelle eines slawischen heidnischen Gräberfeldes und hatte eine genaue Orientierung. Die Holzkirche war einschiffig und hatte eine rechtwinklige Apsis und eine Vorhalle an der Frontfassade. Die Länge des Kirchenschiffes betrug mit der Apsis circa 11 m, die Breite etwa 6 m. Die Länge ist schwer zu berechnen, da der Kanal der Apsis ziemlich breit ist. Vor dem Gebäude fand man in etwa ein Meter Entfernung eine weitere Säulengrube, welche auf die Existenz einer Vorhalle vor dem Eingang hindeutet. Lediglich Säulenlöcher oder Gräben in denen Holzpfeiler senkrecht gesetzt waren blieben von der Holzkirche erhalten. In den Gräben entdeckte man kleinere Holzreste, Überreste von Pfeilern und Planken. Im regelmäßigen Abstand von etwa 40 bis 50 cm befand sich ein viereckiger Pfeiler. Dies deutet auf die Tatsache, dass die Kirche eine Holzkonstruktion hatte, die aus senkrecht gesetzten viereckigen Pfeilern zusammengesetzt war. Die Größe der Säulenlöcher reicht von 20 x 15 cm bis hin zu 30 x 30 cm, mit Tiefen von 70 bis 100 cm. Die Seiten waren wahrscheinlich aus Reisig geflochten und mit Mörtel ausgeputzt. Da bei den Ausgrabungen keine Überreste von Mörtel gefunden wurden, bleibt dies vorläufig nur eine Annahme. Im Kircheninneren wurden Teile des Fußbodens entdeckt, der teilweise aus Lehm mit Schutt bestand, aber auch teilweise einen Felsuntergund hatte. Unterhalb des festgetretenen Fußbodens, an der tiefer liegenden Südseite, befanden sich angelegte Felsplatten aus Mergelstein. Mehrere Säulenlöcher wurden im Inneren entdeckt. Zwei Pfeilergruben, eine vollkommen erhaltene und die Reste einer weiteren, entdeckte man etwa einen Meter von der Apsis in Richtung Kirchenschiff entfernt. Diese Gruben, die man vielleicht mit den Überresten der Altarschranke in Verbindung setzen kann, wurden an der nördlichen höher gelegenen Seite, jedoch nicht auf der tiefer gelegenen Südseite, festgestellt. Die zur Analyse eingereichte Ascheprobe ergab, dass die Kirche zwischen 780 und 890 erbaut wurde. In der Kirchenapsis wurde ein Grab ausgehoben, welches ein Paar gegossene traubenförmige Silberohrringe und ein Paar ovale Ringlein mit knieförmigen Verdickungen und einer Kugel im unteren Teil beinhaltete. Die Funde werden ins 9. Jahrhundert datiert und zeugen von einem höheren gesellschaftlichen Status des Verstorbenen. Bei der Freiräumung einer Pfeilergrube im Inneren der Holzkirche wurden, zwischen Kirchenschiff und Apsis, die Überreste von einem Keramikgefäß entdeckt, das umgekehrt im Boden lag und mit Resten von Asche, Ruß und Knochen gefüllt war. Dieses Gefäß musste, chronologisch gesehen, bereits vor Aushebung der Gruben für die Holzpfeiler an diese Stelle gebracht worden sein. Die menschlichen Überreste eines Erwachsenen, die in einem hochwertig verarbeiteten Keramikgefäß entdeckt wurden, deuten auf dessen Verwendungszweck als Urne hin. Die Urne wiederum lag nicht am Boden der Pfeilergrube, sondern etwa in deren halber Tiefe. Den fränkischen Berichten aus den zwanziger Jahren des 9. Jahrhunderts nach unterstützte der Patriarch von Aquileia den aufständischen und diese Gegend regierenden Fürst Ljudevit mit Meistern und Maurern. Offensichtlich hatten der slawische Fürst und der Patriarch von Aquileia bereits zuvor eine gute Beziehung zueinander entwickelt, welche sich in der Ausbreitung des Christentums auch unter den Slawen aus Pannonien widerspiegeln musste. Die Holzkirche stammt aus dieser Zeit und ist somit eines der frühesten Zeugnisse dieser guten Beziehungen. Missionare kamen an diesen Ort, weil es das Zentrum der dortigen slawischen Gemeinschaft war. Die Holzkirche muss demzufolge an den unmittelbaren Anfang des 9. Jahrhunderts datiert werden. Sie wurde nicht um59 Drvena crkva u Loboru – najstarija fr Krešimir Filipec anačka misionarska crkva u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj gehend nach der Errichtung der dreischiffigen Basilika niedergerissen, sondern stand mit Sicherheit bis Mitte des 10. Jahrhunderts neben ihr. Zwei Silberdenare des ungarischen Königs Stephan I, die erstmalig in einer nordkroatischen Lokalität gefunden wurden, sprechen möglicherweise von der Zeit ihres Abrisses
- Published
- 2010
31. Winter prey of the long–eared owl (Asio otus) in northern Croatia
- Author
-
Zdravko Dolenec and Darinka Kiš Novak
- Subjects
long-eared owl ,Asio otus ,winter diet ,northern Croatia ,mala ušara ,zimska prehrana ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
The study was conducted with pellets of the long–eared owls (Asio otus) from two periods (January 2006 and January 2007) in suburban area of Prelog (northern Croatia). A total of 113 pellets with 198 prey items were analysed. The averaged number of prey individuals per pellet was 1.75 (SD = 0.99). Twelve small mammalian species (97.9% in number and 97.1% in biomass) and three bird species (2.1% in number and 2.9% in biomass) were preyed upon. By comparing the number of prey items between 2006 and 2007 no significant differences were found., U ovome radu analizirane su gvalice male ušare (Asio otus) sakupljene na području Preloga u siječnju 2006. i 2007. godine. Ukupno je sakupljeno 113 gvalica u kojima je bilo 198 primjeraka plijena. Prosječno je po gvalici bilo 1,75 (SD = 0,99) primjeraka plijena. U sastavu plijena, kako brojnošću (97,9%) tako i masom (97,1%), prevladavali su mali sisavci dok su ostali plijen činile ptice (2,1%, 2,9%). Nije bilo značajne razlike u brojnosti plijena između dviju istraživanih godina.
- Published
- 2010
32. PENNISETIA BOHEMICA (LEPIDOPTERA: SESIIDAE) IN SOUTHERN SLOVENIA AND NORTHERN CROATIA
- Author
-
Željko PREDOVNIK
- Subjects
Sesiidae ,Pennisetia bohemica ,faunistics ,southern Slovenia ,northern Croatia ,faunistika ,južna Slovenija ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
The clearwing moth species Pennisetia bohemica Králíček & Povolný, 1974 is reported from Gorski Kotar (NW Croatia), close to the border with Slovenia. The species was also observed at three new localities in southern Slovenia. All specimens were found by means of pheromone traps. The presence of P. bohemica in Croatia has not been recorded before., Staklokrilac vrste Pennisetia bohemica Králíček & Povolný 1974 pronađen je u Gorskom kotaru (SZ Hrvatska), u blizini granice sa Slovenijom. Vrsta je također opažena na tri nova lokaliteta u južnoj Sloveniji. Svi primjerci ulovljeni su uz pomoć feromonskih klopki. Prisutnost vrste P. bohemica u Hrvatskoj spominje se prvi put.
