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This article explores the profound cultural impact of All India Radio (AIR) in Kerala through a posthumanist perspective, analyzing how the medium has shaped and been constructed by socio-cultural dynamics neglecting human centric agency. By inquiring AIR's role in Kerala’s social environment, this paper aims to manifest how a technological, social, and ecological element participates in the formation of regional identity and cultural practices. This paper argues that AIR's influence in Kerala can be understood through complex relationships involving human actors, technological advancements, and environmental factors, reflecting a posthumanist perspective that surpasses traditional anthropocentric analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most obvious characteristics of Iran's protests in September 2022 is the emergence of a type of cyber activism that, unlike mass activism, is formed first in cyberspace. Networks have redefined social action and structure in our societies and have important consequences on production processes, power, and culture, challenging political systems, and creating legitimacy crises. The subject of the present research is important because cyber activism has an external aspect and has changed the shape of Iran's social movements. This article is based on the Twitter data analysis method and using MAXQDA. Referring to Castells' network society theory, it addresses this question: What role did the Twitter play in September 2022 in Mahsa Amini's social movement? This article shows that the Twitter, in the context of existing dissatisfactions and in the absence of active organizations and parties, has led to an increase in cyberactivism in Iran. This cyberactivism encompasses mass self-communication, occupation of urban space, horizontal leadership, globalization of messages, mobilization and guidance of public opinion, nationalism, the subjectivity of women, and their identification has been its external manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Electrónico de Estudios en Comunicación Social 'Disertaciones' is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the article is to study the methodological aspects of the spiral dynamics of the development of the process of intellectualization in the context of globalization changes. The article discusses the features of the development of the process of intellectualization in the context of globalization changes through the prism of the theory of spiral dynamics. Spiral dynamics, as a conceptual model of the evolution of human consciousness, allows us to analyze the transformations of society at different stages of its development. The influence of globalization factors on the processes of intellectualization is studied, emphasizing the role of information technology, network society and knowledge economy. The article allocates that the synergetic evolution of human potential is based on different phases of order (stability – homeostasis) or chaos (crisis, danger) under the influence of endogenous and exogenous environment. The analysis of literary sources provided an opportunity to form a methodology for managing the intellectual potential of enterprises in the context of global transformations. The paper focuses on the interaction between different levels of consciousness that determine the evolutionary movement of society, and shows how these interactions form new paradigms of thinking and activity. Also, the challenges and opportunities that arise in the process of intellectualization are considered, strategic approaches to change management based on spiral dynamics are proposed. The results of the study can be useful for scientists, politicians and managers involved in the development of society in the context of globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critically examines the intricate relationship between cancel culture and fake news, shedding light on their collective impact on current societies. The changing social landscape, marked by the transition from the "network society" to the "platform society," has given rise to unprecedented phenomena such as cancel culture. Rooted in social media complaints, cancel culture intersects with the dissemination of intentionally created false information, forming a complex web of dynamics. The study explores the multifaceted nature of cancel culture, its unintended consequences and the nuanced definitions surrounding it. The synthesis of erasure culture and fake news prompts critical reflections on the democratization of information, the protection of fundamental rights, and the potential risks to democracies of an unbridled online narrative. As digital networks continue to play a central role in everyday life, understanding and addressing these challenges is essential to maintaining a balanced discourse that upholds democratic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of local Internet communities in public and political communication. The perception of modern student youth of the socio-political role performed by local online communities is considered.The purpose of this paper is to identify the features of an active audience of social media attitude to the idea of the local Internet communities functioning in the context of solving socially significant issues and the sphere of state and municipal government. The aim of the article is to establish the presence or absence of a stable group of users who simultaneously consider local Internet publics and groups, and as a significant and effective mechanism for the development of a particular territory, and an instrument for the implementation of state and municipal policy.The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of the information society and the concept of “Local Internet Community”. The main empirical method is a sociological survey of student youth. The total sample of respondents is 292 people. The results of the survey have been processed using frequency and cross-sectional data analysis, and the corresponding contingency tables have been constructed.The results of the survey have showed that the vast majority of respondents agree that local Internet communities help in solving socially significant issues and create new opportunities for direct civic participation in solving such issues. The majority of respondents also has supported the idea that local online communities are an effective tool for implementing state and municipal policies. However, when answering this question, the audience’s opinion has been seriously divided, many survey participants have not agree with this idea or found it difficult to answer. A cross-sectional analysis of the survey data has made it possible to identify the presence of a relatively large group of respondents who are optimistic about the role of local Internet publics and groups both in resolving issues significant to society and in pursuing an effective state and municipal policy. A generalized conclusion has been made about the importance of using local online communities for political and public actors in the performance of their functions.

