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Abstract Background Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) serves as a valuable pedagogical approach in nursing education, encompassing varying levels of fidelity. While previous reviews have highlighted the potential effectiveness of SBL in enhancing nursing students’ competencies, a gap persists in the evidence-base addressing the long-term retention of these competencies. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of SBL on nursing students’ knowledge and skill acquisition and retention. Method A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Eric, was conducted from 2017 to 2023 to identify relevant studies. The Joanna Briggs critical appraisal tools were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A total of 33 studies (15 RCTs and 18 quasi-experimental) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. A descriptive narrative synthesis method was used to extract relevant data. Results The cumulative sample size of participants across the included studies was 3,670. Most of the studies focused on the impact of SBL on life-saving skills like cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or other life-support skills. The remaining studies examined the impact of SBL on critical care skills or clinical decision-making skills. The analysis highlighted consistent and significant improvements in knowledge and skills. However, the evidence base had several limitations, including the heterogeneity of study designs, risk of bias, and lack of long-term follow-up. Conclusion This systematic review supports the use of SBL as a potent teaching strategy within nursing education and highlights the importance of the ongoing evaluation and refinement of this approach. While current evidence indicates enhancing knowledge and skill acquisition, limited studies evaluated the retention beyond five months, constraining generalisable claims regarding durability. Further research is essential to build on the current evidence and address gaps in knowledge related to the retention, optimal design, implementation, and evaluation of SBL interventions in nursing education.

Background: Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) serves as a valuable pedagogical approach in nursing education, encompassing varying levels of fidelity. While previous reviews have highlighted the potential effectiveness of SBL in enhancing nursing students' competencies, a gap persists in the evidence-base addressing the long-term retention of these competencies. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of SBL on nursing students' knowledge and skill acquisition and retention. Method: A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Eric, was conducted from 2017 to 2023 to identify relevant studies. The Joanna Briggs critical appraisal tools were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A total of 33 studies (15 RCTs and 18 quasi-experimental) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. A descriptive narrative synthesis method was used to extract relevant data. Results: The cumulative sample size of participants across the included studies was 3,670. Most of the studies focused on the impact of SBL on life-saving skills like cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or other life-support skills. The remaining studies examined the impact of SBL on critical care skills or clinical decision-making skills. The analysis highlighted consistent and significant improvements in knowledge and skills. However, the evidence base had several limitations, including the heterogeneity of study designs, risk of bias, and lack of long-term follow-up. Conclusion: This systematic review supports the use of SBL as a potent teaching strategy within nursing education and highlights the importance of the ongoing evaluation and refinement of this approach. While current evidence indicates enhancing knowledge and skill acquisition, limited studies evaluated the retention beyond five months, constraining generalisable claims regarding durability. Further research is essential to build on the current evidence and address gaps in knowledge related to the retention, optimal design, implementation, and evaluation of SBL interventions in nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Traditional apprenticeship‐based surgical training presents with challenges, especially in acute scenarios. Simulation provides the current standard of facilitating surgical training in a low‐risk environment but is restricted by limited accessibility and high costs. Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive three‐dimensional computer‐generated training scenarios and can connect users from various locations. We aimed to compare the performance of junior doctors to manage an acute surgical scenario using VR and mannequin‐based simulation. We hypothesised that VR would be as effective as mannequin‐based simulation in performance outcomes. Methods: This multicentre, randomised controlled pilot study was conducted with eighteen junior doctor volunteers (Foundation and Core Trainee Year 1). Ten were randomly allocated to VR and eight to mannequin‐based simulation. Participants completed questionnaires and a 15‐min pneumothorax scenario. Quantitative metrics included overall score, time‐to‐critical decisions, and academic buoyancy scores (ABS). Qualitative metrics included participants' likes and dislikes of their allocated simulation modality. Results: VR participants scored significantly higher than mannequin‐based simulation participants in overall scores (74.30% (SD ± 5.08%) vs. 59.75% (SD ± 10.14) (p = 0.04)), and technical skills aspects (77.20% (SD ± 8.01%) vs. 65.00% (SD ± 8.21%) (p = 0.01)). Mannequin‐based simulation participants initiated critical decisions faster and demonstrated a trend towards a faster mean time‐to‐completion (p = 0.06). ABS scores increased for both study groups, though was only significant for VR participants (p ≤ 0.01). VR participants liked how VR fostered independent learning but disliked the formulaic content and impaired communication‐learning compared to mannequin‐based simulation. Conclusion: Both VR and mannequin‐based simulation training are effective in training junior doctors in acute surgical scenarios but present different educational benefits. Future research should recruit a larger sample size for a full comparative randomised controlled trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Accidental extubation during prone position can be a life-threatening emergency requiring rapid establishment of the airway. However, there is limited evidence of the best airway rescue method for this potentially catastrophic emergency. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective method to recover the airway in case of accidental extubation during prone positioning by comparing three techniques (supraglottic airway, video laryngoscopy, and fiber-optic bronchoscopy) in a simulated environment. Methods Eleven anesthesiologists and 12 anesthesia fellows performed the simulated airway management using 3 different techniques on a mannequin positioned prone in head pins. Time required for definitive airway management and the success rates were measured. Results The success rates of airway rescue were 100% with the supraglottic airway device (SAD), 69.6% with the video laryngoscope (CMAC), and 91.3% with the FOB. The mean (SD) time to insertion was 18.1 (4.8) s for the supraglottic airway, 78.3 (32.0) s for the CMAC, and 57.3 (24.6) s for the FOB. There were significant differences in the time required for definitive airway management between the SAD and FOB (t = 5.79, p