- Published
- 2009
33. Problem kronologije grobalja 9. i 10. stoljeća u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj
- Author
-
Krešimir Filipec
- Subjects
Slaveni ,Panonija ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,ranosrednjovjekovna groblja ,Slawen ,Pannonien ,Nordkroatien ,frühmittelalterliche Gräberfelder - Abstract
U radu se razmatraju ranosrednjovjekovna slavenska groblja na području današnje sjeverne Hrvatske (južna Panonija), te se predlaže podjela tih grobalja u šest skupina i njihovo vremensko opredjeljivanje., Die grosse slawische Völkerwanderung in Richtung zentrales Donaugebiet war die Folge awarischer Angriffe in den Jahren 567 und 568. Diese Völkerwanderung ist nur durch seltene archäologische Funde und etwas zahlreichere geschichtliche Quellen belegt. In Kroatien, wie es auch häufig der Fall in anderen Teilen Europas ist, die von Slawen im 6. und 7. Jahrhundert eingenommen und besiedelt wurden, ist das Verschwinden älterer Siedlungen und der einheimischen Bevölkerung besser zu verfolgen als das Auftreten der neuen Bewohner. Die Spuren der materiellen Kultur der Einheimischen, wie die spätantike – romanische so auch die germanische, konnten auch nach der Ankunft der slawischen Zuwanderer beibehalten worden sein. Auf der anderen Seite muss das Verschwinden der älteren Kultur nicht automatisch bedeuten, dass die Slawen den genannten Raum einnahmen. Archäologische Quellen geben uns nicht ausreichend Möglichkeiten die Ausbreitung der Siedlungen der neuen Bewohner zu verfolgen und demzufolge können wir nicht wissen, wann bestimmte Teile von ihnen besiedelt wurden. Die archäologischen Quellen sind in vieler Hinsicht unvollständig, begrenzt, nicht übereinstimmend und mangeln an Informationen. In bestimmten Gegenden sind die Slawen zudem fast vollständig unsichtbar bzw. nicht erkennbar bis hin in das 8., 9. oder 11. Jahrhundert und mancherorts sogar noch später. In Nordkroatien begannen die Untersuchungen frühmittelalterlicher Gräberfelder in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Die Unausgeglichenheit im Wissen oder Unwissen über die einzelnen Entwicklungsphasen vereinzelter archäologischer Kulturen in Nordkroatien, bzw. Pannonien, ist die Folge einer konstanten Vernachlässigung von Untersuchungen über das frühe Mittelalter, aber auch über die slawische und altkroatische Archäologie. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Gegebenheiten blieb das archäologische Material unproportional erhalten, was uns häufig ein völlig anderes Bild über die Siedlungsdichte einzelner Gebiete, aber auch über die Frage wer die Bewohner der betreffenden Gegenden waren geben kann. All diese Probleme erschweren uns die Nutzung der bestehenden archäologischen Quellen zur geschichtlichen Rekonstruktion. Dennoch können entsprechende Hypothesen aufgestellt werden, die hoffentlich durch zukünftige archäologische Forschungsarbeit belegt werden können. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass es relativ wenig untersuchte Fundstätten gibt und zahlreiche zufällige Funde und andere Funde aus unsystematisch durchgeführten Untersuchungen existieren. Außer den fundamentalen bereits bestimmten Fragen, wann welcher Teil des Landes mit pannonischen Slawen besiedelt wurde, sind viele weitere Fragen noch unbeantwortet. Gemäß der heutigen Situation können die Gräberfelder im kroatischen Teil Pannoniens wie folgt gegliedert werden: 1. Gräberfelder mit Brandbestattungen in Tonurnen und in Gruben ohne Urnen, die ungefähr in den Zeitraum vom 7. bis 9. Jahrhundert datieren (Vinkovci – Duga ulica), Belišće – Zagajci) und zeitgleich Reihengräberfelder mit heidnischen Bestattungsmerkmalen (Gräberfelder aus der awarischen Zeit – frühe, mittlere und späte Epoche), die ungefähr in den Zeitraum vom Ende des 6. bis Anfang des 9. Jahrhunderts datieren (z. B. Zagreb – Kruge; Bijelo brdo – Bajer; Brodski Drenovac; Osijek – Zeleno polje; Otok bei Vinkovci; Stari Jankovci – Gatine; Privlaka – Gole njive;) 2. Vereinzelte Gräber und Reihengräberfelder (?) mit heidnischen Bestattungsmerkmalen, die ungefähr ins 9. Jahrhundert datieren (z. B. Podsused, Medvedička) 3. Vereinzelte Gräber und Reihengräberfelder (?) mit christlichen Bestattungsmerkmalen, die ungefähr ins 9. Jahrhundert bis hin zur Mitte des 10. Jahrhunderts datieren (z. B. Petoševci – Bagruša) 4. Gräberfelder neben Kirchen ab Mitte des 9. Jahrhunderts bis hin zum 19. Jahrhundert (Lobor – Majka Božja Gorska) 5. Reihengräberfelder der christianisierten Bevölkerung, die ungefähr in den Zeitraum ab Mitte des 10. – 11. Jahrhundert bis hin zur Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts datieren (z. B. Bijelo Brdo, Vukovar – Lijeva bara, Zvonimirovo, Stenjevec, Đakovo – Pfarrkirche 6. Gräberfelder neben Kirchen ab Anfang des 12. Jahrhunderts (z. B. Vinkovci – Meraja, Sv. Juraj in Trnje, Đakovo – Pfarrkirche)
- Published
- 2009
34. Medieval Toponyms of Northern Croatia - Cultural and Interdisciplinary Aspects of Toponomastics
- Author
-
Zdenko Balog
- Subjects
toponomastika ,srednji vijek ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,srednjovjekovna Slavonija ,hidronim ,nazivlje drveća ,toponomastics (toponymy) ,Middle Ages ,northern Croatia ,medieval Slavonnia ,hydronym ,tree names - Abstract
Prilog se bavi posebnim aspektima toponomastike u kontekstu pomoćnih povijesnih znanosti. Svjesni da zapravo »posuđujemo« toponomastiku, koja je u kontekstu onomastike svrstana u lingvističke znanosti i discipline, svojim radom želimo promovirati i koristiti aspekte toponomastike po kojima ona ima neporecive prerogative pomoćne povijesne znanosti, koja povjesničaru otvara značajne i dosad manje korištene prostore i podatke rubnih područja u kojima vlada manjak primarnih pisanih izvora. Analizirano je područje srednjovjekovne Križevačke županije te malo manje Zagrebačke i Varaždinske županije, i to na primjerima izabranih toponima iz dvije grupe: nazivi voda, poglavito rijeka (hidronimi), te toponimi proizišli iz imena drveća i biljaka općenito. Ni ovaj ograničeni dio neće biti obrađen sveobuhvatno kataloški jer to nije ni namjera našeg istraživanja, a i opseg građe svakako nadilazi zadane okvire. Međutim, neki odabrani korijeni i toponimičke osnovice, poput duba i jalše, te neki hidronimi, poput Drave, Koruške, Čazme i Bednje, otvaraju sami po sebi toliko pojedinačnih i općih problema da na njima možemo otvoriti mnogo zanimljivih pitanja te naravno, nepretenciozno, predložiti i određene odgovore., This paper deals with special aspects of toponymy in the context of Auxiliary Sciences of History. Being fully aware that we actually ‘borrow’ toponomastics here, in the context of onomastics being listed in scientific disciplines under linguistics , with this paper we desire to promote and use some aspects of toponymy, giving it undeniable prerogatives of Auxiliary Science of History. This empowers a historian with significant, until now rarely explored regions and data from peripheral areas, lacking primary written sources. The are of research was medieval Križevci county and parts of Zagreb county, as well as Varaždin county, studying cases of selected toponymy from two groups: waters, primarily river names (hydronyms) and toponymy from trees and plants in general. This limited target of research could not have been thoroughly researched and catalogued, this not being our primary target after all, as the matter is too complex, going well beyond our framework. However, some targeted roots and toponymy bases, like ‘duba’ , ‘jalše’, etc, just like some hydronyms like Drava, Koruška, Čazma, Bednja, each open up themselves individual and general problems in abundance, raising a number of interesting questions and unpretentiously suggesting certain answers in return.
- Published
- 2009
35. Zlatno doba kiparstva
- Author
-
Zajec, Vlasta
- Subjects
Barokno kiparstvo ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,Doris Baričević ,D. Baričević ,barok ,kiparstvo - Abstract
Barokno kiparstvo sjeverne Hrvatske sinteza je dugogodišnjih istraživanja autorice Doris Baričević. Riječ je o temeljnom djelu iznimne važnosti kojim je ta vrijedna građa napokon dobila cjelovitu znanstvenu i vizualnu prezentaciju. Važnost njegovih rezultata nadilazi lokalne granice predstavljajući nezaobilazan doprinos povijesti srednjoeuropskog kiparstva.