Copyright of Dixi is the property of Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionVirtual social networks have created a revolution in communications, interactions, and sharing of ideas. They have become a vital and effective factor in the emergence and life of protest movements. The aim of this research was to obtain the formation pattern of protest movements in Iran in the context of social networks. Under the influence of virtual social networks, the recent protest events in a wide range of cities all over the country were found to face severe shocks in Iran's official political space and it put many effects on the country's cyber space policymaking by creating a new trend in the implementation and organization of social protests. The common point of these events, i.e., the nationwide scope of the protests, was community-oriented, indicating the prominent role of virtual social networks so that it could be said that relying on new media technologies was very evident in terms of mobilizing resources and organizing protests in these protest movements. Using the theory of the network society, this article tried to answer the question of what pattern existed between the use of virtual social networks and the formation and evolution of protest movements in the country. Using in-depth and semi-structured interviews with academic elites in the field of communication and political science, this article attempted to investigate the mobilization mechanism of protest movements through social networks. Materials & MethodsTo achieve the mentioned goal, 14 elites related to the subject were selected through targeted sampling by using a qualitative approach and the method of content analysis. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted both face-to-face and non-face-to-face by using online communication software due to the spread of the Corona disease. Coding and data analysis of the conducted interviews were done manually by using the method of Bravan and Clark (2006). In addition to collecting the primary data by conducting semi-structured interviews with the interviewees, the secondary data from such sources as government websites, reports, books, and articles were used to identify the key events and processes related to the study events in order to facilitate the research line. Discussion of Results & Conclusions78 key concepts, 26 compact semantic units, 7 sub-themes, and 3 main themes were organized. The research findings showed that social networks affected the protest movements based on 3 general themes: "normization", "mobilization and organization", and "field reaction". Social platforms can help protest movements in 3 stages: Normization is the stage of creating community interest and support for a movement. Social movements in the context of social networks try to polarize the society and convince people to join the formed protest movement. In the second stage, the technological possibilities of new media, such as low cost, high speed, and wide range of information exchange create structures for achieving goals in the movement according to the mental readiness of the polarized society. In the third stage, protests enter the real space following the virtual space. Due to the fact that physical protests disrupt the city life, the police have to deal with it. Here, videos of protesters and police-clashing quickly go viral on the social networks, providing an opportunity to create a new cycle of protests. Production of multiple protest cycles in short time intervals causes social instability and reduces social security. It seems that the studied protest events indicated improvement of the situation and limited changes in the framework structure of the political system. Although a revolutionary approach could be seen in the semantic and rhetorical structures of these movements, they could not reach the stage of institutionalization despite their success in the stage of social norming and social agitation. When they reach formalization, they can be classified as reform movements. In social movements, supporters of the movements use different tactics in social networks to normalize, mobilize, and organize people and bring them to the stage. Although the current trend showed the importance of the new communication tools for the creation and survival of protest movements, the power of the government in controlling the Internet bandwidth and filtering social networks revealed that the government could weaken the protest movements by removing the support cycle of web-based social platforms. By emphasizing on maintaining social security and preventing the destabilizing political and security scenarios, these movements failed to achieve their goals.

Introduction. The image of a woman helps to construct one’s understanding of the world, relations in society, ideas about the Other. This article is devoted to a critical analysis of the transformation of the image of a woman in a network society. Theoretical analysis. Today, the position of rejecting gender differences, which serve as one of the sources of human culture, is increasing in society. A crisis situation arises, accompanied by the loss of gender self-identification, the violation of internalization and existential frustration. In the network image of society, women are polyvariant and solve it by interpreting the actor who uses it, but a person acquires and manifests his or her generic essence only in the intuitions of the social essence, with the help of transcending. Conclusion. We come to the conclusion that the image of a woman in a network society is constructed by means of a pseudo-democratic mythologeme, which implements the illusion of freedom and leads to the full autonomy of individuals, which is the cause of alienating a person from society and thereby from himself/herself. The proposed way out of the existing gender identity crisis is by means of transcending communication, which includes signification.

Introduction. The issue of the article is devoted to the study of the institution of education in the network society from the standpoint of socio-philosophical analysis. Theoretical analysis. Using various methodological approaches, it was found out that the modern institute of education undergoes serious transformations on institutional, spatial and functional levels. In the conditions of network reality education institution includes not only educational and upbringing practices but also represents one of the central socio-economic actors which sets positive dynamics of the state development in the most important strategic directions. The author of the article asserts the central place of education as an institution that generates and transmits knowledge, which is capable of becoming an epistemic base for further development of the network society. Conclusion. The author concludes on the hybrid nature of the institution of education in the network society. On the one hand, mass digitalization has set a new moral-ethical and technological system of coordinates, but on the other hand, education is still connected to the classical classroom learning, live human communication, the value foundations of each subject of education. Such a complex dual nature of the institution of education in a network society testifies to contradictory social processes, by examining which social philosophical science can critically assess modern social existence.

In this thematic issue, we present research from authors who seek to contest, challenge, and reimagine what digital inclusion is and what it might be. Authors present work from understudied vantage points and “hard to reach” terrains, such as communities that remain geographically, technically, socially, economically, and metaphorically “disconnected”—sometimes by choice. Through their attention to the role of intangible factors like relationality, social capital, emotion, sovereignty, and liminality, the articles collectively push against and expand the boundaries of digital inclusion research and practice.