Modeling has become popular in many societies today as one of the advertising arms of the fashion industry. Women are one of the important elements in this activity. Women's modeling has become one of the most challenging issues with the expansion of cyberspace in Iran. This research, by taking a descriptive-analytical method with a practical purpose and by collecting information from library and Internet sources, seeks to explain the gaps in the field of women's modeling in the Iranian legal system and to provide related proposals. This is done by examining the licenses, restrictions, and prohibitions of women's modeling in Iranian law. Based on the findings of this study, in the Iranian legal system, specific rules and regulations for Women's modeling are not specifically provided. Of course, there are rules and regulations in the fields of fashion and clothing, advertising, and cyberspace, which may include some types of modeling. From the present study, it can be concluded that the Iranian legal system does not have a specific approach to modeling and the legal gap in this regard is tangible. The recent reality has caused Women's modeling, which has emerged as a social phenomenon, to lead to undesirable results if not guided and monitored properly.

Abstract Background The traditional teaching methods of dental education are gradually being replaced with futuristic education methods based on the usage of educational tools such as mannequin-based simulation models and virtual reality. However, the effectiveness of mannequin-based simulation models as a learning method in the field of oral surgery remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of training on a tooth extraction model (TEM) in view of undergraduate dental students’ experience and perception of their education. Methods A quasi-experimental trial was implemented with two consecutive year classes, totaling 136 students at the Dentistry Faculty of Altinbas University, Turkiye. Two cohorts were created from dental students in the classes of 2023 and 2022 graduates. Cohort 1 (n = 71) received 14 h of theoretical education followed by 10 h of preclinical education on TEM. Cohort 2 (n = 65) received only 14 h of theoretical education. An anonymous questionnaire was prepared with four main sections including the preferences of learning style, participants’ perceptions of the preclinical training methods, the students’ competency and free text comments. Students’ opinions were quantified with both 7-point Likert scales and thematic analysis. Anxiety levels were measured with the interval scale of anxiety response (ISAR). Descriptive statistics, inferential statistical and thematic analyses were conducted according to survey responses. Student characteristics were summarized and compared for two cohorts using a t-test. For all statistical analyses, the significance level was set atP ≤ 0.05. Result Cohort 1 was more comfortable with sequential motions performed with the forceps (P = 0.033) and felt more ready for their first clinical tooth extraction experience (P = 0.028). Cohort 2 showed a significantly higher preference for textbooks among supplementary materials (P = 0.04); however, they tended to exhibit lower self-confidence and higher anxiety levels, though without any statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion It is clear that the students who have yet to start seeing patients benefit from increased practice with training models, which adequately reflect and represent real-life situations encountered in everyday practice.

Copyright of International Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of International Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document summarizes a comparative study that examined the effectiveness of video-based teaching versus mannequin-based teaching for teaching parenteral drug administration to medical undergraduates. The study found that both methods improved students' knowledge, but mannequin-based teaching was more effective in improving students' perception and skill. However, the study also acknowledged the limitations of simulation-based education and suggested using a combination of teaching methods for effective clinical skills training. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Background and Aims Traditional apprenticeship‐based surgical training presents with challenges, especially in acute scenarios. Simulation provides the current standard of facilitating surgical training in a low‐risk environment but is restricted by limited accessibility and high costs. Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive three‐dimensional computer‐generated training scenarios and can connect users from various locations. We aimed to compare the performance of junior doctors to manage an acute surgical scenario using VR and mannequin‐based simulation. We hypothesised that VR would be as effective as mannequin‐based simulation in performance outcomes. Methods This multicentre, randomised controlled pilot study was conducted with eighteen junior doctor volunteers (Foundation and Core Trainee Year 1). Ten were randomly allocated to VR and eight to mannequin‐based simulation. Participants completed questionnaires and a 15‐min pneumothorax scenario. Quantitative metrics included overall score, time‐to‐critical decisions, and academic buoyancy scores (ABS). Qualitative metrics included participants' likes and dislikes of their allocated simulation modality. Results VR participants scored significantly higher than mannequin‐based simulation participants in overall scores (74.30% (SD ± 5.08%) vs. 59.75% (SD ± 10.14) (p = 0.04)), and technical skills aspects (77.20% (SD ± 8.01%) vs. 65.00% (SD ± 8.21%) (p = 0.01)). Mannequin‐based simulation participants initiated critical decisions faster and demonstrated a trend towards a faster mean time‐to‐completion (p = 0.06). ABS scores increased for both study groups, though was only significant for VR participants (p ≤ 0.01). VR participants liked how VR fostered independent learning but disliked the formulaic content and impaired communication‐learning compared to mannequin‐based simulation. Conclusion Both VR and mannequin‐based simulation training are effective in training junior doctors in acute surgical scenarios but present different educational benefits. Future research should recruit a larger sample size for a full comparative randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: CPR is an important lifesaving skill that can improve outcomes of patients in cardiac arrest. Mass training of hands-only CPR is one of the ways to spread information and teach this skill. Need for expensive CPR mannequins are a limiting factor in conducting such mass training programmes. This study assessed the effectiveness of a low-cost CPR pillow model in training hands-only CPR. Methodology: Two hundred and six undergraduate students underwent a two-hour CPR training session. They were randomly divided into two groups – mannequin group and CPR pillow group and practiced hands-only CPR on a standard mannequin and a low-cost CPR pillow model, respectively. Knowledge, attitude, and skill acquisition were objectively assessed and compared between the two groups. Results: There was no statistical difference in hand positioning, chest compression rate and fraction, depth and overall CPR score between the two groups trained via mannequin and CPR Pillow (P > 0.05). The CPR pillow group had better percentage of chest recoil as compared to the mannequin group (86% vs 73%; P