- Published
- 2008
36. Depopulation Processes in Northern Croatia from 1948 to 2001
- Author
-
Feletar, Petar
- Subjects
Stanovništvo, depopulacija, sjeverna Hrvatska, granično područje, županija ,population ,depopulation ,northern Croatia ,border region ,county ,stanovništvo ,depopulacija ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,granično područje ,županija - Abstract
U radu je analiziran razvoj broja stanovnika u 10 županija sjeverne Hrvatske u razdoblju od popisa 1948. do 2001. Dvije su karakteristične faze demografskog razvoja tog područja nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata: u 1. fazi tijekom intenzivnog procesa industrijalizacije ukupan broj stanovnika rastao je do 1981. godine, a u 2. fazi u posljednjih 20 godina broj stanovnika sve intenzivnije opada. Proces depopulacije brži je u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj od prosjeka zemlje. Godine 1948. 10 sjevernohrvatskih županija sudjelovalo je u ukupnom broju stanovnika Zemlje sa 41,0%, a 2001. sa 35,9%. Od faktora koji su utjecali na intenziviranje procesa depopulacije najvažnija su tri: 1. sve brži pad nataliteta, odnosno prirodnog priraštaja, osobito u ruralnim naseljima, 2. migracija stanovništva, odnosno proces deruralizacije koji je još vrlo intenzivan (emigracija u Zagreb, zapadnu Hrvatsku i inozemstvo) te 3. Domovinski rat utjecao je na smanjivanje broja stanovnika, posebice u graničnim područjima istočne Hrvatske. Zbog navedenih faktora najintenzivniji proces depopulacije zabilježen je od 1991. do danas. Prema popisu stanovništva 2001., u deset sjevernohrvatskih županija živjelo je 10,1% stanovnika više nego u 1948., a u cijeloj Hrvatskoj 17,3%. U tom razdoblju pet županija imalo je pad, a pet porast broja stanovnika. Od 1991. do 2001. godine sve županije bilježe pad broja stanovnika, osim Brodsko-posavska u kojoj je porast bio samo 0,8%. Osobito depopuliraju ruralna naselja - u čak 24 seoske općine stanovništvo se prepolovilo, a samo u 14 gradskih i prigradskih općina broj stanovnika dvostruko je porastao (od 1948. do 2001. godine)., This paper analyses the development of population numbers in 10 counties in northern Croatia in the period 1948 to 2001. Two characteristic phases of demographic development took place in this period following World War II: in phase I, the total population grew during the intensive industrialization phase up until 1981, while in phase II, the population has been dropping at an increasing rate in the past twenty years. The depopulation process has been unfolding faster in northern Croatia than the national average. In 1948, the 10 northern Croatian counties accounted for 41.0% of the total Croatian population, while this figure dropped to 35.9% in 2001. The three most important factors contributing to the acceleration of the depopulation process are: 1. increasing drop in natality, particularly in rural places, 2. population migration, i.e. de-ruralization, which is still very high (emigration to Zagreb, western Croatia and abroad), and 3. the Homeland War which caused a drop in population numbers, particularly in the border regions of eastern Croatia. Due to these factors, the most intensive depopulation period was recorded from 1991 to the present day. According to the 2001 census, there were 10.1% more people living in the ten northern Croatian counties than in 1948; the national average is 17.3%. During this period, five counties experienced a drop while the other five experienced a rise n population. From 1991 to 2001, all the counties experienced a population decrease, except Slavonski Brod-Posavina County, which recorded an increase of only 0.8%. Depopulation is most pronounced in the rural communities. The population was halved in 24 rural municipalities, while the population doubled (in the period 1948 to 2001) in only 14 urban and suburban municipalities.
- Published
- 2007
37. Churches with Square Sanctuarz in Northern Croatia
- Author
-
Balog, Zdenko
- Subjects
square sanctuary ,"Chorturm" ,Northern Croatia ,the Kalnik group ,Križevci ,Belec ,rural parish churches and chapels ,kvadratno svetište ,gotika ,Chorturm ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,potkalnička grupa ,ladanjske župne crkve i kapele ,kvadrat no svetište ,ladanjske i župne crkve - Abstract
Studija obrađuje problematiku crkava kvadratnog svetišta u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj. Povod istraživanju je determiniranje relativno koherentne grupe crkava kvadratnog svetišta u potkalničkoj i zagorskoj regiji. Radnja se fokusira na pitanja pripadnosti ovih grupiranih objekata istom kulturnom krugu, podrijetla ove tipologije i pripadnosti ove grupe većoj grupi iste tipologije, koja bi eventualno i prelazila današnje (a i nekadašnje) državne granice. Pojedinačnom obradom gotovo dvadeset spomenika sjeverne Hrvatske utvrđeno je postojanje dovoljno podudarnosti da bi se moglo govoriti o homogenoj i povezanoj tipološkoj grupi, ali i o pojedinim spomenicima koji, unatoč općoj pripadnosti tipu, ne pripadaju ovoj grupi. Tako se naslućuje površan utjecaj koruško-štajerske tipologije tzv. Chorturma u barem jednom slučaju, a jednako tako i neki očuvani primjeri još romaničkih objekata ravnog zaključka svetišta. Istraživanja dovode do zaključka da je presudan utjecaj na grupiranje kvadratnog svetišta u razdoblju gotike izvršio neki monumentalni crkveni objekt, možda – danas izgubljena – augustinska crkva u Križevcima., The study deals with the problem of churches with square sanctuary in Northern Croatia. The incentive for the investigation was the establishing of a rather coherent group of monuments in the Kalnik and Zagoirje region. The study focuses on the common cultural features and the origins of the monuments, and on possible links with a larger group of monuments, which eventually crosses the borders of Croatia. The study has established enough common features to enable us to speak of a coherent typological group, but also of individual monuments which do not belong to it. Thus we suspect a superficial influence from the Carinthian-Styrian group of “Chorturm” churches (in one case), as well as the presence of some still Romanesque buildings of similar form. In conclusion, the key infl uence was exercised by some monumental gothic church building – possibly the lost Augustinian church in Križevci.
- Published
- 2007
38. O ranobrončanodobnim nalazima iz Novih Perkovaca kod Đakova
- Author
-
Marković, Zorko
- Subjects
Novi Perkovci ,Đakovo ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,kraj ranog brončanog doba ,licenska keramika ,južnopanonska inkrustirana keramika ,vatinska kulture - Abstract
U radu se govori o velikim zaštitnim arheološkim istraživanjima nalazišta Krčavina kod Novih Perkovaca 2005. i 2006. godine, gdje je jamski objekt SJ 263 predstavljao zatvorenu cjelinu iz ranog brončanog doba Br A2. U jami su pronađeni i podjednako zastupljeni nalazi licenskokeramičke kulture i južnopanonske inkrustirane keramike kao i importiran vrč rane vatinske kulture.
- Published
- 2007
39. O ranobrončanodobnim nalazima iz Novih Perkovaca kod Đakova
- Author
-
Zorko Marković
- Subjects
Novi Perkovci kod Đakova ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,kraj ranog brončanog doba ,licenska keramika ,južnopanonska inkrustirana keramika ,vatinska kultura ,Novi Perkovci bei Đakovo ,Nordkroatien ,Ende der Frühbronzezeit ,Litzenkeramik südpannonische inkrustierte Keramik ,Vatin-Kultur - Abstract
Velika zaštitna arheološka istraživanja nalazišta Krčavina kod Novih Perkovaca 2005. i 2006. godine, na trasi autoceste Budimpešta-Ploče (Koridor Vc), na površini oko 18000 četvornih metara, rezultirala su pronalaženjem ostataka brojnih objekata. Jamski objekt SJ 263/264 predstavlja zatvorenu cjelinu iz ranog brončanog doba, Br A2. U jami su pronađeni i podjednako zastupljeni nalazi licenskokeramičke kulture i južnopanonske inkrustirane keramike, uz pobliže neidentificirane keramičke nalaze. Međutim, u jami je pronađen i jedan primjerak vrča rane vatinske kulture, a te nalaze datiramo na kraj ranog brončanog doba, bez obzira na činjenicu što licenska keramika nema motiv valovnice., Umfangreiche archäologische Schutzgrabungen am Fundort Krčavina bei Novi Perkovci in den Jahren 2005 und 2006, an der Trasse der Autobahn Budapest-Ploče (Korridor Vc) auf einer Fläche von ca. 18000 Quadratmetern resultierten in der Entdeckung von Überresten zahlreicher Objekte. Das Grubenobjekt SJ 263/264 stellt eine geschlossene Anlage aus der Frühbronzezeit Br A2 dar. In der Grube wurden gleichmäßig vertretene Funde von Litzenkeramik und der südpannonischen inkrustierten Keramik zusammen mit nicht näher identifizierten Keramikfunden freigelegt. Unterdessen wurde in der Grube auch ein Exemplar eines Kruges der frühen Vatin-Kultur gefunden, und diese Funde datieren wir ungeachtet dessen, dass die Litzenkeramik kein Wellenlinienmotiv aufweist, an das Ende der Frühbronzezeit.