It presents ongoing research that considers Institutional Repositories as digital informational environments favorable to Open Science, included in the categorization called "Network Society". In the Network Society, communication and sharing of information and knowledge by the subject is possible through technological devices with access to the internet and, from the perspective of scientific knowledge, network communication reaches both scientists and society. Institutional Repositories, by externalizing the scientific production of researchers at an institution, contribute to the formalization of a network for sharing free scientific knowledge, favoring open access. It is important to think about Information Architecture to provide information in an understandable way, making search systems easier to retrieve information and making it easier for individuals to find information. As a discipline that comprises the design and structuring of digital environments, Information Architecture can assist in the access and use of scientific information by the subject in an Institutional Repository. It aims to analyze Institutional Repositories at the level of functioning, policies, functionalities, and management with a focus on the context, content, and user dimensions of Information Architecture. Methodologically, it is a qualitative research approach that is configured according to six dimensions: epistemological dimension, political dimension, theoretical dimension, technical dimension, ethical dimension, and morphological dimension. It uses documentary research, content analysis and a questionnaire aimed at managers of Institutional Repositories from different institutions as techniques. It intends to outline guidelines to create an evaluation instrument for Institutional Repositories considering the principles of Information Architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Virtual social networks have created a revolution in communications, interactions, and sharing of ideas. They have become a vital and effective factor in the emergence and life of protest movements. The aim of this research was to obtain the formation pattern of protest movements in Iran in the context of social networks. Under the influence of virtual social networks, the recent protest events in a wide range of cities all over the country were found to face severe shocks in Iran's official political space and it put many effects on the country's cyber space policymaking by creating a new trend in the implementation and organization of social protests. The common point of these events, i.e., the nationwide scope of the protests, was community-oriented, indicating the prominent role of virtual social networks so that it could be said that relying on new media technologies was very evident in terms of mobilizing resources and organizing protests in these protest movements. Using the theory of the network society, this article tried to answer the question of what pattern existed between the use of virtual social networks and the formation and evolution of protest movements in the country. Using in-depth and semi-structured interviews with academic elites in the field of communication and political science, this article attempted to investigate the mobilization mechanism of protest movements through social networks. Materials & Methods To achieve the mentioned goal, 14 elites related to the subject were selected through targeted sampling by using a qualitative approach and the method of content analysis. Indepth and semi-structured interviews were conducted both face-to-face and non-face-to-face by using online communication software due to the spread of the Corona disease. Coding and data analysis of the conducted interviews were done manually by using the method of Bravan and Clark (2006). In addition to collecting the primary data by conducting semi-structured interviews with the interviewees, the secondary data from such sources as government websites, reports, books, and articles were used to identify the key events and processes related to the study events in order to facilitate the research line. Discussion of Results & Conclusions 78 key concepts, 26 compact semantic units, 7 sub-themes, and 3 main themes were organized. The research findings showed that social networks affected the protest movements based on 3 general themes: "normization", "mobilization and organization", and "field reaction". Social platforms can help protest movements in 3 stages: Normization is the stage of creating community interest and support for a movement. Social movements in the context of social networks try to polarize the society and convince people to join the formed protest movement. In the second stage, the technological possibilities of new media, such as low cost, high speed, and wide range of information exchange create structures for achieving goals in the movement according to the mental readiness of the polarized society. In the third stage, protests enter the real space following the virtual space. Due to the fact that physical protests disrupt the city life, the police have to deal with it. Here, videos of protesters and police-clashing quickly go viral on the social networks, providing an opportunity to create a new cycle of protests. Production of multiple protest cycles in short time intervals causes social instability and reduces social security. It seems that the studied protest events indicated improvement of the situation and limited changes in the framework structure of the political system. Although a revolutionary approach could be seen in the semantic and rhetorical structures of these movements, they could not reach the stage of institutionalization despite their success in the stage of social norming and social agitation. When they reach formalization, they can be classified as reform movements. In social movements, supporters of the movements use different tactics in social networks to normalize, mobilize, and organize people and bring them to the stage. Although the current trend showed the importance of the new communication tools for the creation and survival of protest movements, the power of the government in controlling the Internet bandwidth and filtering social networks revealed that the government could weaken the protest movements by removing the support cycle of web-based social platforms. By emphasizing on maintaining social security and preventing the destabilizing political and security scenarios, these movements failed to achieve their goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A neighborhood is a social-spatial concept. neighborhood management methods include the three dimensions of physical quality, social arrangement, and governance manners. Concerning the third dimension, recent decades have witnessed a shift from centralized towards decentralization processes and network society.Data and Method: The present study had a fundamental goal and used an explorative-explanatory approach. This study used a systematic and structured view to review the theoretical literature on neighborhood management and related concepts. Using, the MICMAC software, the study analyzed the extent to which factors affected and were affected by each other. In the end, driving factors were extracted. For this, 61 factors in five categories of network structure, network society policies, urban governance, governance capacity, and social capital were identified, and provided to 15 experts in the form of a 61*61 matrix, using questionnaires, and via a purposive sampling method.Results: Results indicated that 19 driving factors contributed to investigating the neighborhood management of the urban governance of the city of Tabriz, out of which the factor “revision of the laws and urban development plans” was more important, while the factors “active adaptation to the environment”, “the non-exclusive right of special groups”, “the content of laws enacted”, “the enjoyment of the open urban culture”, “focus on the “solidarity between people to produce knowledge” took the next ranks.Conclusion: The results were found to be used as a framework to investigate the neighborhood management position in urban governance. In this connection, urban development plans and rules, and their revision contributed to this.

The novelty of the research consists in the need for a theoretical analysis of large-scale changes that occur in modern society under the influence of the rapid development of information and communication technologies. Social changes are reflected by scientists in the framework of the concepts of “information”, “post-industrial”, “technotronic”, etc. society, and each author identifies his own reasons for the genesis and main features of the current stage of development of Western technological civilization, which represents a certain problem of its social and humanitarian knowledge. The purpose of the research is to analyze the influence of information technologies on the main social subsystems within the framework of a civilizational approach to the development of Western European civilization using the results of the original research of M. Castells, dedicated to the idea of a network society, In the article the author considered the features of information technology revolution of the last third of the XX century which had changed the shape of industrialized countries of the West. In his research he relied upon the principles of determinism and historicism, and the idea of technogenic civilization, according to which the decisive role in the mechanism of social determination of modern society belonged to its production subsystem, which, through various mediating links, determined the state of other spheres of society. He also the consequences of the revolution for all social spheres of technogenic societies, including the formation of a global information economy, a social structure of a network society, and “real virtuality” culture. It has been concluded that network structures in the post-industrial economy become the basis for the sustainable development of all public spheres, allowing to combine high rates of social development and sustainability of basic social institutions.

