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Many organizations nowadays have multiple sites at different geographic locations. Typically, transmitting massive data among these sites relies on the interconnection service offered by ISPs. Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) is a new simple and flexible source routing solution which could be leveraged to enhance interconnection services. Compared to traditional technologies, e.g., physical leased lines and MPLS-VPN, SRv6 can easily enable quick-launched interconnection services and significantly benefit from traffic engineering with SRv6-TE. To parse the SRv6 packet headers, however, hardware support and upgrade are needed for the conventional routers of ISP. In this paper, we study the problem of SRv6 incremental deployment to provide a more balanced interconnection service from a traffic engineering view. We formally formulate the problem as an SRID problem with integer programming. After transforming the SRID problem into a graph model, we propose two greedy methods considering short-term and long-term impacts with reinforcement learning, namely GSI and GLI. The experiment results using a public dataset demonstrate that both GSI and GLI can significantly reduce the maximum link utilization, where GLI achieves a saving of 59.1% against the default method.

Voice over internet protocol is a communication technology in the world of computer network that can be used for sending voice or video and data transmission over Internet Protocol in real time. VoIP network can be implemented with Asterisk applications as a server to a Private Automatic Branch eXchange applied in a Graphical Network Simulator 3. In this study, VoIP communication using routing OSPF within MPLS will be calculated, the QoS value collected based on impact performance under normal condition and not normal condition (link failure) different varian bandwidth in the network. The results from the simulation show that in normal condition and not normal condition there is average delay value with routing OSPF 4 ms and routing OSPF with MPLS 5 ms, the value of jitter max which same of 6 ms using varian bandwidth from 256 kbps and 512 kbps. All of the QoS parameters, such as delay, jitter and packet loss will be compare to standard ITU-T G.114. This research can be extended with addition of another measurement or another protocol.

Zaradi večanja števila uporabnikov in višanja nazivnih hitrosti dostopovnega omrežja, se operaterji soočajo z večanjem prometa v jedrnem omrežju. Za zagotavljanje delovanja vseh storitev, se operaterji jedrnih omrežji spogledujejo s tehnikami prometnega inženiringa, s katerimi želijo poenostaviti upravljanje omrežja in zvišati kakovost storitve. Fleksibilni algoritem je nadgradnja prometnega inženiringa, z vpeljavo usmerjevalnega protokola segmentnega usmerjanja, ki v operaterskem jedru nadomesti protokol distribucije label. Z vpeljavo segmentnega usmerjanja, ki omogoča razširljivost, želimo poenostaviti upravljanje prometa v omrežju in omogočiti prometni inženiring. Z vpeljavo segmentnega usmerjanja na usmerjevalnikih v laboratorijskem omrežju sem preizkusil delovanje protokola usmerjanja in prometnega inženiringa. Ugotovil sem, da nova arhitektura usmerjanja omogoča optimizacijo omrežja in je hkrati fleksibilna pri podpiranju novih načinov uporabe. Fleksibilni algoritem prometnega inženiringa predstavlja tudi določene omejitve, ki sem jih zbral v izsledkih, to pa zahteva nadaljnji razvoj in testiranje pred vpeljavo v omrežja. Due to the increase in the number of users and the increase in speeds of the access network, operators are faced with increasing traffic in the core network. To ensure the operation of all services, the core network operators are considering traffic engineering techniques that aim to establish network management and increase the quality of services. The flexible algorithm is an upgrade to traffic engineering, with the introduction of the segment routing protocol, which replaces the label distribution protocol in the core network. By introducing segment routing, we aim to simplify network traffic management and enable traffic engineering. By implementing segment routing on the routers in the lab environment, I tested the performance of the routing protocol and traffic engineering. I found that the new routing architecture allows for network optimization while being flexible in supporting new use cases. The flexible traffic engineering algorithm presents certain limitations that I gathered in the findings. It requires further development before being implemented in production networks.

The migration of present data network to the IoT interface, witty utilization of huge liable Single Mode Fiber rather than re-installing the whole network with Dispersion Shifted Fiber for their upgrading to ultra data speed Optical Fiber System based MPLS network for countering the main impediment of Chromatic Dispersion by estimating the real foe and compensating it at the receiver end and hence results the system more efficient with the existing Fiber network. The present scanning method of Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) to measure the Chromatic Dispersion (CD) encounters constraints of high latency time along with worst dispersion estimation error 250 picoseconds/nanometre which can be drastically improved with Golden Scan Search (GS) FrFT based algorithm method with 5 to 6 sec latency time and estimation error improved and obtained less than 80 picoseconds/nanometre.