- Published
- 2007
40. Naseljenost Podravine u starijoj fazi kulture polja sa žarama
- Author
-
Darija Ložnjak Dizdar
- Subjects
Podravina ,Nordkroatien ,ältere Phase der Urnenfelderkultur ,Virovitica-Gruppe ,Barice-Gređani-Gruppe ,Belegiš-II-Gruppe ,Siedlungen ,Horte ,Metallgegenstände ,Tüllenlanzenspitzen mit „flammenförmigem“ profi liertem Blatt ,Keulenkopfnadel ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,starija faza kulture polja sa žarama ,virovitička grupa ,grupa Barice-Gređani ,Belegiš II ,naselja ,ostave ,metalni predmeti ,plamenasto koplje ,topuzasta igla - Abstract
Prostor srednje Podravine označen je kao ishodište virovitičke grupe kulture polja sa žarama još pri defi niranju I. faze kulture polja sa žarama 1973. godine. Novija pokusna istraživanja i terenski pregledi na području Virovitičko-podravske županije rezultirala su otkrićem brojnih novih nalazišta koja su označena kao nizinska naselja virovitičke grupe. Osim keramičkih nalaza, prikupljeni su i metalni predmeti (koplje i topuzasta igla) koji se datiraju u vrijeme Br D i Ha A1 kada su na tlu sjeverne Hrvatske rasprostranjene različite kulturne grupe (Virovitica, Barice-Gređani, Belegiš II). Metalni predmeti zajednički su oblici svim trima pobrojanim grupama i pripadaju ansamblu predmeta koji je karakterističan za 12. st. pr. Kr. na širem prostoru Karpatske kotline. Uz analizu dosad istraženih grobalja koja se mogu datirati u stariju fazu kulture polja sa žarama, ukazuje se i na problem ostava u Podravini gdje su poznate u manjem broju u odnosu na brojne istodobne ostave iz Posavine. To je možda povezano s postojanjem različitih religioznih ili kulturoloških gledišta u okviru grupa starije kulture polja sa žarama koje su obitavale na tim prostorima., Das Gebiet der zentralen Podravina wurde bereits bei der Bestimmung der I. Phase der Urnenfelderkultur im Jahr 1973 als der Ausgangspunkt der Virovitica-Gruppe der Urnenfelderkultur bezeichnet. Neuere Probeuntersuchungen und Feldbegehungen im Gebiet der Gespanschaft Virovitica–Podravina resultierten in der Entdeckung zahlreicher neuer Fundstätten, die als Niedersiedlungen der Virovitica-Gruppe bezeichnet wurden. Neben Keramik wurden auch Metallgegenstände gefunden (Lanze und Keulenkopfnadel), die in die Zeit Br D und Ha A1 datiert werden, als im Bereich Nordkroatiens verschiedene Kulturgruppen verbreitet waren (Virovitica, Barice-Gređani, Belegiš II). Die Metallgegenstände weisen Formen auf, die allen drei genannten Kulturgruppen gemeinsam sind, und die zu einem Ensemble von Gegenständen, die für das 12. Jahrhundert vor Christus im ganzen Gebiet des Karpatenbeckens charakteristisch sind, gehören. Neben der Analyse der bisher untersuchten Gräber, die sich in die ältere Phase der Urnenfelderkultur datieren lassen, wird auch auf das Phänomen der Horte in der Podravina hingewiesen, die in dieser Region in geringerer Zahl bekannt sind im Verhältnis zu gleichzeitigen Horten aus der Posavina, wo sie besonders zahlreich vorkommen. Dies dürfte im Zusammenhang mit dem Bestehen verschiedener religiöser oder kulturologischer Gesichtspunkte der in diesem Gebiet angesiedelten älteren Urnenfelderkulturgruppen stehen.
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- 2005
41. Prilog poznavanju ornamentike na gruboj keramici starčevačkog naselja na Galovu u Slavonskom Brodu
- Author
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Minichreiter, Kornelija
- Subjects
neolitik ,rana starčevačka kultura ,Linear A ,gruba keramika ,ornamentika ,Slavonski brod ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
Glineno posuđe u naseljima najstarijih prapovijesnih kultura čini najbrojniju arheološku građu. Tako je i u naseljima prve panonske lončarske kulture - starčevačke kulture - u kojima je jedino na temelju lončarske proizvodnje moguće odrediti njihovu stilsku i kronološku pripadnost. U radu su prikazane tehnike i dana tumačenja motiva ornamentike na gruboj keramici starčevačkog naselja na Galovu u Slavonskom Brodu. Oblikovanje vanjske površine posuđa bilo je dvojako: jedna vrsta posuđa "ukrašavana" je radi praktične primjene, dok su na drugima "ukrasi" predstavljali dublji smisao - najstarije zapise prvih populacija izražene simbolima o svojoj iskonskoj potrebi što većeg razumijevanja i povezanosti s prirodom, koju su osjećali kao svoj neodvojivi dio, svijesni da o njoj ovisi njihov opstanak.
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- 2003
42. Grobovi virovitičke grupe iz Voćina Osvrt na početnu fazu kulture polja sa žarama u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj
- Author
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Daria Ložnjak
- Subjects
kultura polja sa žarama ,virovitička grupa ,grupa Barice-Gređani ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,naselja ,groblja ,keramika ,srednjoeuropsko Podunavlje ,Urnenfelderkultur ,Virovitica-Gruppe ,Barice-Gređani-Gruppe ,Nordkroatien ,Siedlungen ,Gräberfelder ,Keramik ,mitteleuropaischer Donauraum - Abstract
Prilikom arheološko-konzervatorskih radova na spomeničkom sklopu crkve Pohođenja Blažene Djevice Marije u Voćinu otkrivena su dva paljevinska groba iz vremena starije faze kulture polja sa žarama. Prostor Voćina dolinom rječice Voćinke gravitira prema dravskoj nizini kojom je, kao tisućljetnim prometnim pravcem, bio povezan s istokom i zapadom. Grobovi su prema grobnom ritualu i keramičkim nalazima pripisani virovitičkoj grupi kulture polja sa žarama, o čijoj rasprostranjenosti u dravskoj nizini svjedoči sve veći broj zabilježenih naselja i grobalja iste kulturne pripadnosti., Das Gebiet von Voćin im Tal des Flüßchens Voćinka liegt im Einzugsbereich der Drau-Ebene, die es - als tausendjährige Verkehrsstraße -mit dem Osten und dem Westen verband. Bei den archäologischen Konservierungsausgrabungen des Kirchenkomplexes Pohođenja Blažene Djevice Marije in Voćin wurden zwei Brandgräber aus der Zeit der älteren Phase der Urnenfelderkultur entdeckt. Aufgrund des Bestattungsrituals und der Keramikfunde wurde das Grab der Virovitica-Gruppe der Urnenfelderkultur zugeschrieben, von deren Verbreitung im Drau-Tal eine immer größere Zahl der belegten Siedlungen und Gräberfelder derselben kulturellen Zugehörigkeit zeugt. Ein Element der Virovitica-Gruppe sind die Fußschalen als Grabbeigaben. Die Form des als Urne dienenden Topfes aus Grab 1 ist gekennzeichnet durch Merkmale des Virovitica-Stils, während die horizontalen Facetten bei Fundgegenständen der Virovitica-Gruppe (Virovitica, Grab 5, Vetovo) nur selten als Verzierung vorkommen, und die nächsten Parallelen im südlichen Transdanubien (Mohács, Lengyel) zu