Sosyal medyanın insan yaşamında yoğun bir şekilde yer almasıyla birlikte mahremiyet kavramı yeniden sorgulanmaya başlanmıştır. Güvenlik politikaları gereği hayatın birçok anında güvenlik kameraları tarafından gözetleniyor veya özel bilgilerin veri depolarında toplanıyor olması hayatın normali haline gelmiştir. Bu normalleşme ağ toplumu insanının, sosyal medyanın sunmuş olduğu şeffaf, görünür, herkese açık yaşam tarzına uyumunu kolaylaştırmış, paylaşımlar mahremiyet ihlaline rağmen yapılır olmuştur. Üretilen her yeni teknolojik aletin insan yaşamına etkisi tarih boyunca gözlemlenegelen bir gerçekliktir. Ağ toplumuyla birlikte gündelik yaşamın bir parçası olan mobil akıllı telefonlar ve bu telefonlar aracılığıyla zamana ve mekâna bağlı olmaksızın kullanılabilen sosyal medya uygulamaları, kullanıcılarında yeni davranış kalıpları oluşturmuştur. Toplum içerisinde ağyardan gizlenen ve ifşa edilmesi hoş karşılanmadığı için ayıplama, kınama, dışlama gibi yaptırımlarla karşılık bulan özel durumlar, rahatlıkla toplumun nazarına sunulur hale gelmiştir. Bu durum, toplumun büyük bir kesimini oluşturan sosyal medya kullanıcılarında mahremiyet kavramının çerçevesinin genişlediğini göstermektedir. Buradan hareketle bu araştırmada, fotoğraf ve kısa video paylaşmaya imkân veren WhatsApp durum paylaşma özelliğinin, mahremiyeti dönüştürerek kullanıcılarında yeni davranış kalıpları oluşturup oluşturmadığı ilişkisel tarama modeliyle irdelenmiştir. Sosyal medyanın mahremiyet anlayışına etkisi üzerine yapılan akademik araştırmalar son zamanlarda yoğunlaşmıştır, ancak WhatsApp durum paylaşma özelliği özelinde bir araştırmaya rastlanmamıştır, bu yönüyle araştırma önem arz etmektedir. Yeniden sorgulanmaya başlanan mahremiyet kavramı ve sosyal medya üzerine literatürde yapılan tartışmalara ortak olmak, tartışmayı WhatsApp durum paylaşma özelliği bağlamında ele alarak literatüre katkı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen çıkarımlardan, kullanıcılarda yeni davranış kalıpları oluştuğu, mahremiyet anlayışının değiştiği, kavramın kapsam alanının genişlediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Copyright of Societá Mutamento Politica is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arxiu d'Etnografia de Catalunya is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this thematic issue, we present research from authors who seek to contest, challenge, and reimagine what digital inclusion is and what it might be. Authors present work from understudied vantage points and “hard to reach” terrains, such as communities that remain geographically, technically, socially, economically, and metaphorically “disconnected”— sometimes by choice. Through their attention to the role of intangible factors like relationality, social capital, emotion, sovereignty, and liminality, the articles collectively push against and expand the boundaries of digital inclusion research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitization, networking and intelligentization of social practice make information flow gain unprecedented importance, and “Traffic is king” has become a winning rule for platform enterprises, live streaming and delivery of goods, and other emerging digital economy formats. In the three waves of Internet technology development, the quantification of flow of information production and the symbolic value of flow are important mechanisms for shaping the operating order of network social space, which has exerted extensive and far-reaching influence on human society. This paper, focusing on the flow of information, adopts a theoretical perspective from the sociology of space to examine the production logic of traffic and its impact on the spatial order of network society. During the Web 1.0 era, media digital networking was the predominant feature, and various information portals and search engine websites served as traffic centers due to their information link advantages, but its influence is largely confined to the online space. In the Web 2.0 era, traffic platformization emerged as the production core logic of information flow, emphasizing data capitalization and value creation. Super platforms capitalized on user-generated data to control traffic distribution and usage rights, leveraging “traffic monetization” to transform offline social behavior patterns, social structures, and power relationships. In the metaverse era(Web 3.0), traffic socialization will emerge as the dominant paradigm of information flow, with spatial digitization serving as its core feature. Although limited by the need for information efficiency and the impulse to multiply capital, traffic will still be concentrated on leading platforms that hold information and transaction tools. However, new data validation technology and transaction intermediary will enable the formation of “one ultra with many superpowers,” and traffic will be deeply integrated into the laws of social space-time operation across different metaverse scenarios. The shift from traffic platformization to traffic socialization reflects the deepening networking of human society and the digitization of individual existence. As such, data and algorithms will become critical production tools and factors in future society. However, traffic-related issues may pose significant challenges for future state social governance, including tension between algorithms towards good and evil, data sovereignty and openness, and the conflict between digital dividends and divide. The paper concludes by emphasizing the urgency of academic and policy research to address these opportunities and challenges brought about by traffic platformization and socialization in the process of digital intelligence of human society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information revolution produced major social changes at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. The new social theories were required in order to understand and explain social phenomena in modern, changed society, as well as to understand and explain the very society itself. One of the most influential contemporary social theories was offered by Manuel Castells, whose network society provides excellent analytical insights into many social phenomena, including war. The paper explains Castells' theoretical view of the division of war in the modern world into instant war and prolonged war. Instant war has been made possible by breakthroughs in technology that have been achieved in recent decades, but the need for it arose in the appropriate social context and on the basis of certain political decisions. In modern developed countries, conclusions have been drawn that war is acceptable for their citizens under three conditions: if ordinary citizens are not engaged in war, but the professional army is; if war is short and does not require a large expenditure of human and economic resources; and if war is viewed as clean, with the precise destruction of justified targets. The explanation of the social context in which the war transformation has taken place is also the subject of this paper. The main hypothesis that is being proven is that the theoretical concept of instant war enables the understanding of the perception of acceptable war, from the perspective of a modern, consumer society. The paper critically discusses the possibilities of conducting instant war, and it hypothetically-deductively derives dangers that the transformation of war and the army brings to modern democracies.

İnternetin gündelik hayatımıza soktuğu, dijital iletişim teknolojilerinin etkileşim bütünlüğü “ağ toplumu” kavramıdır. Bu bütünlükçü kavramın, teknolojik kolaylığı dışında politik, sosyolojik ve ekonomik alanlara yönelikte ciddi sonuçları bulunmaktadır. Ağ toplumunun oluşmasını sağlayan temel zemin internettir. Geniş toplumsal yığınlar internette gerçekte gidemeyecekleri mekanlara ve statülere erişirler. Sosyal medya uygulamalar vasıtasıyla toplumun geniş ama sessiz veya sesi duyulmayan yığınlarına fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Birey bu alanlarda kendi kimliklerini açığa çıkarmadan ikame kimliklerle fikirlerini beyan edebilmektedir. Bu iletişim biçimi ağ toplumunu parasosyal etkileşim noktasında önemli bir merkez yapmaktadır. Parasosyal etkileşimde, toplumun geniş kitlelerinin medya içeriklerinde veya mecralarında gördüğü gerçek veya kurgulanmış karakterlerle olan ilişkisi üzerine dayanmaktadır. Sosyal medya uygulamaları bireylere duygu, düşünce ve isteklerini ifade edebilecekleri alanlar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ağ toplumunun parasosyal etkileşim içerisinde karşılığı bağlamında, fikirsel düzlemin ağırlık kazandığı bir sosyal medya uygulaması olan “Twitter kullanıcı yorumları” örneklem olarak belirlemiştir. Parasosyal etkileşim ve ağ toplumu ekseninde, @Survivor 2022 All Star hastagi altında program karakterleri hakkındaki kullanıcı yorumları duygusal bağlamda kategorize edilerek incelenmiştir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Twitter yorumlarından elde edilen veriler Maxqda nitel analiz programında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, kullanıcıların gördükleri karakterlerle parasosyal etkileşim içinde oldukları ve yorumların daha çok nefret söylemi ve olumsuz duygular üzerine şekillendiği görülmüştür.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the process of political communication in the conditions of networkization of public space. The sign-symbolic level of political communication is considered on the example of the content-semantic filling of the image of a regional political leader. The purpose of this research is to analyze the content of the political image of the leader and to identify the presence or absence of manifestation of the effect of networking in it. The objectives of the study are to study the goals, the principles of their implementation and the features of communication with other representatives of power and society, which are presented in the content of the image of a political leader. The study uses a set of empirical methods, including non-directional quantitative content-analysis, network data analysis and linguistic analysis. The results of the content analysis are displayed on the tag cloud, and the results of the network analysis are displayed on the thematic graph. The theoretical basis of the study was the theory of the information society and such concepts as “image”, “image-role construct”. According to the results of the study of the text array, which included two large, detailed interviews with the governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region G. S. Nikitin in 2019 and 2020, it was concluded that one of the most common image-role constructs in an interview in 2019 were the following: “leader-industrialist” (aimed at the development of industrial production); “leader-builder” (in particular, he is ready to develop the construction industry of the region); “leader-organizer” (open to new projects and challenges, focused on the successful organization and holding of festive events dedicated to the anniversary of Nizhny Novgorod), “leader-athlete” (advocates for the development of sports in the region). The most common image-role construct in an interview in 2020 was such a meaningful and semantic construct as “leader-manager” (an effective manager who manages the region by coordinating actions with various structural divisions of the government and municipalities). Based on the results of a generalizing analysis, the conclusion was drawn that in the content of the image of a political leader, there was a certain change in the manifestation of the effect of networkization from the polythematic and heterarchy of key topics (in 2019) to the decentralization of the symbolic subject of decision-making and implementation (in 2020).