In order to better apply digital technology to the clothing industry, we broke through the traditional method of obtaining clothing samples, and combined reverse engineering method with three-dimensional clothing design to design the structure and function of young women's night running clothes. Firstly, the human body data of 103 female college students were collected by using 3D body scanner and analyzed by SPSS software. The human body model was constructed by using 3D virtual design platform, and the outer contour curve of clothing was directly drawn on the human body model to construct the basic clothing surface. Then, according to the style drawing, the dividing line was drawn, the 3D clothing surface was flattened to obtain the 2D sample, and the 3D virtual fitting software was used for virtual fitting. The virtual pressure test was performed on 26 pressure points in 6 postures of running, and the pressure of the two types of clothing was compared. Finally, the night running clothes design was combined with Lilypad Arduino development board to determine the final style design for sample garment production and subjective evaluation by comparing the virtual pressure values of the night running clothes. The evaluation results show that the proposed method is effective for the automatic generation of tight-fitting garment design and pattern generation.

Background: Training is required to achieve proficiency in airway management. Simulators are of utmost importance not only for the purpose of training novices, but also for evaluating newer airway devices and techniques. Growing evidence supports inadequate anatomic airway reproduction in adult and pediatric manikins. Methods: We conducted an observational study comparing 17 radiological anatomic airway measurements obtained via the computed tomography of three commercially available manikins with the same measurements obtained from a population of newborns/infant (range: 0–3 months) undergoing magnetic resonance imaging for diagnostic purposes. According to the reference (mean and standard deviation (SD) of the pediatric population), each manikin measurement was defined as adequate, partially adequate or inadequate (difference between means: ≤±1, 1.0–1.96 or >1.96 SD, respectively). The primary outcome was the number of measurements with an adequate reproduction of airways. Results: We included 27 pediatric patients (21 ± 19 days, 48% males, 46.6 ± 3.5 cm, 2.7 ± 0.5 Kg and 12.6 ± 2.9 kg/m2). All manikins had n = 11/17 measurements with inadequate airway anatomic reproduction. The three measurements with more adequate reproduction were the height of the soft palate, retropalatal airspace volume and tongue volume (adequate in two manikins, and partially adequate in the remaining one). Conclusions: In three manikins commonly used for training in pediatric airways, static dimensions do not seem anatomically correct in relation to those of pediatric patients. Such inaccuracies may introduce biases in airway device development as well as in training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the perpetrator’s sex, victim’s position and slashing location as well as anthropometric parameters on distance and space required for slashing, to provide the theoretical basis for the judgment of whether the crime scene was consistent with the criminal activity space.MethodsThe kinematics data of 12 male and 12 female subjects slashing the neck of standing and supine mannequins as well as the chest of the standing mannequins with a kitchen knife were obtained by using a 3D motion capture system. The relationship between the perpetrator’s sex-victim’s position, the perpetrator’s sex-slashing location, and anthropometric parameters and the distance and space required for the slashing were analyzed by two-factor repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis respectively.ResultsCompared with slashing the neck of supine mannequins, the distance （L） and normalized L （l） of slashing the neck of standing mannequins were greater, while vertical distance （LVR） and normalized LVR （lVR） of the knife side were smaller. Compared with slashing the neck of standing mannequins, the L and l slashing the chest of standing mannequins were greater, while LVR and lVR were smaller. Horizontal distance （LHR） and normalized LHR （lHR） of the knife side in males were greater than that in females. Height and arm length were positively correlated with L, LHR, and LVR when striking the standing mannequins.ConclusionWhen slashing the neck of supine or standing victims, the slashing distance is shorter and the slashing height is greater. Furthermore, the distance and space required for slashing are correlate with anthropometric parameters.