finden sind. Die als Deckel dienende Fußschale weist enge Parallelen mit der Schale aus Grab 4 in Drljanovac (MAJNARIĆ-PANDŽIĆ, 1988, 12, T. II, 3) auf. Im Grab 1 wurden vier Gefäße gefunden, die den auf den Gräberfeldern in Virovitica, Sirova Katalena, Drljanovac und Moravče entdeckten Formen entsprechen, während die Topfverzierung auf Parallelen im südlichen Transdanubien und in der Gruppe Barice-Gređani hinweist. Im Grab 2 wurden zwei Gefäße entdeckt. Die Überreste der Schalen aus Grab 2 lassen sich seinen Formen nach ganz deutlich in die Virovitica-Gruppe einordnen. Parallelen hat er im Grab 12 in Drljanovac (MAJNARIĆ-PANDŽIĆ, 1994, 48, T. 2, 3) und im Grab aus Sotin (VINSKI-GASPARINI, 1973, T. 17, 5). Die Gräber lassen sich aufgrund der Tonwaren - da die Metallgegenstände fehlen - in die Zeit Br D datieren, als neben den Virovitica Formen auch die Einflüsse der Baierdorf-Velatica-Gruppe erscheinen. Die Entdeckung der Gräber in Voćin ist nicht überraschend, wenn man die Tatsache berücksichtigt, daß die mittlere Podravina als Ausgangspunkt der Virovitica-Gruppe bezeichnet wurde (VINSKI-GASPARINI, 1973, 37). Der Forschungsstand zur Mittelbronzezeit im westlichen Teil des nördlichen Kroatiens löscht den Wissensdurst noch lange nicht, so daß zahlreiche Fragen zum Anfang der Spätbronzezeit in dieser Region offen bleiben. Aus den erwähnten Gründen wäre es verfrüht, schon jetzt von einer Kontinuität zu reden. Es ist wichtig, nochmals darauf hinzuweisen, daß hier, am Anfang der Virovitica-Gruppe, beziehungsweise der ältesten Phase der Urnenfelderkultur, Formen auftauchen, die sich bis zur mitteleuropäischen Hügelgräberkultur zurückverfolgen lassen, und daß Keramikformen aus Siedlungen und Gräberfeldern von einer stark vertretenen kulturellen Erscheinung zeugen. Aufgrund 42 der Keramikformen, der Metallgegenstände und der Art der Bestattung gehören die folgenden Gebiete zur Urnenfelderkultur des mittleren Donauraumes: südliches Mähren, südwestliche Slowakei, Burgenland, ungarisches Transdanubien, Steiermark, südöstliches Slowenien und nördliches Kroatien (STUCHLÍK, 1993, 286). Der gegenwärtige Stand der Forschungen im Gebiet des mittleren Donauraums weist darauf hin, daß der Anfang der Spätbronzezeit ein kontinuierlicher Prozeß aus der Mittelbronzezeit war, gekennzeichnet durch Neuerungen bei den Tonwaren, gelegentlich auch in Bestattungsritualen sowie in der Erscheinung neuer Metallformen. Aus der Anfangsphase der Spätbronzezeit wurde allmählich die Urnenfelderkultur, in welcher sich alle Aspekte des gesellschaftlichen Lebens entwickelten. Im nördlichen Kroatien lassen sich zwei Erscheinungen zurückverfolgen: Die mit Transdanubien und dem nordöstlichen Slowenien verbundene Virovitica-Gruppe, innerhalb derer bestimmte regionale Unterschiede erkennbar sind, und die geographisch mit den Ereignissen im nördlichen Bosnien verbundene Gruppe Barice-Gređani. Das Problem der Genese und Datierung der Virovitica-Gruppe wird hoffentlich in den künftigen Erforschungen der Siedlungen und der dazugehörenden Gräberfelder dieser Gruppe sowie Forschungen zur Mittelbronzezeit im westlichen Kroatien aufgeklärt werden können. Hinsichtlich der noch immer offenen Frage der Datierung der Virovitica-Gruppe läßt der gegenwärtige Forschungsstand auf ihre Fortdauer bis in die Ha-A1-Stufe schließen. Von älteren Fundgegenständen sei der Topf in Virovitica-Form parallel mit einem Topf jüngerer Form und Dekoration aus dem Grab 2 aus Zagreb-Vrapče (VINSKI-GASPARINI, 1973, T. 23, 5-9) erwähnt, was von P. Turk (TURK, 1996, 120) angemerkt wurde. Zugunsten des kontinuierlichen Weiterbestehens der Virovitica-Gruppe in der Periode Ha A und des erkennbaren Baierdorf-Einflusses spricht das Gräberfeld in Drljanovac, wo Grabanlagen (Gräber 2, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13) der Virovitica-Gruppe identifiziert worden sind (MAJNARIĆ-PANDŽIĆ, 1988, 15-16, T. I, 1; T. III; T. IV, 1, 2; MAJNARIĆ-PANDŽIĆ, 1994, 51, T. 1-3), wie auch Gräber, die dem früheren Teil der II. Phase der Urnenfelderkultur (Gräber 3, 8) zugeordnet wurden (MAJNARIĆ-PANDŽIĆ, 1988, 14-15, 17, T. I, 4; T. VI) und Gräber, in welchen sich Elemente der Virovitica- und der Zagreb-Gruppe vermischen (MAJNARIĆ-PANDŽIĆ, 1988, 15-17, T. II, 2-3, T. IV, 4-6). Siedlungen, deren Anfang in die Zeit Br D/Ha A1 datiert wird, sind u.a. die Siedlung auf dem Kalnik sowie der Standort Igrišće, wo die archäologischen Funde neben Keramikproduktion auch eine metallurgische Produktion belegen (MAJNARIĆ-PANDŽIĆ, 1992; VRDOLJAK, 1995). Genauso begann Novigrad an der Sava, das sich in der Region einer reichen metallurgischen Produktion befand, in der Zeit Br D/Ha A1 und bestand bis in die Zeit Ha B (MAJNARIĆ-PANDŽIĆ, 2000). Die Gređani-Gruppe wurde in die Zeit Br D/Ha A1 datiert, und die neusten Forschungen und Datierungen der Siedlung Mačkovac-Crišnjevi stellen die Frage nach der Datierung der älteren Phase der Gruppe Barice-Gređani in der Posavina (KARAVANIĆ, MIHALJEVIĆ, KALAFATIĆ 2002). Es sei darauf hingewiesen, daß in den Gräbern der Viroviticaund der Gređani-Gruppe Metallgegenstände nicht häufig sind, während in den in die Zagreb-Gruppe datierten Gräbern solche Funde schon fast regelmäßig als Beigaben vorkommen (Zagreb-Vrapče, Martijanec-Žgališće, Drljanovac Grab 8). Neben reichen Vorräten von Bronzegegenständen, die in der Zeit Ha A1 vorkommen, bezeichnete das Auftreten von Metallgegenständen in den Siedlungen und Gräberfeldern die Blütezeit der Metallverarbeitung in diesem Gebiet in der älteren Phase der Urnenfelderkultur. Deshalb läßt sich die erste Phase der Urnenfelderkultur als die Zeit der Formierung dieser kulturellen Erscheinung im nördlichen Kroatien bezeichnen. Im Laufe ihres weiteren kontinuierlichen Bestehens haben sich starke Baierdorf-Velatica-Elemente beigemischt, die zu einem Bestandteil der Virovitica-Gruppe der Urnenfelderkultur in diesem Gebiet geworden sind. Die Periode der Vermischung der Baierdorf-Velatica-Elemente in die Virovitica-Gruppe kommt der älteren Phase der Gruppe Zagreb-Vrapče gleich, was der Datierung aufgrund der Analyse der Horte in Slowenien sowie den Ergebnissen der archäologischen Forschungen in Slowenien und Transdanubein entsprechen würde. Zugunsten dieser Behauptung sprechen auch die vorläufigen Ergebnisse der Sichtungen vor Ort in der Podravina. Wir hoffen, daß künftige archäologische Untersuchungen im nördlichen Kroatien die älteste Phase der Spätbronzezeit - ihren Anfang sowie ihren Bezug zur Mittelbronzezeit und ihr Ende, d.h. den Übergang zur Blütezeit der älteren Urnenfelderkultur, auf dem Gebiet von nördlichem Kroatien, aufklären werden.
