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Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used pharmaceutical for various purposes, including as an anticonvulsant, antibiotic, and antiepileptic agent, and it undergoes diverse metabolic pathways in both the environment and the human body. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the distribution of CBZ, the presence of its transformation products (TPs), and the transformation pathways in the Mangyeong and Dongjin Rivers in the Saemangeum watershed of Korea using non-targeted screening. The concentration distribution results for CBZ and its TPs showed that the average concentrations in the Mangyeong and Dongjin Rivers were 128.8 ng/L and 89.0 ng/L, respectively. The Mangyeong River exhibited a higher CBZ concentration than the Dongjin River, which was similar to those of the reported CBZ concentrations in other major domestic and international rivers. The types and detection frequencies of the identified TPs exhibited similar trends. The detection frequencies of the TPs decreased in the following order: CBZ-EP > DiOH-CBZ > 10OH-CBZ > 2OH-CBZ > 9-carboxyacridine > 9-acridinecarboxaldehyde. The detection frequency of the main TPs was high, and some were believed to be generated during the water treatment process. The presence of additional TPs (CBZ-O-quinone, acridine, and iminostilbene) was confirmed by the generated molecular networks. This study presents the transformation pathway of the CBZ and provides foundational data for understanding the environmental behavior of TPs, improving wastewater treatment plants, managing water quality, and establishing water environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To avoid fraudulent practices, LC-Orbitrap and FT-NIRS combined with multivariate analysis was used to distinguish between 53 Korean and foreign Boston butt samples; forty were used to establish the calibration model and 13 were used as an external validation set. Twenty metabolites were determined to be good indicators of geographic origin. Both LC-Orbitrap with CDA model based on 20 metabolites and FT-NIRS with PLS achieved 100% efficiency in identifying Korean and foreign samples; overall predictive rates for LC-Orbitrap (94.9%) and FT-NIRS (100%). Thus, combined use of LC-Orbitrap and FT-NIRS could be proposed to determine reliably discriminate geographic origins of pork samples.

To avoid fraudulent practices, LC-Orbitrap and FT-NIRS combined with multivariate analysis was used to distinguish between 53 Korean and foreign Boston butt samples; forty were used to establish the calibration model and 13 were used as an external validation set. Twenty metabolites were determined to be good indicators of geographic origin. Both LC-Orbitrap with CDA model based on 20 metabolites and FT-NIRS with PLS achieved 100% efficiency in identifying Korean and foreign samples; overall predictive rates for LC-Orbitrap (94.9%) and FT-NIRS (100%). Thus, combined use of LC-Orbitrap and FT-NIRS could be proposed to determine reliably discriminate geographic origins of pork samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurotransmission plays an essential role during the central nervous system (CNS) development. During the last years, several studies based on the changes produced in neurotransmitters of aquatic organisms caused by pharmaceuticals have been reported. Daphnia magna, the aquatic ecotoxicological model organism, shares several of the neurotransmitters targeted by antidepressant and other neuro-active drugs with vertebrates. Therefore, a method based on liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) has been applied for the first time to study the levels of 41 neurotransmitters in Daphnia magna under the effect of four different neuro-active pharmaceuticals (sertraline, venlafaxine, duloxetine and fluoxetine). In addition, the performance of LC-HRMS was studied in terms of linearity, sensitivity, intra- and inter-day precision, and overall robustness. The developed analytical method using LC-HRMS is a new tool for neurotoxicology research using the Daphnia magna model. As a result, general differences on the concentrations of those neurotransmitters exposed to the mentioned pharmaceuticals were observed. Image 1 • Neurotransmitters of Daphnia magna were fully characterized by LC-HRMS. • Good recoveries and excellent sensitivity was achieved for the 44 neurotransmitters. • Pharmaceuticals affected neurotransmitter system of exposed D. magna. • The analytical method developed is a new powerful tool for neurobiology and neurotoxicology. This represents the first study that evaluates the changes produced by pharmaceuticals in the neurotransmitter profiles by using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]