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Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria in insects that can manipulate the sexual development and reproduction by male killing or other methods. We have recently identified a Wolbachia protein named Oscar that acts as a male‐killing factor for lepidopteran insects. Oscar interacts with the Masculinizer (Masc) protein, which is required for both masculinization and dosage compensation (DC) in lepidopteran insects. Embryonic expression of Oscar inhibits masculinization and causes male killing in two lepidopteran species, Ostrinia furnacalis and Bombyx mori. However, it remains unknown whether Oscar‐induced male killing is caused by a failure of DC. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis of Oscar complementary RNA‐injected O. furnacalis and B. mori embryos, and found that Oscar primarily targets the Masc protein, resulting in male killing by interfering with DC in lepidopteran insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the circulation and chemical processes associated with the deposition of the largest oil spill that reached the northeast coast of Brazil during the second half of 2019. Using the Oil Spill Contingency And Response model (OSCAR), we performed both deterministic and probabilistic simulations of oil spills from tanker ships that were present in the sea in the region at the time. The study used a dataset comprising the latitudinal distribution of oil sightings along the coast between 31 August and 2 December 2019 (box plot analysis) provided by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA). The total amount of oil that reached the coast during this period (approximately 5000 tons) and the date and location of the first sighting (30 August, in the southern part of the state of Paraíba (PB)) were also used as parameters to assess the results of the 31 simulations conducted for ships en route near the area of interest between July and August 2019. The results indicate that a leak having occurred through a mobile source is the most plausible hypothesis for explaining the observed temporal–spatial arrival of the oil leaks along the Brazilian coastline. We suggest that prevention, monitoring, and international cooperation are essential for reducing the risks of future environmental accidents of the kind analyzed in this study and to protect the environment and communities affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The western Arctic marginal seas undergo large seasonal variation, but are very challenging to observe directly due to sea ice and shallow depths. Deployments of several saildrone uncrewed surface vehicles in the summers of 2018 and 2019 provided unique opportunities to validate the satellite‐derived near surface currents, Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time (OSCAR), in the western Arctic marginal seas against in situ upper ocean current measurements. Overall, OSCAR current is biased low (by 5.3 cm/s) with significant noise. Higher vector correlation estimated by the cosine similarity and speed differences often occur where stronger currents (often topography‐steered) are observed. Such differences reveal that the data set resolvability depends on spatial and temporal resolutions, smoothing, and latitudes, suggesting that OSCAR is able to depict the major current systems but significantly underestimates their strength. Poorer vector correlation occurs at weaker current regimes (<10 cm/s), over the shallow Hanna Shoal, near fresher water due to ice melt and river discharge. The latter two water class regimes highlight the importance of salinity contribution to the buoyancy force which is neglected in the OSCAR formulation. Plain Language Summary: It is challenging to make direct measurements in the western Arctic marginal seas, which undergo large seasonal swings, because of the sea ice and shallow depths. We validate the satellite‐derived surface current product, Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time (OSCAR), against observations from saildrone uncrewed surface vehicles in the western Arctic marginal seas cruising in summers of 2018 and 2019. Overall, OSCAR current is biased low and noisy. Higher current direction relation and speed differences often occur where stronger currents are observed. Such differences suggest that the reliability of OSCAR depends on several factors. It also suggests that OSCAR is able to depict the major current systems but significantly underestimates their strength. Poorer current direction relation occurs at weaker current regimes, over the shallow Hanna Shoal, near fresher water due to ice melt and river discharge. The latter two regimes highlight the importance of salinity information, which however, is neglected in the OSCAR model. Key Points: This study validates Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time (OSCAR) satellite derived surface currents in the western Arctic, including the very shallow waters, by saildronesHigh vector correlation but larger vector difference between OSCAR and saildrone currents often occur in strong topography guided currentsLow vector correlation occurs at weaker currents, over the shallow Hanna Shoal, and near fresher waters due to ice melt and river discharge [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes local inflammation and pain, significantly reducing the quality of life and normal social activities of patients. Currently, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) available, and treatment relies on pain relief agents or arthroplasty. To address this significant unmet medical need, we aimed to develop monoclonal antibodies that can block the osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR). Our recent study has revealed the importance of OSCAR in OA pathogenesis as a novel catabolic regulator that induces chondrocyte apoptosis and accelerates articular cartilage destruction. It was also shown that blocking OSCAR with a soluble OSCAR decoy receptor ameliorated OA in animal models. In this study, OSCAR-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were isolated and optimized by phage display. These antibodies bind to and directly neutralize OSCAR, unlike the decoy receptor, which binds to the ubiquitously expressed collagen and may result in reduced efficacy or deleterious off-target effects. The DMOAD potential of the anti-OSCAR