In order to better apply digital technology to the clothing industry, we broke through the traditional method of obtaining clothing samples, and combined reverse engineering method with three-dimensional clothing design to design the structure and function of young women’s night running clothes. Firstly, the human body data of 103 female college students were collected by using 3D body scanner and analyzed by SPSS software. The human body model was constructed by using 3D virtual design platform, and the outer contour curve of clothing was directly drawn on the human body model to construct the basic clothing surface. Then, according to the style drawing, the dividing line was drawn, the 3D clothing surface was flattened to obtain the 2D sample, and the 3D virtual fitting software was used for virtual fitting. The virtual pressure test was performed on 26 pressure points in 6 postures of running, and the pressure of the two types of clothing was compared. Finally, the night running clothes design was combined with Lily pad Arduino development board to determine the final style design for sample garment production and subjective evaluation by comparing the virtual pressure values of the night running clothes. The evaluation results show that the proposed method is effective for the automatic generation of tight-fitting garment design and pattern generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: diagnosis of hypothermia, assistance with care for low-birth-weight neonates. The effectiveness of skin-to-skin care (SSC) notably depends on the delivery room air temperature (Ta), the thermal insulation provided by the fabrics or clothes covering the mother and the neonate (Icl), and the neonate's metabolism (M). The objective of the present study was to model the influence of these variables on the effectiveness of SSC for premature newborns. To this end, we used an appropriate thermal mannequin and applied a mathematical model of body heat exchanges. We performed experiments at Ta values (20.9 °C and 25.9 °C) and two Icl values (sheet only and sheet + blanket). At a Ta of 25.9 °C, normothermia was estimated after one hour of SSC with the sheet (Icl = 0.15 m2 °C/W; 36.52 °C) and the sheet + blanket (Icl = 0.21 m2 °C/W; 37.09 °C) but only with the highest value of M (2.70 W/kg). With a Ta of 20.9 °C, moderate hypothermia (requiring monitoring of the neonate's thermal status) was estimated—except for M = 2.70 W/kg and Icl = 0.21 m2 °C/W. During early SSC, homeothermy can be maintained when Ta is 25 °C (the temperature recommended by the World Health Organization) but only when the neonate's tissue insulation is high (Icl ≥ 0.15 m2 °C/W) and when the level of metabolic heat production is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irena Kossowska’s “A Quest for a ‘New Man’: Bruno Schulz and Giorgio de Chirico” published in Realisms of the Avant-Garde (2020) analyses the work of the Polish Jewish writer Bruno Schulz (1892 – 1942) from the perspective of the category of the “new man”. In his writing, Schulz employed cultural syncretism and eclecticism that aimed at innovation. He paraphrased and intertwined chosen models and formed new semantic entities and the previously non-existent innovative combinations. Trying to trace the original myth diluted in various layers of culture, he combined heterogeneous elements derived from mutually antagonistic sources into a homogenous vision. In the construction of his own private mythology from fragments and “shreds of sculptures and statues of gods”, Schulz used various elements of the cultural heritage. This contribution situates Kossowska’s chapter into the context of Schulz’s understanding of his own work as mythologizing the reality and creating private mythology from developing key images of the unconscious originating in childhood. Metamorphoses of entities in Schulz’s literary universe spring from the fermentation of the matter. With regards to the motif of mannequins and the Demiurge, the contribution provides a supplementary context that is relevant for the matter under discussion – Judaism and the creation of golems (R. Lachmann, V. Nelson, M. Benešová) and parodies of Gnosticism.

Implementation of Machine Learning (ML) to improve product and production development processes poses a significant opportunity for manufacturing industries. ML has the capability to calibrate models with considerable adaptability and high accuracy. This capability is specifically promising for applications where classical production automation is too expensive, e.g., for mass customization cases where the production environment is uncertain and unstructured. To cope with the diversity in production systems and working environments, Reinforcement Learning (RL) in combination with lightweight game engines can be used from initial stages of a product and production development process. However, there are multiple challenges such as collecting observations in a virtual environment which can interact similar to a physical environment. This project focuses on setting up RL methodologies to perform path-finding and collision detection in varying environments. One case study is human assembly evaluation method in the automobile industry which is currently manual intensive to investigate digitally. For this case, a mannequin is trained to perform pick and place operations in varying environments and thus automating assembly validation process in early design phases. The next application is path-finding of mobile robots including an articulated arm to perform pick and place operations. This application is expensive to setup with classical methods and thus RL enables an automated approach for this task as well.