Penerapan metode routing dalam kegiatan yang menggunakan jaringan komputer dalam lingkup besar diperlukan oleh administrator jaringan, agar dapat melakukan pengoptimalan lauyanan jaringan. Pemilihan metode routing akan membantu dalam mewujudkan perkembangan jaringan yang baik, namun dibutuhkan metode routing yang memiliki kinerja bagus tidak hanya dalam kondisi jaringan yang baik tapi juga pada kondisi jaringan yang mengalami gangguan.Salah satu metode yang memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam jaringan yang semakin besar adalah Multiprotocol Lable Switching (MPLS), dan dapat dikombinasikan dengan protokol Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Tujuan penerapan metode MPLS OSPF adalah untuk melihat bagaimana metode tersebut melakukan pengiriman data dalam berbagai kondisi. Tentunya agar membuat jaringan menjadi lebih baik kinerjanya dalam mengirimkan paket data, dengan mencari rute atau jalur yang terbaik pada topologi jaringanPenelitian ini akan mengimplementasikan metode routing MPLS OSPF kedalam beberapa bentuk topologi jaringan berupa prototipe, dengan memberikan skenario pengujian berupa gangguan pemutusan link atau link failure. Pengujian dianalisa menggunakan tools Wireshark.Hasil yang didapat pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode routting MPLS OSPF menunjukkan hasil yang baik dalam menangani gangguan, dengan nilai parameter QoS yang tergolong dalam kategori baik. Nilai throughput didapat mengalami penurunan besar nilai pada kondisi gangguan link failure.

Traffic engineering is an important concept that allows Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to utilize their existing routing hardware more efficiently. One technology that can be used is Segment Routing (SR). In this paper, we address the use of SR to increase the resilience against failure scenarios. In addition, we develop solutions that are manageable and, thus, deployable in a tier 1 ISP network. We propose a post-convergence aware SR based optimization model. With it, we can proactively find a single SR configuration that is beneficial in all predefined failure scenarios, including single link failures, shared risk link group failures, and node failures. In addition to this use-case, we also extend the optimization model to include other important practical requirements such as keeping the number of SR tunnels to a minimum, avoiding arbitrary traffic splitting, or meeting latency bounds. We evaluate our approaches with recently measured data from a tier 1 ISP and show that we can improve over state of the art routing approaches.

This paper considers the novel problem of upgrading a legacy network into a Software Defined Network (SDN) over multiple stages and saving energy in the upgraded network, or hybrid SDN. That is, in each stage, the problem at hand is to select and replace legacy switches with SDN switches and reroute traffic to power off as many unused cables as possible to save energy. Also, the operator must consider: (i) the available budget at each stage, (ii) maximum path delays, (iii) maximum link utilization, (iv) per-stage increase (decrease) in traffic size (upgrade cost), and (v) the Open Shortest Path First - Equal Cost Multi-Path protocol. This paper addresses two multi-path routing scenarios: 1) non-link-disjoint and 2) link-disjoint. It outlines a Mixed Integer Program and a heuristic algorithm for each scenario. The experimental results show that: (i) both solutions produce only up to 0.63% higher energy saving in scenario-1 than in scenario-2, (ii) the mixed integer program (heuristic algorithm) for both scenarios give an energy saving up to 71.93% (71.64%), (iii) using a larger budget and/or number of stages can increase the energy saving, and (iv) the saving achieved by the heuristic solution for each scenario is within 4% from the optimal saving.

The paradigm of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) requires the underlying networks to be able to route traffic through dynamically deployed nodes. The research presented here demonstrates the feasibility of using segment routing (SR), a modern incarnation of the source routing paradigm, and suitable SDN controllers to accomplish the traffic steering goal. Specifically, we focused on IPv4 SR and built a proof of concept SRMPLS network using Juniper vQFX routers with custom VNFs. The Juniper NorthStar SDN controller was used to build SR- MPLS LSPs via the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP). We validated the operation of our proof of concept in two scenarios: VNFs reinstantiation and service chain creation and support. In both cases traffic can be successfully steered through the functions, hence demonstrating for the first time the feasibility of adoption of the proposed technologies.

Currently, the increasing network connectivity is becoming more and more complex and the integration of several services continues to appear. These approaches need a guarantee in terms of throughput, the performance of which they potentially impact. So, the basic aim of this research is to get the best MPLS network performance towards linux and FreeBSD operating systems. This is why in this report, we have worked on MPLS network performance, which will help to identify performance metrics. To evaluate the performance, we used those operating systems implementing the MPLS architecture in order to define the best performing between the two on this domain. For this, we used scapy to measure the response times by varying the size of the packets sent and validate the measurements with the MATLAB Simulink. After all experiments, we realized that FreeBSD operating system is more reliable than linux in MPLS network base.