antibodies was assessed with in vitro cell-based assays and an in vivo OA model. The results demonstrated that the anti-OSCAR antibodies significantly reduced cartilage destruction and other OA signs, such as subchondral bone plate sclerosis and loss of hyaline cartilage. Hence, blocking OSCAR with a monoclonal antibody could be a promising treatment strategy for OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cichlidae family has more than 1300 species which in turn have great species morphologic differences. In this study, histology of liver, spleen and pancreas of four cichlid species (green terror cichlid, Oscar, giraffe cichlid and Texas cichlid) were compared. For this purpose, four apparently normal fish specimens from each species were selected after killing of which, tissue samples were taken. The sections stained with two methods (Haematoxillin- Eosin and Periodic acid Schiff). The results showed that all liver sections contained pancreas tissues around the liver blood vessels. Liver cells size in two species (green terror cichlid and giraffe cichlid) was significantly bigger than the two other species. The liver cell to pancreatic cell ratios also was significantly higher in two species. The liver size in giraffe cichlid, was even significantly bigger than the green terror cichlid. Exocrine pancreatic cell size in all 4 species showed no significant difference. The spleen in four fish species showed different degrees of amount and intensity in melanomacrophage centers. In PAS stained sections, only the pancreatic tissues showed more PAS positive reaction that may be due to the more glycogen content. The liver showed a weak PAS reaction. The bigger size formation of liver cells in two species can be due to feeding regime or simply a species specific trait. Yet more investigation is still needed to determine the importance of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated Corrosion Product (ACP) formation and deposition pose a critical safety issue for nuclear fusion reactors. The working fluid transports the ACPs towards regions accessible by worker personnel, i.e., the steam generator. The code OSCAR-Fusion has been developed by the CEA (France) to evaluate the ACP generation and transport in closed water-cooled loops for fusion application. This work preliminary assesses the impact of water chemistry on the transport, precipitation, and deposition of corrosion products for the EU-DEMO divertor Plasma Facing Unit Primary Heat Transfer System. Sensitivity analyses and uncertainty quantification are needed due to the multi-physics phenomena involved in ACP formation and transport. The OSCAR-Fusion/RAVEN code coupling developed by the Sapienza University of Rome and ENEA are used. This work presents the perturbation results of different parameters chosen for a closed water-cooled loop considering a continuous scenario of 1888 days. The aim of this work is to preliminarily assess the variation of build-up of ACPs, perturbing the alkalizing agent concentration into the coolant, and the corrosion and release rates of different materials. The assessment of ACP formation deposition and transport is fundamental for source term identification, reduction of radiation exposure assessment, maintenance plan definition, design optimization, and waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CERN (Centre Europeen pour la Recherce Nucleaire) is the largest research centre for high energy physics (HEP). It offers unique computational challenges as a result of the large amount of data generated by the large hadron collider. CERN has developed and supports a software called ROOT, which is the de facto standard for HEP data analysis. This framework offers a high-level and easy-to-use interface called RDataFrame, which allows managing and processing large data sets. In recent years, its functionality has been extended to take advantage of distributed computing capabilities. Thanks to its declarative programming model, the user-facing API can be decoupled from the actual execution backend. This decoupling allows physical analysis to scale automatically to thousands of computational cores over various types of distributed resources. In fact, the distributed RDataFrame module already supports the use of established general industry engines such as Apache Spark or Dask. Notwithstanding the foregoing, these current solutions will not be sufficient to meet future requirements in terms of the amount of data that the new projected accelerators will generate. It is of interest, for this reason, to investigate a different approach, the one offered by serverless computing. Based on a first prototype using AWS Lambda, this work presents the creation of a new backend for RDataFrame distributed over the OSCAR tool, an open source framework that supports serverless computing. The implementation introduces new ways, relative to the AWS Lambda-based prototype, to synchronize the work of functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the circulation and chemical processes associated with the deposition of the largest oil spill that reached the northeast coast of Brazil during the second half of 2019. Using the Oil Spill Contingency And Response model (OSCAR), we performed both deterministic and probabilistic simulations of oil spills from tanker ships that were present in the sea in the region at the time. The study used a dataset comprising the latitudinal distribution of oil sightings along the coast between 31 August and 2 December 2019 (box plot analysis) provided by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA). The total amount of oil that reached the coast during this period (approximately 5000 tons) and the date and location of the first sighting (30 August, in the southern part of the state of Paraíba (PB)) were also used as parameters to assess the results of the 31 simulations conducted for ships en route near the area of interest between July and August 2019. The results indicate that a leak having occurred through a mobile source is the most plausible hypothesis for explaining the observed temporal–spatial arrival of the oil leaks along the Brazilian coastline. We suggest that prevention, monitoring, and international cooperation are essential for reducing the risks of future environmental accidents of the kind analyzed in this study and to protect the environment and communities affected.