The article concerns the graduation puppet performance Wrocław: Escape Room, directed by Arkadiusz Buszko from the National Academy of Theatre Arts in Kraków at the Puppetry Department in Wrocław. The narrative of the performance is set in post-apocalyptic Wrocław, and the heroes are historic figures connected with this city at various stages of their lives. An analysis of the performance, with particular emphasis on the role and form of puppets, animated objects and costumes, made it possible to assess how the staging concepts of the creators contributed to the horror effect and how they influenced the presentation of the characters. The authors of the Wrocław diploma piece utilized the puppets’ potential for formal transformations in creating characteristic, fascinating, but also quite frightening puppets and costumes made of fragments of mannequins. Therefore, the analysis of the elements of the performance was supplemented with considerations on the mannequins and their role in the theatre. The second category that is significant for the interpretation of the performance is the notion of a monster. Research on the perception of monsters in culture proved to be helpful, as it allowed for reading the characters of the performance through the lens of monstrosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This randomised crossover mannequin study aimed to compare the insertion time for the newly developed SingularityTM Air and the Ambu® AuraGainTM. The SingularityTM Air includes a bendable tube in order to allow optimal passform. Methods: Fifty anaesthetists with a minimum of 100 supraglottic airway device insertions were recruited and randomly assigned to start either with the SingularityTM Air or with the Ambu® AuraGainTM. Participants watched a tutorial video the day before the assessment and received a standardized introduction immediately before the assessment. The primary outcome was the time for successful insertion. Secondary parameters were the overall insertion success rate, the numbers of insertion attempts (maximum three), the glottic view through a flexible bronchoscope, and the success rate for gastric tube insertion. Results: Fifty participants were eventually recruited and randomly assigned to insert both devices according to the randomization. The insertion time was 24 s for SingularityTM Air as compared to 20 s for Ambu® AuraGainTM (p < 0.001). Overall insertion rate was 92% for the SingularityTM Air as compared to 100% for the Ambu® AuraGainTM (p could not be derived as one variable is a constant). The primary insertion success rate was better for the Ambu® AuraGainTM than for the SingularityTM Air (94% versus 68%; p: 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: The time for successful insertion and the insertion success rate for the newly developed SingularityTM Air is inferior to that for the Ambu® AuraGainTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Epiglottic masses are often asymptomatic, making them difficult to detect during preoperative examinations. Consequently, anesthesiologists may face ventilation difficulties with no apparent cause. Epiglottic masses can sometimes obstruct laryngoscope insertion into the epiglottic vallecula, complicating general anesthesia induction. In such cases, supraglottic airway insertion may be a viable alternative; however, the limited case reports on its use for epiglottic masses make its applicability unclear. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that a larger laryngeal artificial mass could obstruct the view of the larynx, even when supraglottic airways are used in a mannequin study., Methods: We utilized an airway management simulator (Air Sim Multi®: Nihon 3B Scientific, Japan) to place various sizes of artificial masses (tumors) above the epiglottis. The groups included a control group with no mass, small size mass group, middle size mass group, and large size mass group. The supraglottic airway (i-gel®: Intersurgical, UK) was then inserted 10 times. We categorized the view of the vocal cords using a bronchoscope inserted through the tip of the cuff according to the Cormack-Lehane classification. In addition, we performed pressure-controlled ventilation, adjusting the inspiratory pressure from 10 cm H₂O to 25 cm H₂O, while measuring the tidal volumes., Results: The Cormack-Lehane classification grade increased in correlation with the mass size. In each inspiratory pressure, tidal volume decreased in correlation with the mass size. Furthermore, in the large-size mass group, even at an inspiratory pressure of 25 cm H₂O, achieving the tidal volume required for general adult respiratory management was deemed difficult., Conclusion: In a mannequin study, we observed that epiglottic masses significantly increased the Cormack-Lehane classification grade and reduced tidal volume, with these effects correlating with the size of the mass. This finding suggests that the appropriateness of using a supraglottic airway may depend on the size and weight of the epiglottic mass., Competing Interests: Human subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve human participants or tissue. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Matsumoto et al.)

This research aims to study the possibility of designing expressive fashion on the mannequin as a wearable art inspired by the architectural heritage of of Saudi Arabia using recycled materials, to find new artistic features characterized by originality and modernity, and highlighting the artistic and aesthetic features of heritage buildings according to each region with an expressive technical nature compatible with the art Fashion design. The research followed the descriptive analytical method in studying the concept of wearable art, its beginnings and its historical and creative development, and in analyzing and describing the styles of traditional buildings in Saudi Arabia:1- Hijaz style (Hijaz house - Hijaz palaces)2- Najdi style (Najdi House - Al-Duryia Buildings)3- The Southern style (Asiri House - Al Asha Al Jawizah)In addition to the applied study that resulted in eight designs of expressive costumes on the mannequin as a wearable art that mimics the architectural heritage of Saudi Arabia with recycled materials and materials (paper - cardboard - fabric scraps - stones - wood - buttons - threads - burlap - wicker).The arbitrators agreed that the designs are actual applications of wearable art, and clearly indicate the traditional buildings borrowed from them. The relationship between wearable art and heritage is also present to reflect the diversity of cultures, geographical locations, nature and human mood in past times.The research recommended organizing local art competitions between universities in the field of wearable fashion and arts, and then elevating them to international partnerships, and taking advantage of historical study to stimulate this type of arts and support it commercially in exhibitions and events and scientifically by including it in the curricula and scientific research.