In this paper, we present an open source Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based emulation platform called Timber . We aim to provide the research community with an experimental tool for the design and evaluation of the new Quality of Experience (QoE) management and monitoring procedures for video streaming. To this aim, the main functionalities of Timber include: i) an SDN application for taking QoE-aware management decisions; ii) an SDN controller to monitor the network’s QoS (Quality of Service) and implement network management actions, such as network slicing and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) based prioritization operations; iii) a complete video streaming application including a multimedia server and a DASH-based client video player; iv) a user-end probe at the client video player to monitor QoE-related video application parameters, which are stored in a database that can be accessed by the SDN application; v) data analysis tools, which enable easy data visualization of measured QoS and QoE metrics as well as execution of statistical analysis of experimental results. In this article, we introduce and describe the main characteristics and functionalities of Timber as well as the implementation details. Finally, we provide experimental results of a video streaming scenario to demonstrate the capability of Timber to implement and test QoE-aware management approaches.

In 5G networks with SDN architecture, the traffic explosion and the rising of diverse service requirements lead to many challenges for 5G core networks on flexibility and scalability. In order to achieve high-speed forwarding of traffic and diversified transmission requirements in the 5G era, combined with SDN and Segment Routing, we propose a scalable flow forwarding scheme called Segment Routing based on Path Aggregation and Rule sharing (PARS-SR) to solve SDN switch flow table resource shortage problem. Traditional OpenFlow-based or MPLS-based flow forwarding scheme may lead to performance degradation due to flow-table overflowed or heavy MPLS label load incurred. PARS-SR exploits SDN, Segment Routing and intelligent path encoding algorithm to achieve a trade-off between flow table resource and MPLS label load. The proposed PARS-SR can learn the flow path information online to implement path aggregation and rule sharing by aggregating a large number of flows into a small number of flow entries based on the coincidence degree of the flow path. To find the optimal flow path aggregation scheme, we present an intelligent encoding algorithm to maximize the overall cost saving. The simulation results show that PARS-SR can effectively reduce both the number of flow entries and the MPLS label load of the packet.

International audience; Flow thinning (FT) is a traffic protection mechanism for communication networks with variable link capacities, for example wireless networks. With FT, end-to-end traffic demands use dedicated logical tunnels, for example MPLS tunnels, whose nominal capacity is subject to thinning in order to follow fluctuations in link capacities availability. Moreover, instantaneous traffic of each demand is throttled at its originating node accordingly to the current total capacity available on the demands dedicated tunnels so that the network is always capable of carrying the admitted traffic. In this paper we deal with efficient, implementable versions of FT, referred to as AFT (affine FT) and QFT (quadratic FT). By deriving appropriate link availability state and path generation algorithms, we show how real-life network dimen-sioning problems for AFT/QFT can be efficiently treated using a proper characterization of the network link availability states. Results of a numerical study illustrate tractability of the cost minimization problems, and assess efficiency of AFT/QFT as compared with other protection mechanisms.

Актуальність полягає у тому однією з головних проблем, що виникають при переході від спеціалізованих мереж до єдиної мультисервісної комунікаційної мережі, є забезпечення необхідної якості обслуговування різних сервісів і додатків. Розробка механізмів забезпечення якості послуг у мультисервісних мережах є однією з центральних проблем. У зв'язку з цим все більше уваги приділяється засобам керування трафіком, реалізованим на мережевому рівні мереж наступного покоління. Вище названими причинами обумовлена актуальність теми дослідження механізмів керування трафіком у мережах NGN на основі MPLS. Метою роботи є пошук шляхів підвищення продуктивності мереж NGN за допомогою більш ефективного розподілу ресурсів пропускної спроможності за допомогою багатопротокольної комутації за мітками. Вирішення задачі управління трафіком в мережі NGN. Об’єктом дослідження є механізми управління трафіком мереж наступного покоління з ядром на основі IP/MPLS . Предметом дослідження є комплекс питань пов’язаних з забезпечення необхідної якості обслуговування за рахунок оптимального використання мережевих ресурсів мережі наступного покоління. В дані роботі розглядаються особливості механізмів управління трафіком сучасних мультисервісних мережах побудованих на основі технології багатопротокольної комутації за мітками. В роботі проведено моделювання мультисервісної мережі та вирішення задачі управління для цієї мережі. The relevance of the field is that one of the main problems arises from the transition from specialized fences to a single multiservice community network is to ensure the maintenance of the necessary maintenance services. The purpose of the work is to find ways to increase the productivity of NGN networks by means of more efficient allocation of bandwidth resources under various topology. Solving the problem of traffic management in the NGN network. The development of mechanisms to ensure the quality of services in multiservice networks is one of the central problems. In this regard, more and more attention is paid to traffic management tools implemented at the network level of next generation networks. The above reasons are due to the relevance of the research topic of traffic management mechanisms in NGN networks based on MPLS. The aim of the work is to find ways to increase the productivity of NGN networks by more efficient allocation of bandwidth resources across different topologies. Solving the problem of traffic management in the NGN network. The object of the study is the traffic engineering mechanisms of a next generation networks with a core based on IP / MPLS. The subject of the study is a set of issues related to ensuring the required quality of service through the optimal use of network resources of the next generation network. These work examines the peculiarities of traffic management mechanisms of modern multiservice networks built on the basis of multi-protocol switching technology by tags. The simulation of the multiservice network and solving the management problem for this network are carried out.