The aim of this study is to get a comparative picture of oral health of Special Olympics (SO) athletes in the 4 countries involved in Erasmus+ project 2019-1-RO01-KA202-063820 Oral Special Care Academic Resources (OSCAR): France (FR), Italy (IT), Romania (RO) and Turkey (TR). Material and methods. A comprehensive literature search of recently published (Jan 2010-Nov 2021) data on the oral health of SO Special Smiles (SS) athletes from RO, TR, FR, IT was conducted during December 2021 according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed electronic database was searched for full-text articles in English. From the initial 101 studies, 5 were selected. Results. Gingivitis was reported in 49.52% of FR, 60.60 to 62.2% of IT, 66.29% of TR and 70.41 to 79% of RO SO athletes. Sealants were found in 4.5% of RO and 9.4% of IT. Detailed oral health data were only available for SO RO athletes, whose treatment needs were met up to 25%; 2 out of 3 RO SO athletes had less than 10% of the needed treatment done. Conclusions. SO athletes from the four analysed countries still have a lot of unmet dental treatment needs and few sealed permanent teeth. Romanian SO athletes have poorer oral health status as compared to peers from Italy, France, and Turkey. An upgrade of the standard Special Smiles screening protocol could enable more reliable comparisons between SO athletes from various countries. Targeted preventive programs and educational projects for patients, families and dentists are needed in order to improve oral health of people with intellectual disabilities.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes local inflammation and pain, significantly reducing the quality of life and normal social activities of patients. Currently, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) available, and treatment relies on pain relief agents or arthroplasty. To address this significant unmet medical need, we aimed to develop monoclonal antibodies that can block the osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR). Our recent study has revealed the importance of OSCAR in OA pathogenesis as a novel catabolic regulator that induces chondrocyte apoptosis and accelerates articular cartilage destruction. It was also shown that blocking OSCAR with a soluble OSCAR decoy receptor ameliorated OA in animal models. In this study, OSCAR-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were isolated and optimized by phage display. These antibodies bind to and directly neutralize OSCAR, unlike the decoy receptor, which binds to the ubiquitously expressed collagen and may result in reduced efficacy or deleterious off-target effects. The DMOAD potential of the anti-OSCAR antibodies was assessed with in vitro cell-based assays and an in vivo OA model. The results demonstrated that the anti-OSCAR antibodies significantly reduced cartilage destruction and other OA signs, such as subchondral bone plate sclerosis and loss of hyaline cartilage. Hence, blocking OSCAR with a monoclonal antibody could be a promising treatment strategy for OA.