This paper focuses on the sociological analysis of power relations in terms of the concept of the network society. It starts with a discussion on the network approach and its understanding in social sciences. The author analyzes several mediating notions such as social network, power, structure, language, and collectivity grounded in the sociological approach. Further analysis leads to the discussion of power relations in technologically developed societies. The author searches for answers to many fundamental questions to open up avenues for building a coherent network theory. To achieve these goals, she uses a sociological approach that is based mainly on the criticism of writing and the analytical and synthetic methods.

The main goal of the upcoming research is to analyze and read a piece of the history of "dominance and change" in Iran in the two decades of 1340 and 1350 AD, which in practice can be said to be a representation or a comprehensive mirror of the totality of state-society relations in the history of Iran. It is contemporary. Investigating the capacity of enforcing “Social control” and finally the ability and will of "social transformation" and the obstacles facing it, based on the theory of “limited State” or government within society" Jul. S. Migdal, is at the center of the discussion of this article. According to Migdal, in order to have a correct and accurate understanding of the government in the third world, one must avoid the transcendental approach and the myth of the "perfect" government desired by the statists, which puts the government in front of the society and is based on the algebraic zero-sum game between the government and society is, he avoided and paid attention to the approach of the government is a part or a piece of society. In clearer words, this view requires changing the focus of analysis from the government as an independent bureaucratic organization (structural view) to a "process oriented" view of the government in society. With this description, the main question of the research is why the politics of Mohammadreza Shah Pahlavi's social transformation in the form of the White Revolution (in the 40's and 50's) did not reach the desired result and finally the second Pahlavi faced a crisis of dominance? The findings of the research show that despite having a relatively high level of social control, the second Pahlavi government could not provide a more attractive and efficient survival strategy for the social forces and the necessary resources to support to mobilize the desired social transformation policy, therefore, it inevitably turned to the survival policy.

As social media has become an intensive part of human lives, the concept of privacy has become an actual question again. Due to security measures, it has become the norm to be monitored by surveillance cameras at many moments of life or to collect private information in data stores. Such normalization has facilitated the adaptation of the network society to the transparent, visible, public lifestyle offered by social media, and despite the violation of privacy, posting a status is implemented. The influence of every new technological device on human life is a reality that has been observed throughout history. Mobile smartphones, which have become a part of everyday life with the network society, and social media applications that can be used through these phones regardless of time and place have created new behavioral patterns in their users. Special situations, hidden from strangers in society and met with sanctions such as shaming, condemnation, and exclusion, because their disclosure is not welcomed, have become easily presented to the public eye. This shows that privacy has expanded among social media users, who constitute a large part of society. From this point of view, in this study, whether WhatsApp status-sharing feature, which allows sharing photos and short videos, transforms privacy, and creates new behavioral patterns for its users, was examined with a relational screening model. Academic studies on the impact of social media on the understanding of privacy have recently gained intensity, but research has yet to be found on the WhatsApp status-sharing feature, which makes this research important. The study aims to participate in the discussions in the literature on the concept of privacy and social media, which has become an actual question again, and to contribute to the literature by addressing the discussion in the context of the WhatsApp status-sharing feature. From the analysis results, it was concluded that new behavioral patterns merged in users, the understanding of privacy changed, and the scope of the concept expanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the issues facing the field of political behaviour analysis in recent years has been the transformation of political participation among citizens, in a context of increasing change, profoundly marked by the spread of a new digital paradigm. Network society has brought with it new forms of political participation, where different types of participatory citizenship coexist in a process of increasing interaction which, in turn, creates new morphologies, and where online and offline modes are reciprocal, generating new patterns of behaviour. Of these different types of participatory citizenship, that of the disaffected is perhaps among the most important in recent years and, in particular, since the start of the so-called "Great Recession" around 2008, and the subsequent global COVID-19 crisis. This recent context can be characterised by a significant increase in political disaffection, resulting from a loss of trust in institutions and from the constant distancing of a certain section of the citizenry from politics as a coded punishment of those governments and institutions they see as ineffective. This paper provides an analysis of citizenship types in Latin America, particularly that of the disaffected, describing their relationship to the following of political information through digital media and social networks, and identifying patterns of evolution and development in some of the trends. Results show that a clear distinction exists between the different types of citizenship and associated forms of participation, both online and offline, while also describing differences in both political perceptions and attitudes, and between areas or regions in Latin America. Likewise, important differences are found according to citizen type in relation to the following of different social networks, especially among citizens categorised as critical or disaffected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: This research aimed to investigate, in the light of theories of democracy, the new possibilities for exercising citizenship and strengthening democracy in the Network Society, as well as popular participation in political decisions in the context of smart cities. Methodology: The work adopted the inductive method, based on a literature review and observation of the phenomena. Results: It was possible to conclude that executing smart city projects does not only mean adhering to information and communication technologies, but also facilitating the connection and involvement of government and citizens, with the intention of co-creating and rebuilding urban communities. Contributions: Focusing on citizens and not simply on technologies, it is possible that ICTs and new technologies, including the IoT, improve the exercise of citizenship in current societies and, in particular, in smart cities.