Software-Defined Wide Area Networks is a technology that has received a lot of attention in recent years. The technology enables direct Internet access without having to direct traffic through a data center. It also enables the use of less expensive Internet connections to build the Wide-Area Network, expensive Multiprotocol LabelSwitchingconnectionsarenolongernecessary. This results in greater responsibility for enterprises when it comes to ensuring performance within the network, where the previous dedicated links with a guaranteed performance by Internet Service Provider have been replaced with unpredictable best-effort connections. The project targets the challenges Software-Defined Wide Area Networks introduces in terms of monitoring, by examining the required network transparency between Wide-Area Network edges. A selection of Network Management Systems was evaluated with the requirements specification as a basis. The results show that more diligent monitoring at the edges is needed. Visibility into the underlay network, providing transportation, has to be available. Where the enterprises need to be able to examine path-selection of traffic per application. To ensure that the root of problems can be located in case of performance issues. This was not obtained by the evaluated Network Management Systems. Moreover, it turned out that there was no common standard available for monitoring the technology at the time of the project. The lack of knowledge in the field aimed to decrease with the degree project and the result is of greatest interest to companies that have made the transition to Software-Defined Wide Area Networks or are about to do so. Software-Defined Wide Area Networks är en teknik som har fått mycket uppmärksamhet de senaste åren. Tekniken möjliggör direkt internetåtkomst utan att behöva dirigera trafik genom datacentret. Det möjliggör också användningavbilligareinternetanslutningar för att bygga Wide-AreaNetwork, dyra Multiprotocol Label Switching anslutningar är inte längre nödvändiga. Detta resulterar i ett större ansvar för företag när det gäller att säkerställa prestanda inom nätverket, där de tidigare dedikerade länkarna med garanterad prestanda av internetleverantörer har ersatts med oförutsägbara anslutningar som skickar trafik efter bästa förmåga. Examensarbetet riktar sig mot de utmaningar som Software-Defined Wide Area Networks innebär när det gäller övervakning, genom att undersöka den nödvändiga nätverkstransparensen mellan Wide-Area Network kanterna. Ett urval av nätverkshanteringssystem utvärderades med en definierad kravspecifikation som grund. Resultaten visar att det behövs mer noggrann övervakning i Wide-Area Network kanterna. Insyn i transportlagret måste vara tillgänglig och företagen behöver kunna granska vägval av trafik per applikation, för att säkerställa att ursprungsfel går att lokaliseras i händelse av prestandaproblem. Detta erhölls inte av de utvärderade nätverkshanteringssystemen. Det visade sig dessutom att det inte fanns någon gemensam standard tillgänglig för övervakning av tekniken vid tidpunkten för examensarbetet. Examensarbetet syftar till att minska kunskapsbristen inom området och resultatet är av störst intresse för företag som gjort övergången till Software-Defined Wide Area Networks eller är på väg att göra det.

Today, more and more enterprises are embarking on a digital transformation where most of their applications are hosted in the Cloud. As a result, a reliable Wide Area Network (WAN) has become a primary need to interconnect their distributed branch offices and data centers that accommodate those applications. Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) represents the most promising technology solution for next-generation enterprise networks, being able to increase network agility and reduce costs. In this paper, we present an experimental SD-WAN solution capable of running and optimizing delay-sensitive high-priority services, such as real-time video streaming, while minimizing downtime caused by network failures. This solution comprises a monitoring and a traffic engineering system for SD-WAN. The first consists of a Transport-layer Passive Monitoring (TPM) system based on extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) technology with the goal of monitoring TCP flows; the second consists of an application, running inside the SD-WAN controller, with the goal of orchestrating the network traffic in consideration of the monitoring measurements by ensuring rapid recovery and resilience in case of unexpected congestion events. We validate our solution over two SD-WAN testbeds: the first is hosted in our laboratory at Politecnico di Milano, while the second is deployed in a municipal network of an Italian city. Results show that our SD-WAN solution can increase the overall service availability while meeting the stringent QoS requirements of delay-sensitive services. IEEE