El techo de cristal es un concepto que define la dificultad que encuentran las mujeres para acceder a ciertas posiciones en el sector laboral. De forma habitual se comprueba cómo cuanto más se asciende en la escala de puestos directivos menor es la presencia de mujeres debido a que su carrera se trunca durante su vida laboral antes de tener la oportunidad de avanzar hacia puestos elevados. La industria cinematográfica es un sector que no parece escapar a esta lógica de desigualdad y, por eso, el presente estudio se ocupa de analizar la presencia de las mujeres en un certamen tan relevante como los premios Oscar concedidos por la Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas. Se ha priorizado la elección de este ejemplo sobre otros debido a la relevancia internacional del certamen como referencia de la industria del cine a nivel mundial, además de la disponibilidad de información que ofrece la entidad. La metodología empleada está basada en un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo de revisión de fuentes documentales y análisis de datos obtenidos de bases de datos de acceso abierto. Los resultados procesados y codificados muestran como las mujeres se encuentran infrarrepresentadas en la concesión de premios en el ejercicio de la profesión audiovisual a pesar de que las cifran tienden a aumentar conforme pasan los años.

Fashion is a form of communication and social status, sex, nationality, for both communities and individuals. It includes not only clothing, but also accessories, jewelry, even hairstyles and body beauty. The cultural and civilizational identity of a nation is the fixed, fundamental and common destiny of the general characteristics and characteristics that distinguish the civilization of this nation from other civilizations, which make the national or national character, characterize it from other national and national figures. Since the design is the selection and arrangement of all the elements used to ensure that it is produced aesthetically so that the uniform appears clearly in line, shape, color and corresponds to the contemporary period it is the creative work that achieves a certain satisfaction.This research aims to study the distinctive features of the Oscars to identify what is new in the fashion world, especially fashion design including new quotations in lines, colors or materials to reach the fashion tired of others and become modern designs. It is possible to fit some and do not suit others, and here came the idea of research monitoring some of these designs in the festival and redesigning them with an Islamic identity in accordance with Egyptian customs and traditions.The descriptive method is followed. The most important results of the study were to classify the styles of the international designers in this festival and analyze the most exciting designs, then processing them to fit modern women with an Egyptian identity with the vision of an Arab designer who is well-versed, capable and bold, able to follow the international fashion that many women expect to feel proud and possessing in addition to excellence in clothing and high quality techniques that keep pace international fashion and the Islamic identity of Egypt in the spirit the designs of the international Academy of Oscars, which many women like.Keywords: Oscar, Fashion Designs, Egyptian Identity.

Formation of mature bone-resorbing cells through osteoclastogenesis is required for the continuous remodeling and repair of bone tissue. In aging and disease this process may become aberrant, resulting in excessive bone degradation and fragility fractures. Interaction of receptor-activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) with its ligand RANKL activates the main signaling pathway for osteoclastogenesis. However, compelling evidence indicates that this pathway may not be sufficient for the production of mature osteoclast cells and that co-stimulatory signals may be required for both the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and the activation of osteoclasts. Osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), a regulator of osteoclast differentiation, provides one such co-stimulatory pathway. This review summarizes our present knowledge of osteoclastogenesis signaling and the role of OSCAR in the normal production of bone-resorbing cells and in bone disease. Understanding the signaling mechanism through this receptor and how it contributes to the production of mature osteoclasts may offer a more specific and targeted approach for pharmacological intervention against pathological bone resorption.

It is advantageous for maternally transmitted endosymbionts to skew the sex ratio of their hosts toward females. Some endosymbiotic bacteria, such as Wolbachia , cause their insect hosts to exclusively produce female offspring through male killing (MK) or feminization. In some lepidopteran insects, MK is achieved by affecting the sex-determining process in males, and a unique mechanism of MK and its functional link with feminization have been implicated. However, comparative analysis of these phenotypes is often difficult because they have been analyzed in different host-symbiont systems, and transinfection of Wolbachia across different hosts is often challenging. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of nine Wolbachia strains on the splicing of sex-determining genes in Lepidoptera by fixing the host genetic background using a cell culture system. Cell transinfection assays confirmed that three MK-inducing Wolbachia strains and one feminization-inducing Wolbachia strain increased the female-type splicing products of the core sex-determining genes doublesex , masculinizer , and zinc finger protein 2 . Regarding Wolbachia strains that do not induce MK/feminization, three had no effect on these sex-determining genes, whereas two strains induced female-type splicing of masculinizer and doublesex but not zinc finger protein 2 . Comparative genomics confirmed that homologs of oscar , the Wolbachia gene responsible for MK in Ostrinia , were encoded by four MK/feminizing Wolbachia strains, but not by five non-MK/nonfeminizing strains. These results support the conserved effects underlying MK and feminization induced by oscar -bearing Wolbachia and suggested other potential mechanisms that Wolbachia might employ to manipulate host sex., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of National Academy of Sciences.)

L’intervento intende analizzare la fisionomia paratestuale che caratterizza la serie monografica dedicata a Calvino presso gli Oscar Mondadori negli anni della prima edizione. A differenza della prassi editoriale maggioritaria della collana – che accompagna i testi letterari con scritti critici di voci terze – le Opere di IC vengono presentate da peritesti d’autore, riservando alla voce di Calvino ogni spazio intorno ai suoi testi. Si tratta di un caso eccezionale che non ha riscontri in nessun’altra compagine degli Oscar e che riflette la strategia di Mondadori di proporre a un pubblico generalista la figura di un autore «classico» che si presenta da sé. L’ottica teorica del lavoro si basa su Soglie di Gérard Genette e L’ordine dei libri di Roger Chartier, in cui illustrano come lo stato editoriale concorra a influenzare la ricezione del testo da parte dei lettori.