Irena Kossowska's "A Quest for a 'New Man': Bruno Schulz and Giorgio de Chirico" published in Realisms of the Avant-Garde (2020) analyses the work of the Polish Jewish writer Bruno Schulz (1892 -- 1942) from the perspective of the category of the "new man". In his writing, Schulz employed cultural syncretism and eclecticism that aimed at innovation. He paraphrased and intertwined chosen models and formed new semantic entities and combinations. Trying to trace the original myth diluted in various layers of culture, he combined heterogeneous elements derived from mutually antagonistic sources into a homogenous vision. In the construction of his own private mythology from fragments and "shreds of sculptures and statues of gods", Schulz used various elements of the cultural heritage. This contribution situates Kossowska's chapter into the context of Schulz's understanding of his own work as mythologizing the reality and creating private mythology from developing key images of the unconscious originating in childhood. Metamorphoses of entities in Schulz's literary universe spring from the fermentation of the matter. With regards to the motif of mannequins and the Demiurge, the contribution provides a supplementary context that is relevant for the matter under discussion -- Judaism and the creation of golems (R. Lachmann, V. Nelson, M. Benešová) and parodies of Gnosticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For 300 years now, obstetrics has drawn on the concept of simulation training to not only teach anatomy and physiology theoretically, but to literally infuse it practically. In an 18th century scientific culture, which was predominantly patriarchal, the French royal midwife Angelique Marguerite Le Boursier du Coudray excelled in this field. Using La Machine, one of the first obstetric phantoms, she taught thousands of midwives and even physicians. The exponential increase in publications on obstetric simulations in recent years continues to underline their current relevance, and Madame du Coudray was once at the forefront with her mannequin, probably the most sophisticated phantom of its time, a symbiosis of practical-robust architecture and anatomical-theoretical accuracy. In retrospect, it is therefore worthwhile to take a closer look at this pioneer and her obstetric phantoms, applied in the first national simulation-based training course, and to evaluate them in the overall picture of the development of anatomically correct replicas for practice-oriented training with detailed, flexible exercise – back to the roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of skin-to-skin care (SSC) notably depends on the delivery room air temperature (Ta), the thermal insulation provided by the fabrics or clothes covering the mother and the neonate (Icl), and the neonate’s metabolism (M). The objective of the present study was to model the influence of these variables on the effectiveness of SSC for premature newborns. To this end, we used an appropriate thermal mannequin and applied a mathematical model of body heat exchanges. We performed experiments at Ta values (20.9 °C and 25.9 °C) and two Icl values (sheet only and sheet + blanket). At a Ta of 25.9 °C, normothermia was estimated after one hour of SSC with the sheet (Icl = 0.15 m2 °C/W; 36.52 °C) and the sheet + blanket (Icl = 0.21 m2 °C/W; 37.09 °C) but only with the highest value of M (2.70 W/kg). With a Ta of 20.9 °C, moderate hypothermia (requiring monitoring of the neonate’s thermal status) was estimated—except for M = 2.70 W/kg and Icl = 0.21 m2 °C/W. During early SSC, homeothermy can be maintained when Ta is 25 °C (the temperature recommended by the World Health Organization) but only when the neonate’s tissue insulation is high (Icl ≥ 0.15 m2 °C/W) and when the level of metabolic heat production is high.

Exposure to blast is one of the major causes of death and disability in recent military conflicts. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the protective capability of the ballistic-proof equipment worn by soldiers against the effects of blast overpressure (i.e., primary blast injuries). A focus will be made on thoracic protective equipment (TPE). An anthropomorphic mannequin, called BOPMAN, and anesthetized swine both wearing soft, hard or no ballistic protection, were subjected to an open-field high-intensity blast. For swine, thoracic wall motion (acceleration and velocity) was recorded during blast exposure and severity of lung injury was evaluated postmortem. Different data were collected from BOPMAN thoracic responses, including reflected and internal pressure, as well as the force at the rear face of the instrumented part. The severity of blast-induced lung injuries (contusion extent, Axelsson Severity Scale) and the thoracic wall motion were decreased in animals protected with thoracic ceramic hard plates as compared to those wearing soft or no protection. There was a clear trend towards greater lung injury in animals protected with the soft body armor used, even when compared to unprotected animals. In line with these experimental data, the measured force as well as the force impulse measured using BOPMAN were also decreased with a ceramic hard plate protection and increased when a soft ballistic pack was used compared to no protection. Comparison of data collected on BOPMAN and swine equipped with the same protection level revealed that those two force parameters were well correlated with the level of blast-induced lung injury (force, R2 = 0.74 and force impulse, R2 = 0.77, p < 0.05). Taken together, our results suggest that the force and the force impulse data from BOPMAN may help estimate the efficiency of existing TPE regarding lung protection under blast exposure and may represent an important tool for development of future TPE.

The main objective of this study was to test the feasibility of measuring minimum audible angle in headphones with different reference positions in the horizontal plane, and comparing different types of pre-recorded head-related transfer functions. The secondary objective was to assess spatial discrimination performance in simulated unilateral hearing loss by measuring the minimum audible angle under monaural conditions using headphones. Minimum audible angle was assessed in 27 normal-hearing subjects, to test their spatial discrimination abilities, using 4 datasets of pre-recorded head-related transfer functions: 2 recorded on mannequins (KU100, KEMAR), and 2 individualized head-related transfer function datasets (TBM, PBM). Performance was evaluated at 3 reference positions (0°, 50° and 180°) in 1 binaural and 2 monaural conditions. KU100 generated minimum audible angle values smaller than KEMAR in frontal and lateral position P < 0.005), with a suggestive difference (P < 0.05) compared to TBM and PBM in the frontal and lateral planes. Comparison between binaural and monaural conditions showed significant differences in frontal position for MON-c (contralateral) and MON-i (ipsilateral) (P < 0.001), in lateral position for MON-c only (P < 0.001) and in posterior position for MON-c and MON-i (P < 0.001). This study suggests that evaluation of spatial discrimination capacity using minimum audible angle with the KU100 head-related transfer dataset was reliable and robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human patient simulation uses technology to add advancements to learning that traditional learning methods cannot. Many programs are fast-paced and do not provide students with many hands-on experiences before clinical experiences. The literature notes the benefits of human patient simulation in other healthcare programs, yet limited studies exist in occupational therapy. This study examined student perspectives on the use of human patient simulators in occupational therapy curriculum. 146 first year master of occupational therapy students completed an open-ended survey after an evaluation experience with a physiologically based human patient simulator. Responses were collected during four consecutive years. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Four themes emerged and centered on the value of hands-on learning, team and family dynamics, the human experience, and relevance of clinically applicable skills. Findings indicate that students perceive this type of learning as beneficial before taking the next step towards fieldwork, and programs should consider offering a variety of simulated patient cases throughout the curriculum.