With the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs), the Internet has become increasingly important in terms of national security, economic development, and global leadership. Apparently, conflicts and contentious issues in cyberspace requires creating rules and development of regulation. The authors examine the process of making up rules in cyberspace from the perspective of M. Castells’ network society theory and B. Buzan’ securitization theory. According to M. Castells, key challenges have gradually altered in the network society and power relations and social management are based on the control of communication and information which embraces a network society. Furthermore, the authors investigate the development of the Internet in the context of securitization theory. It is stressed that cyberspace has become a full-fledged political space with the central position of digital sovereignty and information security. The article for the first time proposes a comprehensive periodization of international relations’ transformation in cyberspace. Afterwards, the authors consider the appearance of tensions between actors in cyber space, which include political and economic threats. It encourages state actors to establish a preliminary regulation and to agree on norms regulating state behavior in cyberspace. These mechanisms have become a venue for promoting different concepts of cyber law and establishing legal regimes. In conclusion the authors analyze the hierarchy of actors in global Internet governance to assess the actors’ influence on the establishment of legal regimes in cyberspace. The main assessment criteria are as follows: ability to influence global production chains of high-tech goods, ability to conduct offensive and defensive cyber operations, and influence on the formation of international legal regimes. The authors divide actors into two major groups - rule-markers capable of influencing the global information space and constructing legal regimes, and rule-takers that are an object of great powers competition in cyberspace.

Many citizens have announced the end or death of journalism; many citizens have highlighted the role of journalism in the past; many citizens have announced a great future for digital journalism. In recent years, in a context of great transformations in the communication ecosystem, we have heard it all when talking about the present and the future of journalism. The multiplication of digital native media, the emergence of “countermedia” or fake media, the hybridization of models, the emergence of new journalistic movements, the emergence of new peripheral actors– are all fueling a communication ecosystem where the boundaries of what is journalism and what is not are increasingly blurred. In any case, journalism will be what current and future societies are able to agree upon. We know what it has been and what it can be, as well as the role it can play in making democratic and pluralistic societies function better and have a good supply of information. But the future is not written; it has to be built, and journalism, which belongs to society –its owners are not only those who practice it or those who create industries around journalism– has to earn it. And, while it tries to do so, journalism is navigating the labyrinth of today’s complex network societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's object of study focuses on six maps produced in Portugal and Catalonia as communication devices of other possible worlds. Assuming the growing importance of digital maps in the network society, we want to contribute to learning more about their role in constructing alternatives to the dominant economy in times of systemic crisis. What lessons emerge from maps that propose deviations from capitalist roadmaps? What understandings do they provide about the maps themselves, ways of mapping, and the hoped-for alternatives? Rather than exploring maps as a product, we seek to contribute to an understanding of the interstitial forces of their pre-production, production, and reproduction. In the light of the theories of the commons, the dynamics of collaborative mapping of diverse economies are explored: diverse in terms of their knowledge policies, modes of governance and participation and, therefore, in how they handle digital technologies. The object of study is defined and united, in its variety, by the ideas of collective and commons. The data comes from direct observation of maps and interviews with stakeholders. The analysis is predominantly qualitative and aims to organise relevant findings and challenges, which can be extrapolated from the observed testimonies, practices and objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Information Society (SIC) from the perspective of the Network Society, which is on the way to becoming a Knowledge Society within the new digital contexts, facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the emergence of new ways of creating, share, consume and gain feedback from knowledge that is part of the digital culture that is also multicultural and is linked to global Integral and Inclusive Human Development inside and outside the network. Demand, identify, study and recognize mechanisms and instruments in favor of Digital Literacy and Inclusion for your benefi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential principles in sustainable development are information and communication technology and their influence on the country's economic progress. In essence, in culture, politics, economics, and society, information and communication technology are the driving force behind globalization. This has a significant impact on the emergence of the network society and cross-national awareness, and it is the primary driver behind global markets. A descriptive-analytical method is used in a scrolling manner, and a scientific approach is taken from the methodology's standpoint. ICT companies in a selected region of Iran were surveyed in a questionnaire survey. "Success" in ICT standard setting is discussed in this study. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and VIKOR methods were used to analyze data and prioritize the beneficial factors that contribute to the success of ICT companies. Twenty five ICT companies were evaluated using these methods. Utilizing the expert's opinion and previous research, 21 criteria into five categories were elicited and estimated near Tehran (Qom), Iran's capital. In this research, native influential factors are compared with other countries' general vital factors, which are distinct from previous studies. Based on the results, in-company management factors, technological and marketing factors, financial costs, government policies, and native features were the most important critical factors. As significant factors that influence the success of ICT companies, employee involvement, teamwork, customer focus, the state of the economy, and conflict of interest between governmental and private sectors were selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic put the spatial layouts of contemporary housing to the test. During the strict lockdowns in the early phases of the outbreak and the limited, temporary restrictions of the later phases, the safeguarding of public health was inevitably enforced by confining people at home, thus severing, by reasons of force majeure, the traditional relationship between the house and the city. As a result, every household had to contain within itself all aspects of public and private life, regardless of the spatial qualities and the extension of the dwelling. The unexpected new role of the last defence line against the virus showed all the advantages and limits of contemporary housing and the need for a rethinking of some of their typical features. The aim of this article is to investigate how the residential space, as a whole and in its constituent parts, has become a fundamental element in a difficult period, managing to incorporate unexpected functions and requirements but also revealing a series of congenital weaknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the role of the network society in the professional identity of librarians of Astan Quds Razavi. It is based on Castells's network society theory.Methodology: The present study was qualitative in terms of type of research and has an applied orientation. In this research, the method of thematic analysis has been used in order to discover the concepts related to the network society and the professional identity of Quds Razavi librarians. In order to provide the data needed to analyze and answer the research questions, semi-structured interview tools were used. The sampling method in the present study is non-probability purposeful. The sample size of the present study consists of 14 librarians of Astan Quds libraries. The data obtained from this research have been analyzed through qualitative thematic analysis method.Findings: As a result of analyzing the interviews using thematic analysis method, 5 comprehensive themes of professional roles and goals, how to interact with the global network, spheres of influence, the impact of professional identity from participation in global networks and the effects of librarians' interaction with a networked society on the librarianship profession has been extracted in connection with the role of a networked society in the professional identity of librarians of Astan Quds Razavi. Also, these 5 comprehensive themes include 15 organizing themes, which have been extracted from 135 basic themes.Conclusion: According to the research findings, the development of society towards the global network has always been part of librarians' concern about the job threats posed by it. Challenges such as rapid technological change and the proliferation of information that is sometimes unscientific and undocumented, and the diminishing role of books, libraries, and librarians, have raised concerns for librarians. But what is important and plays a significant role in strengthening the sense of identity of librarians is the development of information services and countless service opportunities that will be achieved by improving the skills of librarians and highlighting the role of professional and experienced managers. In other words, with the advancement of technology and global networks, the main mission of libraries and consequently librarians do not change, but with the development of individual competencies of librarians and the development of libraries and library services, not only their professional identity it is not a threat, but only the way in which libraries and librarians operate in the context of digital development, evolving and evolving. Librarians can develop their social and personal communication network as the global network community develops, and by synchronizing information and transferring experiences and providing the necessary training to the audience to participate in these communication networks, librarians can. In this regard, the role of professional, experienced and motivating managers in the sense of identity of librarians is very important. Librarians can help maintain libraries in an ever-changing world of information by developing a social network and expanding voluntary activities in an interactive and collaborative manner nationally and globally.