Contexte. Afin de prolonger une conduite automobile sécuritaire des conducteurs âgés, il importe de mettre en place des interventions de perfectionnement de la conduite. But. Cette étude pilote visait à vérifier les effets d’une intervention de perfectionnement de la conduite automobile auprès de conducteurs âgés. Méthodologie. Un dispositif pré-expérimental (questionnaires en pré-test avant l’intervention et post-test quatre à huit semaines après) a été utilisé auprès de 19 conducteurs âgés de 50 ans et plus. L’intervention comprenait le programme théorique de groupe 55 ans au volant, l’Outil de sensibilisation aux capacités requises pour une conduite automobile sécuritaire et responsable (OSCAR) et un cours individuel de conduite sur route. Résultats. À la suite de l’intervention, les participants ont significativement amélioré leur intérêt, leur ouverture et leurs connaissances en lien avec la conduite automobile (p = 0,01). Selon leur perception, peu de changements sont toutefois survenus dans leurs capacités de conduite et leur utilisation de stratégies compensatoires. Discussion. En améliorant l’intérêt, l’ouverture et les connaissances des conducteurs âgés, l’intervention les amène à mettre en place les premières étapes nécessaires à une meilleure régulation de comportement leur permettant de faire face aux difficultés en conduite liées à l’âge. Néanmoins, des études complémentaires impliquant un groupe contrôle et une évaluation sur route seraient nécessaires pour mieux appréhender les effets de cette intervention sur les différentes phases de changement de comportement permettant la mise en place d’une conduite sécuritaire chez les aînés. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Effects of a driving awareness intervention in older drivers Context. To extend safe driving of older drivers, it is important to set up awareness and improvement interventions. Aims. This pilot study aimed to verify the impacts of a theoretical and practical intervention in older drivers. Methods. A pre-experimental design including a pre-test and a post-test evaluations (questionnaires), before and four to eight weeks after the intervention, was used with 19 seniors aged 50 or older. The intervention was composed by the 55 Alive program, the awareness tool OSCAR and an on-road course. Results. Following the intervention, participants significantly improved their interest, openness and knowledge related to driving declared (p = 0.01). However, according to their perception, changes in their driving abilities and use of compensatory strategies have not occurred. Discussion. By improving the interest, openness and knowledge of older drivers, the intervention lead them to achieve the first steps required for the adoption of a behaviour change enabling them to deal with the age-related difficulties encountered in driving. Further investigations, involving a control group and an on-road evaluation, are required to more explore the effects of this intervention on the change in driving behaviors in older people.

OBJECTIVES: The standard approach to the assessment of occupational exposures is through the manual collection and coding of job histories. This method is time-consuming and costly and makes it potentially unfeasible to perform high quality analyses on occupational exposures in large population-based studies. Our aim was to develop a novel, efficient web-based tool to collect and code lifetime job histories in the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort of over 500 000 participants. METHODS: We developed OSCAR (occupations self-coding automatic recording) based on the hierarchical structure of the UK Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) 2000, which allows individuals to collect and automatically code their lifetime job histories via a simple decision-tree model. Participants were asked to find each of their jobs by selecting appropriate job categories until they identified their job title, which was linked to a hidden 4-digit SOC code. For each occupation a job title in free text was also collected to estimate Cohen’s kappa (κ) inter-rater agreement between SOC codes assigned by OSCAR and an expert manual coder. RESULTS: OSCAR was administered to 324 653 UK Biobank participants with an existing email address between June and September 2015. Complete 4-digit SOC-coded lifetime job histories were collected for 108 784 participants (response rate: 34%). Agreement between the 4-digit SOC codes assigned by OSCAR and the manual coder for a random sample of 400 job titles was moderately good [κ=0.45, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.42–0.49], and improved when broader job categories were considered (κ=0.64, 95% CI 0.61–0.69 at a 1-digit SOC-code level). CONCLUSIONS: OSCAR is a novel, efficient, and reasonably reliable web-based tool for collecting and automatically coding lifetime job histories in large population-based studies. Further application in other research projects for external validation purposes is warranted.