Objective: Cervical spine manipulation is a complex motor skill used to treat musculoskeletal ailments such as neck pain. There is evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of objective feedback and mannequins for the teaching of spinal manipulation (SM) in the thoracic and lumbar spine. This paper examines the effectiveness of an educational intervention combining both mannequins and force-sensing technology for teaching cervical SM. Methods: Fourth-year chiropractic interns were separated into 2 groups: an intervention group and a group trained with the standard curriculum. The intervention included a 60-minute educational session focused on targeting 100 N total peak force cervical manipulations on mannequins, with objective feedback through force-sensing table technology. Pre- and post-CMs were recorded on both a mannequin and a paired student partner, with an attempt to have a target total peak force of 100 N. Results: Ninety students were recruited. The invention group (n = 46) scored significantly better at the outcome compared to the control group (n = 44) when manipulating the mannequin (p = .003). These improvements did not carry over when manipulating a paired human partner (p = .067). Conclusion: Following a 1-hour cervical SM educational intervention utilizing thrusting on mannequins and forcesensing table technology, students demonstrated improved peak force control for SM delivered on the mannequin. However, this improvement was not carried over to SM delivered on human subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the origins of the mannequin and challenges the gender assumptions it has been cloaked in. In nineteenth-century Paris, the fashion mannequin became a key technology in the construction of normative bodies, a principal “actor” in shaping current clothing cultures, and literally embodied debates over creativity and commodification. It locates the origins of the mannequin and the advent of live male fashion models in the bespoke tailoring practices of the 1820s, several decades before the female fashion model appeared on the scene. It ties the mannequin to larger shifts in the mass-production, standardization, and literal dehumanization of clothing production and consumption. As male tailors were put out of business by the proliferation of mass-produced clothing in standardized sizes, innovators like Alexis Lavigne and his daughter Alice Guerre-Lavigne made, marketed, and mass-produced feminized mannequins and taught tailoring techniques to and for a new generation of women. Starting in the 1870s and 80s, seamstresses used these new workshop tools to construct and drape innovative garments. Despite the vilification of the mannequin as a cipher for the superficiality and lack of individuality of fashionable displays in the modern urban landscape, early twentieth-century couturières like Callot Soeurs and Madeleine Vionnet ultimately used mannequins to produce genuinely creative clothing that freed the elite female body and allowed it new forms of mobility.

Introduction: Physiology, the foundation for medicine, learnt by animal experiments have long been replaced by computer or simulation or mannequin based teaching. Mannequin usage for Electrocardiogram (ECG) session, with case based discussion session provides hands-on practice to first year medical students without compromising patient care and safety. Case discussion improves critical thinking in a team. Objective: To evaluate the perception and learning for physiological basis of ECG using mannequin based teaching approach for first year medical students. Method: Observational, cross sectional study of first year student from 2017-18 batch in Sumandeep Vidyapeeth. Theoretical aspect of ECG was explained by interactive lecture series followed by 3hours practical session in groups (25 students per group) on “Heartsim 200” mannequin with clinical cases based on variation in ECG parameter as per cardiac disorder. Result: Statistically significant learning outcome was observed from pre-post analysis. Students agreed to a have a deeper understanding of the concepts, other than enjoyed this learning activity. Usage of this type of activity for other clinical practical session was strongly agreed by majority of the students. Although, limited time and large group of students were highlighted as limitations for the study. Conclusion: Mannequin is a useful learning tool for deeper understanding of clinical cases and practical during first year of medical teaching program.

Ali A Alsaad,1 Swetha Davuluri,2 Vandana Y Bhide,3 Amy M Lannen,4 Michael J Maniaci3 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 2University of Miami, Coral Gables, 3Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, 4J. Wayne and Delores Barr Weaver Simulation Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA Background: Conducting simulations of rapidly decompensating patients are a key part of internal medicine (IM) residency training. Traditionally, mannequins have been the simulation tool used in these scenarios. Objective: To compare IM residents’ performance and assess realism in specific-simulated decompensating patient scenarios using standardized patients (SPs) as compared to mannequin. Methods: Nineteen IM residents were randomized to undergo simulations using either a mannequin or an SP. Each resident in the two groups underwent four different simulation scenarios (calcium channel blocker overdose, severe sepsis, severe asthma exacerbation, and acute bacterial meningitis). Residents completed pretest and post-test evaluations as well as a questionnaire to assess the reality perception (realism score). Results: Nine residents completed mannequin-based scenarios, whereas 10 completed SP-based scenarios. Improvement in the post-test scores was seen in both groups. However, there were significantly higher post-test scores achieved with SP simulations in three out of the four scenarios (P=0.01). When compared with the mannequin group, the SP simulation group showed a significantly higher average realism score (P=0.002). Conclusions: Applying SP-based specific-simulation scenarios in IM residency training may result in better performance and a higher sense of a realistic experience by medical residents. Keywords: simulation, standardized patient, satisfaction, mannequin, assessment, resident education