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- 2003
43. Prilog poznavanju ornamentike na gruboj keramici starčevačkog naselja na Galovu u Slavonskom Brodu
- Author
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Kornelija Minichreiter
- Subjects
Neolithic ,early Starčevo culture ,Linear A ,coarse pottery ,decorations ,Slavonski Brod ,northern Croatia ,neolitik ,rana starčevačka kultura ,gruba keramika ,ornamentika ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
Glineno posuđe u naseljima najstarijih prapovijesnih kultura čini najbrojniju arheološku građu. Tako je i u naseljima prve panonske lončarske kulture - starčevačke kulture - u kojima je jedino na temelju lončarske proizvodnje moguće odrediti njihovu stilsku i kronološku pripadnost. U radu su prikazane tehnike i dana tumačenja motiva ornamentike na gruboj keramici starčevačkog naselja na Galovu u Slavonskom Brodu. Oblikovanje vanjske površine posuđa bilo je dvojako: jedna vrsta posuđa “ukrašavana” je radi praktične primjene, dok su na drugima “ukrasi” predstavljali dublji smisao - najstarije zapise prvih populacija izražene simbolima o svojoj iskonskoj potrebi što većeg razumijevanja i povezanosti s prirodom, koju su osjećali kao svoj neodvojivi dio, svijesni da o njoj ovisi njihov opstanak., In the settlements of the oldest prehistoric cultures, the production of clay vessels was the most common, therefore around 90% of unearthed archaeological artifacts in the settlements of the Starčevo culture - the first Pannonian earthenware culture - accounts for various clay vessels. Categorizing by style or chronology according to cultures or their developmental stages within the Neolithic is only possible on the basis of earthenware production, and an analysis of the decorations - the oldest messages on vessels - facilitates a closer insight into the thoughts and the spiritual life of these cultures. The first containers for carrying and preserving food were probably wickerwork baskets. They were used to carry different fruits, shells, and fish, and basketry was also applied in fishing (wickerwork fish traps). In the settlement, thinner and thicker branches were woven and fastened onto round logs serving as fences around courtyards, cult facilities and burial ritual areas. Fences formed of closely set rows of round logs were fastened in the bottom by a coating of a layer (normally few centimetres thick) of clay - Slavonski Brod “Galovo” (MINICHREITER, 2001a, 207-210). A similar technical method was applied in kiln construction in the settlement. On the outer part of the construction of wickerwork and thinner branches, an approximately 5 centimetre thick layer of clay was pasted and then fired, so that the marks of the wooden construction are visible on the interior sides of the kiln. Cylindrical kilns in Zadubravlje (MINICHREITER, 1992a, 40, Fig. 2), the elongated kilns in Slavonski Brod “Galovo” (MINICHREITER, 1999, 15, Fig. 8) and in the Starčevo settlement “Gođevo” in the vicinity of Jaruge were constructed in this way. Wickerwork baskets could not hold water, therefore their inside was coated with clay (KARMANSKI, 2000, 650). Clay was only sun-dried and it leaked - this was the pre-ceramic Neolithicum (BENAC, GARAŠANIN, SREJOVIĆ, 1979, 25). Wickerwork baskets were kept near the fireplace and the first clay vessel was fired by accidentally catching fire (KARMANSKI, 2000, 652). At the Donja Branjevina site in the layer II, fragments of semi-round bowls were unearthed with imprints of wickerwork baskets on their outside (DIMITRIJEVIĆ, 1974, 83, T. II; KARMANSKI 1979, T. LXII, 5; ibid, 2000, 652, T. CXCIII, 1-3, T. CXIV, 1). Presumably in the beginning vessels were made in this way, and after some experience was gained they were produced exclusively of clay with an admixture of chaff or small grains of sand. The art of making vessels was handed down, and because of poor production quality and frequent breaking of the vessels each settlement had its own kiln. Earthenware production gradually improved and local potters imitated the fashionable styles of pottery decoration, developing their own creations simultaneously. Because of the large amount of moveable archaeological goods unearthed in the course of five years of digs at Galovo in Slavonski Brod (on the Sava River, northern Croatia), in this paper we concentrate particularly on the decorative art on coarse vessels, without analysing the shape of the vessels or their statistical processing. The techniques of decorating coarse vessels can be classified into four groups: incising, impressing, stitching and sculpturing. The technique of incising (Fig. 4.,1-4) encompasses motifs on coarse vessels produced by an instrument - a wooden stick or a pointed bone. Motifs incised in this way can be made in very thin lines or broader and deeper lines, resulting in accented rims. In the vessels three different motifs appear: vertical incised marks, incised parallel lines and incised thin lines. According to S. Dimitrijević, vessels were decorated in the incision technique in all phases of the Starčevo culture, from Linear A up until the end of Spiraloid B (DIMITRIJEVIĆ, 1974, 67). This stylistic analysis is endorsed by the sites in Zadubravlje and Slavonski Brod containing motifs with their closest analogies in Donja Branjevina, stratum III’ and II’, Lepenski Vir IIIa and Starčevo IIa. Impressing is a broadly disseminated decorative technique (Fig. 4., 5-9) consisting in impressing fingertips or nail ends into wet and soft clay on the entire surface of pots and bowls. It occurs as early as the Linear A phase and belongs to the impresso ornaments group. Motifs made by pinching with two fingers are distributed on vessel sides in three ways: in vertical sets of pinched samples placed in certain intervals; in horizontal sets of motifs alternately pinched with two fingers; or randomly on the entire surface of the vessel’s belly. On the basis of former research results, Dimitrijević classified these sorts of impresso ornaments only as belonging to the last developmental stage of the Starčevo culture, Spiraloid B (DIMITRIJEVIĆ, 1974, 67), but more recent research has shown that coarse vessels were decorated with this technique from Linear A through all the developmental stages of this culture. Ornaments applied by a narrow stick with a round cross section in the technique of stitching (Fig. 5., 1-3) are extraordinarily exceptional. Out of several thousands of fragments of vessels in the unearthed part of the settlement in Slavonski Brod, only two vessels were decorated with this technique. On one vessel the stitches are distributed randomly on the entire surface of the belly, whereas on the other vessel - a ball-shaped pot with an S profile and a curved neck - a stylised figure, conceivably of a bird, was represented in the technique of stitching. Keeping in mind the small number of unearthed specimens for the time being we may conclude that this decoration technique was applied on vessels in the Linear A, Spiraloid A and B stages. The technique of sculpturing (Fig. 6, 7) offered a broad range of motifs, which were shaped in two ways: by appliqués in the shape of a knob or by relief bands with fingerprints. An extraordinarily beautiful example of decorating vessels in the sculpturing technique is a relief of a female figure with hands raised in prayer-position, made with relief bands with fingerprints (Fig. 7); up to the present this is a unique example in the Starčevo settlement at Slavonski Brod (MINICHREITER, 2000, 5-15, Fig. 1). This analysis of decorative art in coarse pottery of the Starčevo settlement at Galovo in Slavonski Brod is made possible by the release of numerous mobile archaeological artefacts unearthed in the five-year dig. Even though only a small part of pottery finds have been processed, the characteristics of decorative styles and the shapes of vessels, which show great similarity to Zadubravlje, classify Galovo in Slavonski Brod as belonging to the early developmental stage of the Starčevo culture - Linear A (according to S. Dimitrijević). Analyses of vessels made with more or less skill at a time when the firing of clay vessels had only just begun have shown that the decoration of vessels was multivalent. - Decorating surfaces with barbotine appliqués had a practical function as well, it did not serve merely as ornamentation. Large pots had a smooth surface and therefore small pieces of clay of flat, irregular shapes were pasted on the sides of their bellies for easier carrying. Double or triple knobs were pasted onto large pots, holding the ropes on which the vessels used to hang. - Remains of wickerwork baskets are visible on the outside of some clay vessels, indicating that the earlier tradition of production of certain kinds of clay vessels in the rudimentary way - a wickerwork basket coated with clay on the inside - lasted up into the Linear A stage. A sculpted ear or an ear impresso mostly recall stylised imitations of wickerwork baskets. - The third kind of decoration - which is the most difficult to decipher - are symbolic messages or notes on vessels. Thus the motif of an ear impresso actually recalls grain ears, suggesting that these pots served as containers for cereals. A stylised female figurine on large pots is presumably a symbol of fertility - the magna mater, suggesting that these pots served for cult rites. We can only conjecture on the actual meaning of the messages “written” on vessels by the first farmers. Although at first it might appear simple and easily accessible, the interpretation of vessel ornaments is a highly complex problem. If we want to understand the thought world of the population of that time, the interpretation of vessel ornaments cannot be limited only to explaining the motifs and techniques of their production. Obviously the outer surface form was of two different kinds: one kind of vessel was decorated for practical purposes, whereas ornaments on the other kind of vessel had a deeper meaning - they were the oldest written evidence left by the first populations of their way of thinking, expressed in symbols, on the experience of life as a continuous increase of their own awareness. For the first agricultural populations, their understanding of natural phenomena, their perception of seasonal changes, as well as their observation of the animal behaviour (the beginning of the domestication) were of crucial importance to their survival. The vicinity of deities (symbolic figurines in houses and reliefs on vessels) as well as certain cult practices are the oldest and the most mysterious way of expressing the primordial need to attain the best possible understanding and closeness with nature, which they felt as a constituent part of themselves, aware that their survival depended upon it.