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Receptors of the leukocyte receptor cluster (LRC) play a range of important functions in the human immune system. However, the evolution of the LRC remains poorly understood, even in m\ammals not to mention nonmammalian vertebrates. We conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the LRC-related genes in the publicly available genomes of six species that represent eutherian, marsupial, and monotreme lineages of mammals. As a result, the LRCs of African elephant and armadillo were characterized, two new genes, IGSF1 and A1BG , were attributed to the LRC of eutherian mammals, the LRC gene content was substantially extended in the short-tailed opossum and Tasmanian devil and, finally, four LRC genes were identified in the platypus genome. These findings have for the first time provided a solid basis for inference of the LRC phylogeny across mammals. Our analysis suggests that the mammalian LRC family likely derived from two ancestral genes, which evolved in a lineage-specific manner by expansion/contraction, extensive exon shuffling, and sequence divergence. The striking structural and functional diversity of eutherian LRC molecules appears largely lineage specific. The only family member retained in all the three mammalian lineages is a collagen-binding receptor OSCAR. Strong sequence conservation of a transmembrane domain known to associate with FcRγ suggests an adaptive role of this domain subtype in the LRC evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent emerging globalisation and post-industrial development partly driven by IT services influence not only markets, but all other subsystems of the society, too. This revolutionary change has fundamentally transformed our mobility and movements in space. In the era of network society, the idea of shared-use mobility has brought about possibilities in transportation that resulted in the emergence of new groups, directions and destinations. By now this type of alternative transportation has spread among the most developed countries and shows a flourishing example of sharing economy, an internet-based peer-to-peer model, which does not require a top-down service provider. The main focus of the present study is a socio-geographical analysis of how this innovation has spread among Hungarian citizens. Which social groups are the most active users of ridesharing? What geographical endowments or insufficiencies result this way and what are the spatial patterns of transportation? To answer these questions we studied the biggest Hungarian ridematching system ‘Oszkár’ and its users with the help of questionnaires (N=425).

Saprolegniosis is one of the most frequent diseases in the ornamental fish industry that may cause by Achlya spp. There is no report of fungal infection caused by Achlya spp. in Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) in Iran. An Oscar fish was referred to the Veterinary Hospital, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran with saprolegniosis symptoms including loss of appetite and yellow to gray cottony mass on the skin of flank and caudal peduncle. The infected area of the fish body was investigated by wet smear. After observing broad aseptate hyphae (approximate width 10-15 μm), the infected skin was inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated at 30 ˚C for seven days. The large fungi colony was appeared on the agar and the isolated fungi were detected as Achlya spp. after examination by wet and stained dry smears according to the morphology of hypha, spores, and zoosporangium. It is the first report of cutaneous saprolegniosis in Oscar caused by Achlya spp. in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a survey of the current work to understand the available security measures in the literature for constrained environments. First of all, this paper introduces the specific problem of security in constrained environments and the need for a consistent solution. The necessary set of security measures that must be present in an architecture is reviewed. Second, an overview of such consistent solutions in the literature is provided. Finally, a comparison of these solutions is performed based on the security and constraint aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[es] Se propone trazar un itinerario cruzado de Oscar Masotta y Eliseo Verón que de cuenta de su papel en la emergencia de los estudios en comunicación en la Argentina hacia mediados de los años sesenta. Se trata de explorar, por un lado, la variada trama de prácticas, discursos y disciplinas desde donde “lo comunicacional” se recortó como campo problemático y saber específico. Por otro, el modo en que los diálogos y polémicas entre Masotta y Verón contribuyeron a la delimitación de una zona de saber emergente alrededor de los fenómenos de la comunicación y la consolidación de una identidad disciplinar. Se hará especial hincapié en su inserción en el Instituto Di Tella y su participación en los cruces que se dieron en su seno entre las prácticas de la vanguardia artística y las ciencias sociales. Este espacio de entrecruzamientos múltiples revela la existencia de una zona de intersecciones productivas entre la imaginación estética y la imaginación teórica, entre la irrupción vanguardista y la emergencia de un campo de estudios que hizo de la comunicación su objeto. [en] We will attempt to track the crossings of Oscar Masotta and Eliseo Verón, as leading actors in the emergence of the mid-60’s communication studies in Argentina. We will explore, on the one hand, the patchwork of practices, discourses, and disciplines where the “communicational fact” is isolated as a specific field of theorization and knowledge, and, on the other hand, the contributions of Masotta and Veron’s exchanges and arguments to delimiting a field of knowledge arising around communication phenomena and consolidating the discipline identity. A point will be made of both Masotta and Veron’s involvement in the Di Tella Institute, and their interaction between artstic avant-gard movements and social sciences. This multiple crossing space betrays a zone of productive intersections both between aesthetic and theoretical imagination, and between the irruption of avantgarde movements and the rising communication-based field of knowledge.