IntroductionThe present-day governance environment in the global arena has been impacted by social networks and the unique aspects of the era of the network society, leading to fundamental changes. These changes have transformed the governance environment "in", "on", and "through" social networks and made them an obvious and inevitable part of the picture. Therefore, this article aims to provide an effective and viable model for playing an authoritative role in the future of cyber operations at the international level. This will enable participants to take part in shaping the global cyber landscape. The objective of creating a desirable model for digital governance in the network society era has been outlined. By observing relevant documents and conducting library studies, methods used by other countries in this area have been obtained for the expansion and development of domestic and international governance. The two approaches of "open governance" and "control governance" have been examined and discussed, including the effects of adopting each approach and how they may impact international relations.The results of the current study demonstrate that though some might believe that open governance is the predominant approach in international arenas, a combination of both open and control governance based on the system of societal issues has a significant impact on cyber governance practices. Consequently, the ideal model of digital governance is a flexible authoritarian approach based on the system of issues that nations should adopt in both domestic and international arenas.The concepts of "digital governance" and "networked society" are two fundamental areas that constitute the new ecosystem and can be examined from multiple perspectives. The theory of network society, coined by Manuel Castells, presents a macro-level view of the characteristics of the current era, emerging as a new theory after the information society. The aforementioned theory can offer insights into the new age's characteristics.According to Castells, the transition to the network society is characterized by the polarization of international economic structures and societies, the transformation of work and employment, the evolution of media and audiences, the change of the material foundations of culture (the space of flows and timeless time), and the breakdown of the societal fabric. It is notable that the logic of the digital governance and network society areas are distinct, leading to contrasting identities. Ultimately, these identities exist on opposite ends of the spectrum, emphasizing the diverse nature of the network society.Furthermore, digital governance, as a significant aspect impacting global developments, has emerged as an all-encompassing framework for reforms within various governance domains. The digitization process will facilitate seamless cooperation between the public and private sectors, paving the way for effective digital governance, particularly through the reforming of public sector bills.Additionally, several experts assert that governments need to become more efficient and productive, engage in closer collaboration with stakeholders from diverse sectors, and leverage data to inform decision-making through the creation of evidence-based policies. Governments must also enhance transparency and accountability and respond to the evolving relationship between government and citizens by enhancing citizen participation through the implementation of public services or other measures. These concepts have led to the development of digital governance. However, the advancement of public sector improvements within Iran has been comparatively sluggish.The widespread usage of information and communication technologies in day-to-day life, as well as the increasing penetration of these technologies among households in the last few decades, have resulted in a significant amount of information generated about individuals, groups, and societies. In order to enhance their governance indicators, governments have no choice but to access, process, and make use of this information while managing and governing their communities. Consequently, the purpose of the current research is to review governance in the digital age and the research approach is descriptive-analytical. The findings showed that governments, in order to fulfill the changing needs and desires of their citizens, are compelled to make use of information technology to conduct reforms within the public sector and thus bring about radical changes in the way they deliver public services. Digital governance, with its tremendous power, plays an instrumental role in curtailing administrative paperwork, streamlining operations, restructuring governmental institutions, reducing the cost of governance, making governance more adaptable to changes, reducing bureaucratic corruption, enhancing public participation, increasing transparency within the government body, reducing decentralization, fortifying democratic foundations, reforming administrative and governmental bureaucracy, enhancing governance accountability, increasing efficiency and productivity, improving the quality of information and data accessibility, saving time, and enhancing the effectiveness of governance processes.The penetration and expansion of information and communication technology in all areas of human life has led to a change in the ways of communication between people and the society, the methods and procedures that the society contributes to each person in doing their work. Due to these changes, the current age is called the age of information and communication, as a result of which human communities have become scientific communities and citizens have become users of social networks. Today, the vital role of the government and government agencies in the development of the country and the well-being of citizens is obvious.The digital age has prompted many thinkers to propose various indicators of digital governance, which draw from theories and assumptions aiming to serve as the cornerstone of an efficient and user-centered system. Some experts have described e-government as the second revolution after modern government and public administration, affecting not only the methods of public service delivery but also the fundamental relationships between the government and the people. The transformation of the times also necessitates decentralizing operations, hiring subject-matter experts, outsourcing tasks to the private sector, and transforming local authorities into designers and supervisors. In addition, safeguarding the environment, strengthening the culture of citizenship, supporting various public spheres, and encouraging the private sector to reduce government ownership are some of the policies and requirements outlined in the sixth development plan. It is indispensable to carry out information acquisition, licensing, payments, and administrative and operational processes electronically, avoiding in-person procedures (Abdul Hosseinzadeh, 2019, p. 187).The Information Technology Governance Institute defines governance as "a set of responsibilities and activities carried out by the board of directors or senior managers in order to realize strategic direction, ensure the achievement of anticipated goals, manage the organization's risks, and allocate and control resources." Effective governance involves defining structures and mechanisms to ensure effective performance of responsibilities and duties, and it can lead to greater transparency and accountability in organizational functioning.In the field of digital governance, the definition of the concept is derived from the higher-level concept of governance. It can be defined as structures and mechanisms adopted by organizations in the field of digital transformation to optimize their resources and capabilities in terms of digital strategies, processes, and systems. The ultimate goal of effective digital governance is to maximize the positive impact of digital technologies on an organization's operations and service delivery, while minimizing the negative impacts (Bonet and Westerman, 2014).