Hierarchical Mobility Label Based Network (H-MLBN) is a new approach to the network layer mobility management problem that relies on MPLS-aware control plane and MPLS-based forwarding plane to provide IP mobility support for IPv4 and IPv6 mobile hosts and routers while being able to ensure optimal traffic delivery between the communicating devices. The hierarchical system is capable of both macro- and micro-mobility support without the use of Mobile IP and its derivatives thus eliminating the user and network facing performance penalties associated with triangular routing and bi-directional tunneling. This paper presents a system model and provides performance analysis for H-MLBN and compares its performance with the Mobile IP based schemes. The results indicate significant performance improvements in the forwarding plane traffic delivery as well as the control plane network update costs.

Multiprotocol Label Switching has been used by service providers as well as the enterprises for its scalability and also for providing end to end IP services with simple and easy configuration. With the increase in the multiprotocol label switching networks it is important to understand the components which make this protocol so easy to configure. Label Distribution Protocol is one such component which has made the working and configuring of the multiprotocol label switching networks very easy. In this report, we are going to see the working of label distribution protocol along with their use in various multiprotocol label switching topologies. (As cited in abstract.) *Publication date not found.

International audience; Optical multilayer optimization periodically reorganizes layer 0-1-2 network elements to handle both existing and dynamic traffic requirements in the most efficient manner. This delays the need for adding new resources in order to cope with the evolution of the traffic, thus saving CAPEX.The focus of this paper is on Layer 2, i.e., on capacity reoptimization at the optical transport network (OTN) layer when routes (e.g., LSPs in MPLS networks) are making unnecessarily long detours to evade congestion. Reconfiguration into optimized routes can be achieved by redefining the routes, one at a time, so that they use the vacant resources generated by the disappearance of services using part of a path that transits the congested section. To maintain the Quality of Service, it is desirable to operate under a Make-Before-Break (MBB) paradigm, with the minimum number of reroutings. The challenge is to determine the best rerouting order while minimizing the bandwidth requirement.We propose an exact and scalable optimization model for computing a minimum bandwidth rerouting scheme subject to MBB in the OTN layer of an optical network. Numerical results show that we can successfully apply it on networks with up to 30 nodes, a very significant improvement with respect to the state of the art. We also provide some reoptimization analysis in terms of the bandwidth requirement vs. the number of reroutings.

La presente documentación detalla el diseño del proyecto conectividad MPLS, Internet Dedicado y WLAN para la empresa ACC Soluciones, con el objeto de resolver sus necesidades de comunicación y TICs. Se planifica la solución para ACC Soluciones de acuerdo con los estándares y procesos del PMBOOK como buena práctica en la gestión de proyectos. This documentation details the design of the MPLS connectivity project, Dedicated Internet and WLAN for the ACC Soluciones company, in order to solve its communication and TICs needs. The solution is planned for ACC Soluciones in accordance with the standards and processes of the PMBOOK as a good practice in project management. Especialista en Redes de Datos http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co Especialización

Data communication over networks is of vital importance, nowadays. Different types of networks exist such as computer networks and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). So, there is a need for data security tools and efficient routing protocols for the networks. Images represent the most important type of data used over networks. So, there is a need for image security tools such as image encryption, watermarking, steganography, and forgery detection. This paper presents efficient algorithms for securing image communication over networks including algorithms for watermarking of encrypted images, steganography of images, and forgery detection if some sort of tampering has been performed on the images. In addition, two routing protocols are considered in this paper to address the bandwidth utilization problems in the Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks: the Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) and the DiffServ Quality of Service (QoS). The objective of studying the performance of these protocols is to set up high-efficiency network topologies to guarantee the flexible transfer of secure data, especially images, over the networks of interest. The MPLS controls the path of the data by utilizing the unused bandwidth, and the DiffServ QoS controls the traffic produced by different users in the network. Hence, the data which is labled as “important” can be routed in a more secure path with less congestion to make sure that the data is delivered flexibly and securely. Multiple experiments are presented with different variations using one or more of the DiffServ-aware MPLS TE, Low Latency Queuing (LLQ), Russian Dolls Model (RDM) and Maximum Allocation Model (MAM) on data, which may be image data. The best results for both IPv4 and IPv6 were obtained using DiffServ-aware TE in RDM model in conjunction with LLQ.