W lutym 2015 r. polski reżyser Paweł Pawlikowski odebrał Oscara za swój refleksyjny film o ciszy i kontemplacji, a przyjmując statuetkę – przed rozemocjonowaną hollywoodzką widownią i 36 milionami widzów przed telewizorami – błyskotliwie nazwał tę produkcję filmem „anty-kinowym”. Ida, z narracją utrzymaną w stylistyce dzieł Ozu i sfotografowana w uwodzicielskiej czerni i bieli, rozgrywa się w Polsce 1962 r. i opowiada o 18 letniej zakonnicy w nowicjacie oraz o jej ciotce, stalinowskiej prokurator, która wyjawia jej, że jest Żydówką. Razem wyruszają w podróż, by poznać losy swej rodziny. Oscarowy wieczór stał się dla Pawlikowskiego kulminacją blisko dwuletniego okresu prezentowania filmu na festiwalach i prywatnych pokazach, udzielania wywiadów, a także rozmaitych eksplikacji ze strony samych twórców. Był to również czas publicznego poruszenia, ponieważ Ida, film anty-kinowy, jest także filmem anty-modernistycznym posługującym się takim symbolizmem i estetyką, które są rzadko spotykane na Zachodzie, a które odsyłają do pewnych duchowych kwestii w obrębie kontekstów historycznych. W swym artykule Skaff porównuje recepcję Idy z odbiorem kilku współczesnych filmów pokazywanych ostatnio w Nowym Jorku, takich jak Wałęsa. Człowiek z nadziei, Pokłosie, Miasto 44, Powstanie Warszawskie czy nominowany do Oscara dokument Joanna. Autorka odsłania powody, dla których Ida spotkała się z tak dużym uznaniem na świecie, a zarazem tłumaczy, jak film, który spolaryzował polską widownię, mógł zyskać bezprecedensowe poparcie widzów i krytyków w Stanach Zjednoczonych.

[es] El presente trabajo se propone reflexionar sobre la obra del artista colombiano Oscar Muñoz: “Aliento” y su singular manera de representar el cuerpo ausente. A partir de la conjunción de dos soportes: fotografías y espejos, el artista busca rememorar a los desaparecidos por la violencia de Estado de las últimas Dictaduras Militares de América Latina. Desde una mirada semiótica buscaremos analizar las peculiaridades de la obra cuya creación produce una virtualidad de la representación que hace intervenir con su cuerpo al propio espectador de la obra. [en] This article seeks to reflect upon “Aliento”, a series of worksby Colombian artist Oscar Muñoz, and his unique approach to representing the absent body. Through the conjunction of two props, photographs and mirrors, the artist seeks to remember those who were “disappeared” through state violence in the last military dictatorships in Latin America. From a semiotic perspective, we seek to analyze the characteristics of this piece, which produces a virtual representation that requires the spectator to intervene in the work with his body.

The M/V Marathassa oil spill occurred on 8 April 2015 in the English Bay. In the present study, the trajectory and the transport mechanism of the spilled oil have been studied by using the three-dimensional and particle-based Oil Spill Contingency and Response (OSCAR) model forced by the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). FVCOM provided the hydrodynamic variables used by the oil spill model of OSCAR. The results showed that the fraction of the oil on the water surface and on the shoreline, as well as the amount of oil recovered were affected by the time of the initial release, the overall duration of the discharge, wind and recovery actions. The hindcast study of the M/V Marathassa oil spill showed that the likely starting time for the discharge was between 14:00 and 15:00, on 8 April 2015. The release may have lasted for a relatively long time (assumed to be 22 h in this study). The results of modeling in this study were found reasonably acceptable allowing for further application in risk assessment studies in the English Bay and Vancouver Harbour. The trajectory of the spill was mainly controlled by the tidal currents, which were strongly sensitive to the local coastline and topography of First Narrows and that in the central harbour. The model results also suggested that a high-resolution model, which was able to resolve abrupt changes in the coastlines and topography, was necessary to simulate the oil spill in the harbour.