This article presents the results of an online research of socio-network group formation within the of national projects’ implementation. By socio-network group formation, we mean the activation and organisation of information and communication interaction of users of online social networks in the context of discussing specific regional problems and developing constructive solutions to solve them.The database of posts and comments collected from the social network Vkontakte was the empirical basis of the study. The data was collected from 4 most relevant national projects: “Healthcare”, “Housing and urban environment”, “Safe and high-quality highways” and “Education” in 12 regions of the Russian Federation. These projects have been selected according to their socio-cultural modernisation level.The study has found that each region, according to its socio-cultural modernisation level, has its nature of discussion and solving existing problems, socio-network group formation. In all regions, there is a low level of population satisfaction of projects’ implementation and the specific regional problems solutions. The most pressing problems and barriers specific to each of the national projects have been identified. It has been noted that in most of communities, there is either no feedback on the population complaints or this feedback has the formal replies form that do not lead to real actions by the problem solving actors. National project realisers consider the population only as a recipient, but not as a problem-solving actor (partner). The information posted in official publics is most often declarative in nature.It has been concluded about the low level of development of regional and municipal administration systems, and the weak understanding of local problems and needs by the federal center.

The article is dedicated to the phenomenon of network society transversality which leads to new conceptualization of human in the context of new values formation and new opportunities. The multidimensionality of the current situation is outlined which needs new optics to comprehend the existing interactions that can serve as response to challenges of the postmodern era. It is emphasized that a person is left on his/her own in the situation of sociocultural paradoxes caused by modern global processes that put pressure on person’s existence. The aim is to analyze situation of human in the context of network society in the optics of transversality as a paradigm of modernity. This actualizes the issues of group solidarity in the context of the network society, possible homogeneity / heterogeneity. We are talking, firstly, about semantics of a person in the planes of network society / network reality, and secondly, about semantics of transversality which resonate with the destruction and formation of the new configuration of interactions. The purpose of the article is to analyze human in the context of network society in the optics of transversality as the paradigm of flowing modernity. A new fusion / heterogeneous entanglement arises, which within the framework of the concept of “transversality” becomes an optic and articulates the problem of both social space of network society and the problem of essence / existence of a person among which the leading place is taken by person’s concern for him/herself in information modernity. Problematic field of transversality creates new intentions and interpretations of transformational processes of our time. It is noted that definition of transversality is the condition for overcoming intention of dispersion of human existence. The use of the marker “transversality” allows us to conclude that network society should be conceptualized as the phenomenon that involves both virtual and physical aspects of interaction which finally overcomes the linear approach to understanding of a person, social community and humanity as a whole.

La definitiva affermazione di nuove tipologie di gioco, quali social e browser games giocabili all’interno dei principali social networks (Facebook su tutti) o browser, ha velocemente modificato il ruolo di queste piattaforme e delle tecnologie digitali che le veicolano, favorendo la progressiva ‘domesticazione’ di queste ultime, come è avvenuto, ad esempio, per i primi smartphones lanciati da Apple, il cui utilizzo innovativo è stato reso più familiare grazie all’inserimento nell’App Store di mobile games dal facile approccio, come l’iconico Angry Birds. Con il seguente intervento si intende indagare proprio l’impatto che la cosiddetta ‘nuova ludicità’ ha avuto e continua ad avere nei confronti del mediascape contemporaneo, con un focus specifico su quei prodotti, sia hardware che software, marchiati GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft) e sul modo in cui hanno radicalmente rivoluzionato non solo le modalità di fruizione videoludica, ma anche molte altre pratiche legate alla vita quotidiana, in accordo con l’ingresso nella network society era.

In the network society, the capacity to deal with societal issues is spread among interacting actors in governance networks. Knowledge about this capacity, often called "governance capacity," is still fragmented and quite incoherent. The aim of this study is therefore to gain an integrated understanding of governance capacity. To do this, we conducted a literature review and organized focus groups. This resulted in the selection of five elements of governance capacity: (1) collective action, (2) coordination, (3) resilience, (4) learning, and (5) resources. We used these elements to form the first contours of a governance capacity framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the four “social death” events as the starting point, the macroscopic structural logic and micro individual characteristics of “social death” under the dual background of network society and individualized society are deeply analyzed, so as to reflect on the social restoration of the victim individual and the governance of social order. This study finds that at the macro level, the occurrence of “social death” has the regular logic, that is, the genderization of the tipping point, the structuration of the occurrence process and the individualization of social consequences. At the same time, the individual’s social self is strengthened, and the characteristics of the expressive self and identity self are also shown at the micro level. Therefore, it is not only necessary to solve the physical and mental injury of the individual who is affected by “social death”, but also the “invisible injury” derived from the “social death”. This paper suggests that a new governance mechanism should be established from the perspectives of governance elements, boundaries, directions, effects and strategies and it is especially necessary to add fusion thinking, so that a new governance ecology with flexibility, inclusiveness and coverage can be formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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