Background: The use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) for hemorrhagic shock is increasing, but questions remain about who to train and how best to train them. We developed a REBOA training curriculum and performed a pilot course teaching the technique to surgeons and non-surgeons using four different simulation models. Methods: A REBOA curriculum was created incorporating four simulation models: (1) virtual reality, (2) mannequin, (3) large animal live tissue, and (4) perfused cadaver. The course was taught to n = 6 military personnel, including two surgeons, two emergency medicine physicians, and two non-physicians, with no prior REBOA experience. Performance using each model was recorded, and pre and post-course tests and surveys were administered. Simulation models compared capabilities, learner preferences, and cost. Results: Learners gained confidence and performed REBOA successfully in the perfused cadaver models. Higherfidelity live tissue and cadaver models were preferred, and learners rated them as the most realistic. Virtual reality and mannequin simulation were rated the least realistic and most dispensable methods of learning. All simulation models required significant resource investment. Conclusions: A simplified curriculum, focusing only on the skills necessary to perform REBOA, shows promise in providing medical personnel with the confidence and competence to perform the procedure. Higher-fidelity perfused cadaver and live tissue models are preferred by learners, and future work is required to improve the usefulness of mannequin and virtual reality simulation for training. Although REBOA simulation education is expensive, it has the potential to help revolutionize military and civilian prehospital hemorrhage control.

Adam Wiśniewski-Snerg (1937-1995) was a Polish science fiction writer. In his novel Robot (1973), he made an attempt at a literary visualization of a machine acquiring human identity. In this article I would like to follow the ethical consequences of such situations in created literary worlds. It is worth remembering, however, that these artistic worlds often serve to test non-literary reality. In his novel, Wiśniewski-Snerg also dealt with the problem of human feelings (e.g. moral dilemmas) in a thinking machine, which is formed in the image and likeness of a human being. Such literary reflection is valuable, partly because it enters into an interesting dialogue with the work of Bruno Schulz (1892- 1942), one of the most important Polish writers of the 20th century. It is also one of the first attempts in Polish literature to address the issue of sentient machines, and is a kind of preview of contemporary dilemmas connected with the work on the creation of artificial intelligence. An example of such a dilemma is the issue of the sentient machine’s perception of the tasks imposed on it by the human-constructor. Perhaps it will start to experience them as a kind of unethical oppression. In Wiśniewski-Snerg’s writing this problem of is, of course, expressed in a metaphorical way.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious disease and, when not treated can cause 95% death in humans. There is a high prevalence in dogs, with many asymptomatic cases. Early diagnosis in humans and dogs is necessary to map and control this disease in the municipalities. In São Paulo state, the first case was reported in Araçatuba in 1998. Since then, the disease spread especially in the northwest of the state. Due to this concern, São José do Rio Preto City Hall carried out a canine serological survey to research the VL in the first semester of 2017. The students from the Veterinary School of Centro Universitário de Rio Preto (UNIRP)composed the serological survey teams. The training of the survey teams was essential to assure the animal well-being, the quality of the samples used for diagnosis, and health information to the population. The present work aims to describe the methodology used for the training of the survey teams. The capacitation was done through theoretical explanation and description of the methods. The practice was carried out by supervised individual orientation using canine mannequins. Twenty students from the survey team taught tutors and their dogs, residents in the urban area of the municipality, from April to May 2017. A thousand five hundred and eighty one blood samples from the dogs were collected. There were no violations registered that could present any risk to the animals or humans well-being during the action. The training optimized the time to collect blood samples from dogs in urban area as public health strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: CPR is an important lifesaving skill that can improve outcomes of patients in cardiac arrest. Mass training of hands-only CPR is one of the ways to spread information and teach this skill. Need for expensive CPR mannequins are a limiting factor in conducting such mass training programmes. This study assessed the effectiveness of a low-cost CPR pillow model in training hands-only CPR., Methodology: Two hundred and six undergraduate students underwent a two-hour CPR training session. They were randomly divided into two groups - mannequin group and CPR pillow group and practiced hands-only CPR on a standard mannequin and a low-cost CPR pillow model, respectively. Knowledge, attitude, and skill acquisition were objectively assessed and compared between the two groups., Results: There was no statistical difference in hand positioning, chest compression rate and fraction, depth and overall CPR score between the two groups trained via mannequin and CPR Pillow ( P  > 0.05). The CPR pillow group had better percentage of chest recoil as compared to the mannequin group (86% vs 73%; P  < 0.001)., Conclusion: The use of low-cost homemade CPR devices such as our CPR pillow model is an acceptable alternative to mannequin for training hands-only CPR to lay rescuers., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

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