Hole in the head is one of the important diseases of cichlid fishes that caused by Heximita or Spironucleus infections. In December 2007, a diseased Oscar was referred to the veterinary hospital, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. Infected fish showed an initial loss of appetite, exophthalmia, darkness of skin followed by holes appearing on the head surface and a complete refusal to feed. For detecting the hexamitid flagellates, investigation was undertaken by taking the smear from the holes in head. Heavy Flagellate infection was detected in the smears and the parasite recognized as hexamita according to the shape, type of movement and size of the parasite with photomicroscopy directly and examination of tissue squash in Giemsa-stained dry smear preparations. In order to detect the bacterial infection of the lesions, the sample was taken from the holes and cultured on TSA and kept at 25°C for 24 h. Large number of Aeromonas hydrophila colonies were appeared on the agar after 24 h and recognized by bacteriological tests. The fish was treated with long term bath of 6 mg/l metronidazole and after 24 h, with 0.2 ppm malachite green mixed with 0.15 ppm formalin. The fish fed a balanced and vitamin enriched diet by stomach tube for several days. The fish gradually showed signs of improvement and after 10 days, the fish completely recovered.

Astronotus ocellatus (oscar), is native to the Amazon basin and, although it has been introduced to many countries, little is known regarding its tolerances for salinity and temperature. In this report, we provide data on the tolerance of A. ocellatus to abrupt and gradual changes in salinity, its high and low temperature tolerance, and information on how salinity, temperature, and fish size interact to affect survival. Fish were able to survive abrupt transfer to salinities as high as 16 ppt with no mortality. When salinity change was gradual (2 ppt/day), fish in the warm-temperature experiment (28°C) survived longer than fish in the cool-temperature experiment (18°C). Larger fish survived longer than smaller ones at the higher salinities when the temperature was warm, but when the temperature was cool fish size had little effect on survival. In the temperature-tolerance experiments, fish survived from 9 to 41°C for short periods of time. Overall, the species showed a wide range of temperature and salinity tolerance. Thus, in spite of the tropical freshwater origin of this species, physiological stress is not likely to hinder its dispersal to brackish waters, especially when temperatures are warm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:This article discusses the design of Web-based research software to computationally analyze the international news coverage of the playwright Oscar Wilde's 1895 sex trials. Over two months, Wilde stood three trials, eventually being convicted of "gross indecency" (1885 Criminal Law Amendment Act). Analysis: Over the past year, we have collaboratively designed a program to advance our understanding of the trials' cultural impact as they were reported in newspapers around the world. Bridging our expertise in nineteenth-century cultural history and software engineering, we discuss the concept and design of the Wilde Trials Web App, as well as early discoveries about the French news coverage and plans for the program's further development. Conclusion and implications: Our work stands at the forefront of software design and data-driven research on the nineteenth-century press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like collagen receptor that is up-regulated on osteoclasts during osteoclastogenesis and is expressed in a range of myeloid cells. As a member of the leukocyte receptor complex family of proteins, OSCAR shares a high degree of sequence and structural homology with other collagen receptors of this family, including glycoprotein VI, leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1, and leukocyte Ig-like receptor B4, but recognizes a unique collagen sequence. Here, we present the crystal structures of OSCAR in its free form and in complex with a triple-helical collagen-like peptide (CLP). These structures reveal that the CLP peptide binds only one of the two Ig-like domains, the membrane-proximal domain (domain 2) of OSCAR, with the middle and trailing chain burying a total of 661 Å2 of solvent-accessible collagen surface. This binding mode is facilitated by the unusual topography of the OSCAR protein, which displays an obtuse interdomain angle and a rotation of domain 2 relative to the membrane-distal domain 1. Moreover, the binding of the CLP to OSCAR appears to be mediated largely by tyrosine residues and conformational changes at a shallow Phe pocket. Furthermore, we investigated CLP peptides as inhibitors of osteoclastogenesis and found that a peptide length of 40 amino acids is required to ensure adequate inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in vitro. These findings provide valuable structural insights into the mode of collagen recognition by OSCAR and into the use of synthetic peptide matrikines for osteoclastogenesis inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]