- Published
- 2003
44. Grabrovac kod Đakova i početak brončanog doba u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj
- Author
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Zorko Marković
- Subjects
Grabrovac kod Đakova ,početak ranoga brončanog doba ,rana vinkovačka kultura ,vučedolska kultura C stupnja ,import ,konsekrativni rogovi ,Vinkovci ,Apatovac ,Rudina 1 ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,zapadna Mađarska ,Bosna ,Slovenija ,Srijem ,Grabrovac bei Đakovo ,Beginn der Frühbronzezeit ,frühe Vinkovci-Kultur ,Vučedol-Kultur der C-Stufe ,Import ,Konsekrationshörner ,Nordkroatien ,Westungarn ,Bosnien ,Slowenien ,Sirmien - Abstract
Nalazište Grabrovac kod Đakova istražuje se od 1980. godine. Do danas su poznati nalazi većine lokalnih prapovijesnih kultura, od ranoneolitičke starčevačke do početka srednjega brončanog doba. Godine 1997. pronađene su tri jame s početka ranoga brončanog doba. U dvije jame, uz ranu vinkovačku keramiku pronađena je i importirana vučedolska keramika C stupnja. Među vinkovačkim nalazima nekoliko oblika i ukrasa uočeno je ovdje prvi put, čime je obogaćeno poznavanje rane faze ove kulture. Kod kasnovučedolskih nalaza također je uočeno nekoliko rjeđih ukrasa, a posebno se ističe dio žrtvenika u obliku konsekrativnih rogova, prvi takav nalaz uopće zasvjedočen u ranobrončanodobnom kontekstu. Pronađene su i karakteristične ranobrončanodobne strjelice. Vrlo dobre analogije većini materijala nalaze se na lokalitetu Hotel u Vinkovcima, ali i izvan slavonskog prostora. Rana vinkovačka kultura u početku se prostire do okolice Našica, a od okolice Požege do linije Ludbreg - Staro Čiče u isto vrijeme egzistira vučedolska kultura C stupnja (najvažniji predstavnici Apatovac i Rudina 1). Stoga je na obje strane vidljivo međusobno prožimanje, kao i na području zapadne Mađarske, Bosne i Slovenije. Kada se u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj stabilizira vinkovačka kultura kasnijega A stupnja, prestaje egzistencija vučedolske kulture., Der Fundort Grabrovac bei Đakovo in Slawonien wird vom Regionalmuseum in Đakovo seit dem Jahr 1980 erforscht. Bis 1997 wurden Funde aus dem Neolithikum (Starčevo- und Sopot-Kultur), Äneolithikum (alle Kulturen mit Ausnahme der Vučedol-Kultur), und bis zum Ende der frühen Bronzezeit (Licene-Keramik, pannonische inkrustierte Keramik) entdeckt. Im Jahr 1997 wurden 3 Gruben der frühen Vinkovci-Kultur entdeckt. In zweien davon befand sich importierte Vučedol-Keramik der C-Stufe (Abb. 1)1-4. Die meisten Analogien im Material bestehen in den Schichten mit der frühen Vinkovci-Kultur und dem Import der C-Stufe der Vučedol-Kultur am bekannten Fundort Vinkovci–Hotel/ Tržnica6-10 usw. Die gesamte grobe Töpferware weist die gleichen Eigenschaften auf und läßt sich nicht unterteilen: Ihre Farbe ist grau und schwarz bis braun und rötlich. Sehr häufig kommt im unteren Teil der größeren und kleineren Töpfe Barbotin vor, und der Halsteil ist meistens undekoriert, manchmal mit einem plastischen Band mit Fingerabdrücken (T. 6, 2) oder knopfförmigen Applizierungen (T. 1, 4) versehen, selten mit gekreuzten eingeritzten Linien verziert (T. 1, 1). Barbotin wurde unregelmäßig aufgetragen, ist aber sehr häufig vertikal, horizontal oder schräg kanelliert. Für den Beginn der Bronzezeit sind die paarweise vorkommenden Scheinhenkel an der Gefäßlippe (T. 5, 3) charakteristisch, die in der Vinkovci-Kultur zum ersten Mal hier verzeichnet werden konnten20-22. Die Feinkeramik läßt sich klar in die von Vinkovci und von Vučedol einteilen. Die Vinkovci-Keramik ist schwarz und grau bis braun, während die von Vučedol überwiegend schwarz und grau ist. Charakteristische Vinkovci-Formen sind: verschiedene Schüsseln mit flacher, umgebogener Lippe, manchmal mit einem Henkel an der Lippe oder mit Barbotin im unteren Teil (T. 2, 5-7, T. 4, 5, T. 6, 1); kleinere oder größere Becher mit Henkel unter der Lippe (T. 3, 2) oder direkt an der Lippe angesetzt (T. 2, 4); zylindrische Fläschchen mit kleinem Henkel an der Lippe (T. 3, 1); Scheinkrüge/-becher (T. 2, 2, T. 4, 1, T. 5, 1). Es kommen auch Amphorenformen vor (T. 4, 4). Bisher wurde das Vorkommen der kleinen viereckigen Flasche noch nicht verzeichnet (T. 2, 1). Die charakteristische Verzierung ist die vertikale Zickzacklinie, manchmal kombiniert mit einem horizontalen Band eingestempelter Löcher (T. 1, 6, T. 4, 1, T. 6, 3). Mehrere Gefäße sind mit bisher selten vorkommenden Reihen von kleinen Stichen dekoriert, die horizontal, vertikal und schräg über Hals und Bauch des Gefäßes verteilt sind und manchmal mit runden Stempelmustern oder dichten Kammstrichmustern vorkommen (T. 1, 3, T. 2, 1, 2, 8). Charakteristische Spät-Vučedol-Formen sind: Trinkschalen (auch Kelche) mit flach gearbeiteter und verzierter Lippe und kleinem Henkel am Rand (T. 1, 5), größere und kleinere Amphoren (T. 1, 2, T. 3, 4, T. 4, 2, 3, T. 5, 2, 4) sowie auch zahlreichere bikonische oder seltener bauchige Schüsseln (T. 3, 5, T. 4, 6, T. 5, 5, 6). Unter den Dekorationstechniken kommen am häufigsten gestochene Bänder und einfache Ritzverzierungen, seltener eingeschnittene Verzierungen vor. Häufige Verzierung an Schüsseln ist die negative Abbildung des horizontalen Zickzackbandes (T. 4, 6, T. 5, 5), selten kommt aber auch das Schachbrettband (T. 3, 5) oder das horizontale Rillenmuster (T. 5, 6) vor. Die Amphoren sind oft mit einfachen gestochenen horizontalen und vertikalen Zickzacklinien verziert (T. 1, 2, T. 4, 2, T. 5, 2). Das Kettenmotiv kommt an der Lippe der Trinkschale (T. 1, 5) und am Bauch der Amphore (T. 5, 4) vor. Besonders sei auf die Amphore mit zwei horizontalen Reihen von geritzten Dreiecken am Bauch hingewiesen (T. 4, 3). Äußerst selten ist die Verzierung mit den dicht aneinander gereihten horizontalen Rillen und dichten Winkelmustern (T. 3, 4). Eine große Überraschung ist der erste Fund verzierter Konsekrationshörner von Vučedol (Sattelaltar) in der frühbronzezeitlichen Vinkovci-Grube 2 (T. 3, 3)23-26. Er zeugt von der Fortsetzung des Vor-indoeuropäischen Kults der Großen Mutter noch zu Beginn der Bronzezeit. Darüber hinaus erwähne ich als weiteres Argument aus der gleichen Periode auch die Keramikhörner und die Opferbestattung eines Rinderkopfes am Standort Rudina 1 (zwischen Koprivnica und Križevci), aus der C-Stufe der Vučedol-Kultur28-29. Das Modell eines Rades (T. 6, 7) sowie einer Hirschhornhacke (T. 6, 4) sind im Äneolithikum und in der Bronzezeit häufig, und Pfeile mit Einkerbung (T. 6, 5-6) sind für die frühe Bronzezeit charakteristisch. In ihrer Frühphase reicht das Verbreitungsgebiet der Vinkovci-Kultur im Zwischenstromgebiet der Donau, Drau und Sawa von Zemun in Ostsirmien bis nach Ilok, Vinkovci, Đakovo und die Gegend von Našice in Slawonien. Gleichzeitig deckt die Vučedol-Kultur der C-Stufe das Gebiet von der Umgebung von Požega bis zur Linie Ludbreg–Staro Čiče (bei Zagreb) ab; sie ist in der frühen Phase der C-Stufe vom Fundort Apatovac vertreten, und in der späten Phase von Rudina 1, Martinac, Orovac und Ludbreg. Die Vinkovci- Kultur breitet sich später auch auf dieses Gebiet aus. Die BStufe der Vinkovci-Kultur besteht neben Vinkovci auch in Sarvaš sowie am Standort Delova bei Koprivnica. Unklar ist noch immer die chronologische Einordnung des Bebrina- Typus im Verhältnis zur B-Stufe der Vinkovci-Kultur. In einem Teil Westungarns, vor allem in der Baranya, ist die Situation mit der spätesten Vučedol- und der frühen Somogyvár-Kultur des gleichen Kultur-Komplexes (Vinkovci–Somogyvár) ähnlich, vor allem an den Standorten Lánycsók, Zók, Szava, Nagyarpad (selbständige Vučedol-Kultur oder als Import). Besonders wichtig ist die Siedlungsstelle Börzönce (Komitat Zala) in der Nähe der spätesten kroatischen Vučedol-Fundorte um Bjelovar, Koprivnica und Ludbreg. Verwandtschaften kommen auch in der lokalen westbosnischen Variante der spätesten Vučedol-Kultur (Siedlungsstelle Zecovi) sowie in einem Teil der Spät-Vučedol-Funde von Ig bei Ljubljana in Slowenien zum Ausdruck.
- Published
- 2002
45. Neki arheološki primjeri zaposjedanja ruševina antičkih urbanih cjelina u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj tijekom srednjeg vijeka
- Author
-
Tajana Sekelj Ivančan
- Subjects
sjeverna Hrvatska ,ruševine antičkih urbanih cjelina ,Osijek, Vinkovci ,Ludbreg ,Sisak ,srednji vijek ,zakonitosti zaposjedanja prostora ,Osijek ,Vinkovci ,Nordkroatien ,Ruinen der antiken städtischer Anlagen ,Mittelalter ,Gesetzmäßkeiten bei der Besiedlung - Abstract
U sjevernoj Hrvatskoj na lokalitetima većih urbanih antičkih cjelina uz pretežito antičku arheološku građu registrirano je više srednjovjekovnih nalaza. Lociranje položaja nalaza iz srednjeg vijeka u odnosu na ruševine antičkih urbanih cjelina na primjerima Osijeka, Vinkovaca, Ludbrega i Siska, pokazalo je određene zakonitosti odabira sličnog prostora za stanovanje ili pokapanje stanovništva u određenom razdoblju srednjeg vijeka, a u odnosu na stariju antičku i kasnoantičku ostavštinu. Analiza je pokazala stanoviti kontinuitet uporabe prostora antičkog grada i njenih nekropola kroz kasnu antiku i ranokršćansko razdoblje te u vrijeme rane seobe naroda. Tijekom 7. i 8. stoljeća arheološki nalazi na tim prostorima nedostaju ili su sporadični, a locirani su na udaljenijim položajima, dok se na prijelazu 9. u 10. stoljeće lokacije za stanovanje ili pokapanje ponovno približavaju ruševinama antičkih gradova. Stanovništvo iz vremena obilježenog značajkama bjelobrdskog kulturnog kruga te kasnijom izgradnjom sakralnih objekata ponovno odabire mjesta antičkih nekropola za pokapanje svojih mrtvih, odnosno prostor unutar stare antičke jezgre za stanovanje iz čega se formiraju centri srednjovjekovnih naselja spominjanih od kraja 12. do početka 14. stoljeća u povijesnim izvorima.
- Published
- 2001
46. Novopronađeni rimskodobni intaljo iz Male Mlake (Turopolje)
- Author
-
Migotti, Branka
- Subjects
rimsko razdoblje ,intaljo ,Spes ,Mala Mlaka ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
Na nalazištu na kojemu je rekognosciranjem i pokusnim iskopavanjem 1979. i 1981. ustanovljena rimska vila, naknadno je na površini nađen rimski intagljio s razmjerno rijetkim prikazom božice Spes. Predmet se datira (kraj. 1. - 2. st.) i analizora ikonografski i s aspekta radioničkog podrijetla, te materijala, za koji se bez rengenske difrakcijske analize ne može sa sigurnošću ustanoviti je li u pitanju staklena pasta ili poludragi kamen ahat.
- Published
- 2001
47. Typological classification of pottery of the early Starčevo culture from the pit-dwelling10 in Zadubravlje
- Author
-
Minichreiter, Kornelija
- Subjects
neolithic ,early Starčevo culture ,Linear A ,typological classification ,pottery ,Zadubravlje ,northern Croatia ,neolitik ,rana starčevačka kultura ,linear A ,tipološka klasifikacija ,keramika ,sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
Prva arheološka istraživanja neolitičkog naselja u Zadubravlju kod Slavonskog Broda (vremenski pripada ranoj fazi starčevačke kulture) provedena 1989. i 1990. g. na površini od 6.200 m², omogućila su izradu tipološke klasifikacije keramike stupnja linear A starčevačke kulture. Otkrićem brojne arheološke građe (oko 7.690 ulomaka keramike), stvorena je mogućnost detaljnih analiza i kompjutorske obrade podataka o najranijoj lončarskoj proizvodnji na tlu sjeverne Hrvatske. U ovom radu objelodanjeni su rezultati analiza keramičkih nalaza iz stambene zemunice 10 u Zadubravlju, kao dio prve baze podataka tipologije keramike za neolitičko razdoblje u Hrvatskoj.
- Published
- 2001
48. Pučke misije u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća
- Author
-
Mijo Korade
- Subjects
pučke misije ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,19. stoljeće - Abstract
Skupina dalmatinskih pučkih misionara djeluje u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj od sredine 19. stoljeća svega petnaestak godina, kada je zbog raznih okolnosti prekinut njihov rad. Vratili su se samo u Zagrebačku biskupiju tek godine 1895., nastavljajući svoju djelatnost u 20. st. Ovdje se želi prikazati kronološki pregled djelovanja misionara, okolnosti i vjerski utjecaj, a osobito društveni i kulturni aspekt tih pučkih misija., The author examines the activities of Jesuit local missionaries in northern Croatia. They are active there from 1855 to 1869 and again, just in the Zagreb diocese, from 1895. The author traces the development of Jesuit missions, their organisation, the places they visited, the difficulties they faced, and the social and political influence those missions had. He also describes religious and moral circumstances in which the missionaries operated and focuses on the literary and cultural initiatives of the missionaries, particularly on the foundation of the Croatian Literary Society St. Jerome.
- Published
- 2000
49. Slučajni nalaz ognjišta na lokalitetu Borovljani Srednje brdo kraj Koprivnice i slični srednjovjekovni nalazi evidentirani na području sjeverne Hrvatske
- Author
-
Tajana Sekelj Ivančan
- Subjects
slučajni nalaz ,ognjište ,keramika ,srednji vijek ,Borovljani kraj Koprivnice ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,Borovljani kraj Koprivnice, sjeverna Hrvatska - Abstract
U proljeće 1999. godine pri iskopu podruma kuće u mjestu Borovljani kraj Koprivnice, slučano su pronađeni tragovi ognjišta. Srednjovjekovno ognjište bilo je kruškolikog oblika s većom nakupinom zapečene zemlje, lijepa i gara te mnoštvom ulomaka srednjovjekovne keramike, od kojih je bilo moguće rekonstruirati četiri posude. Sve posude izrađene su na lončarskom kolu i ovirno bi se mogle opredijeliti u doba od 8. do 10. stiljeća.
- Published
- 2000
50. Ranokršćanska freska iz Štrbinaca kod Đakova
- Author
-
Branka Migotti
- Subjects
Štrbinci ,Đakovo ,sjeverna Hrvatska ,ranokršćanska freska ,solarna kristologija ,arheološko stajalište ,ikonografija ,simbolika ,antika - Abstract
Ovaj rad opisuje i analizira s likovno-stilskog, ikonografsko-simboličkog i arheološko-povijesnog stajališta ranokršćansku fresku pronađenu 1991. g. na lokalitetu Štrbinci kod Đakova (vjerojatno rimska Certissa). Prizor koji sadrži motive dvaju sučeljenih paunova uz posudu, te kristogram i likove sunca i zvijezda u međuprostorima, obrubljen rešetkastom vrpcom, protumačen je kao alegorija spasenja i uskrsnuća, odnosno vječnog života. Na temelju stilsko-sadržajnih odrednica i arehološkog kontetksta freska je datirana u treću četvrtinu 4. st. i opredjeljena kao ostvarenje domaće sredine.
- Published
- 1997
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