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Abstract Background Change is a very complex and multifaceted phenomenon that is intertwined with the understanding of nursing practice, so, resistance to change in nursing can be considered as an important challenge. Knowing the reasons for this resistance can help in solving it in nursing. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the reasons for resistance to change in nursing as an integrated review. Methods This integrative review was conducted using the Whittemore & Knafl method in 5 stages, including problem identification, searching the literature, evaluating primary sources, analyzing data, and presenting the results. Databases like SID, Irandoc, Magiran, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched using the keywords; “Resistance”, “Change”, “Nursing”, “Resistance to Change” and their Persian equivalents in the time range of 2000 to January 2023. After applying inclusion criteria and assessing the articles using Bowling’s Quality Assessment Tool, finally, 15 papers were included from 2964. Results After reviewing and critically appraisal of the qualified articles, the findings were placed in three main categories including; (1) individual factors, (2) interpersonal factors, and (3) organizational factors and six subcategories. Conclusion Undoubtedly, change is an integral component in nursing care, and resistance to it is the result of a set of individual, interpersonal and organizational factors that change managers should pay special attention to in order to make changes due to the reasons of this resistance, and the development process of developing changes in the clinical field is easily possible.

Background: Change is a very complex and multifaceted phenomenon that is intertwined with the understanding of nursing practice, so, resistance to change in nursing can be considered as an important challenge. Knowing the reasons for this resistance can help in solving it in nursing. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the reasons for resistance to change in nursing as an integrated review. Methods: This integrative review was conducted using the Whittemore & Knafl method in 5 stages, including problem identification, searching the literature, evaluating primary sources, analyzing data, and presenting the results. Databases like SID, Irandoc, Magiran, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched using the keywords; "Resistance", "Change", "Nursing", "Resistance to Change" and their Persian equivalents in the time range of 2000 to January 2023. After applying inclusion criteria and assessing the articles using Bowling's Quality Assessment Tool, finally, 15 papers were included from 2964. Results: After reviewing and critically appraisal of the qualified articles, the findings were placed in three main categories including; (1) individual factors, (2) interpersonal factors, and (3) organizational factors and six subcategories. Conclusion: Undoubtedly, change is an integral component in nursing care, and resistance to it is the result of a set of individual, interpersonal and organizational factors that change managers should pay special attention to in order to make changes due to the reasons of this resistance, and the development process of developing changes in the clinical field is easily possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Self-care is essential for stroke survivors to recover from neurological disorders caused by stroke and to prevent recurrences. Self-care behaviors are activities that individuals undertake to prevent recurrence and complications, and have a positive effect on the quality of life of patients. Telehealth is an emerging technology through which self-care intervention can be provided from a distance. Review-based research is needed to determine the value and development of telehealth-based self-care interventions for stroke survivors. Objective: Based on the middle range theory of self-care of chronic illness, to provide an effective guide when developing telehealth self-care interventions for stroke survivors by comprehensively understanding telehealth interventions to support self-care of stroke survivors. Methods: An integrative review, this study was performed in accordance with Whittemore and Knafl's stages of an integrative review (problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis, and presentation of the results). The key search terms included combinations of concepts related to stroke survivors and self-care, and telehealth. The research year of searched publications was not limited, and five electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library) were searched. Results: Four attributes were identified that represented telehealth's functions that appeared to be associated with a self-care intervention for stroke survivors. These included introducing the concept of interaction, monitoring, education, and store and forward. These self-care interventions were found to influence the behaviors of stroke survivors' self-care maintenance (physical activity and treatment adherence), self-care monitoring (blood pressure, healthy behaviors, health diet, psychological well-being, glucose control, and depression), and self-care management (sense of control, healthcare resource utilization, social integration, and support). Conclusions: The results of this study can provide a guide for developing effective telehealth self-care intervention by identifying the attributes of telehealth self-care intervention for stroke survivors.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in the development of numerous recommendations for practice and policy for specialist palliative care provided by hospices in United Kingdom (UK), as hospices were significantly affected by the pandemic and protections put in place. The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise recommendations or implications for policy and practice that have been generated for adult hospice specialist palliative care during the first 24 months of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: AMED, BNI, CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCARE, HMIC, Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed databases were searched for peer-reviewed papers, as well as hand searches for grey literature. Literature relating to hospices and Covid-19 in the UK were included and a thematic synthesis of recommendations for hospice policy and practice was undertaken. Results: 858 articles were identified with 12 meeting the inclusion criteria. Fifty-eight recommendations or implications were identified: 31 for policy, 27 for practice, and 10 covering both. Recommendations were organised under ten themes. There were several recommendations seeking to secure hospice resources to mitigate the short-term impact of the pandemic, as well as those focused on longer-term implications such as core funding. The impact of the pandemic on the quality of hospice care was the focus for numerous recommendations around improving integration of hospice care in the community, provision of bereavement support and better use of Advance Care Plans (ACP). However, there were significant gaps related to carer visitation in hospices, inequities of palliative care, or hospice-at-home services. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic and protections exposed several ongoing policy and practice needs, especially around hospice resources, while generating novel issues for hospices to address. Significant policy gaps remain to be addressed to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the quality of hospice specialist palliative care.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in the development of numerous recommendations for practice and policy for specialist palliative care provided by hospices in United Kingdom (UK), as hospices were significantly affected by the pandemic and protections put in place. The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise recommendations or implications for policy and practice that have been generated for adult hospice specialist palliative care during the first 24 months of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: AMED, BNI, CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCARE, HMIC, Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed databases were searched for peer-reviewed papers, as well as hand searchers for grey literature. Literature relating to hospices and Covid-19 in the UK were included and a thematic synthesis of recommendations for hospice policy and practice was undertaken. Results: 858 articles were identified with 12 meeting the inclusion criteria. Fifty-eight recommendations or implications were identified: 31 for policy, 27 for practice, and 10 covering both. Recommendations were organised under ten themes. There were several recommendations seeking to secure hospice resources to mitigate the short-term impact of the pandemic, as well as those focused on longer-term implications such as core funding. The impact of the pandemic on the quality of hospice care was the focus for numerous recommendations around improving integration of hospice care in the community, provision of bereavement support and better use of Advance Care Plans (ACP). However, there were significant gaps related to carer visitation in hospices, inequities of palliative care, or hospice-at-home services. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic and protections exposed several ongoing policy and practice needs, especially around hospice resources, while generating novel issues for hospices to address. Significant policy gaps remain to be addressed to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the quality of hospice specialist palliative care.

Abstract Background High incidence of treatable oral conditions has been reported among palliative patients. However, a large proportion of palliative patients lose their ability to communicate their sufferings. Therefore, it may lead to under-reporting of oral conditions among these patients. This review systematically synthesized the published evidence on the presence of oral conditions among palliative patients, the impact, management, and challenges in treating these conditions. Methods An integrative review was undertaken with defined search strategy from five databases and manual search through key journals and reference list. Studies which focused on oral conditions of palliative patients and published between years 2000 to 2017 were included. Results Xerostomia, oral candidiasis and dysphagia were the three most common oral conditions among palliative patients, followed by mucositis, orofacial pain, taste change and ulceration. We also found social and functional impact of having certain oral conditions among these patients. In terms of management, complementary therapies such as acupuncture has been used but not well explored. The lack of knowledge among healthcare providers also posed as a challenge in treating oral conditions among palliative patients. Conclusions This review is first in its kind to systematically synthesize the published evidence regarding the impact, management and challenges in managing oral conditions among palliative patients. Although there is still lack of study investigating palliative oral care among specific group of patients such as patients with dementia, geriatric or pediatric advanced cancer patients, this review has however provided baseline knowledge that may guide health care professionals in palliative settings.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify essential psychological-informed executive coaching approaches that enhance the organisational learning and development process and outcomes through integrating existing research evidence. Since coaching has been widely used in leadership development related areas and previous studies confirmed that this generates positive effects on individual-level learning in the organisational setting. The identified frameworks and influential factors outlined in this paper can serve as explicit guidelines for the organisation and management team when setting selection and evaluation benchmarks for employing executive coaches. Design/methodology/approach – An integrated review approach was applied to narratively synthesise 234 (k=234) identified peer-review articles between 1995 and 2018. This review followed a rigorous protocol that the authors consulted ten (n=10) experts in the field. Both qualitative and quantitative psychological-focused research evidence was included in this study. Findings – First, certain psychological approaches, such as cognitive behavioural, solution-focused, GROW and strength-based approaches, were highlighted in current research evidence. Second, the essential factors and skills, for instance, building trust, transparency and rapport, and facilitating learning were identified. Third, the main organisational learning and development outcome evaluation methods were outlined in this review, such as the self-efficacy scale, organisational commitment, workplace psychological well-being, 360-degree feedback and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Research limitations/implications – It is always challenging to integrate research evidence on coaching because of the diversity of theoretical disciplines upon which coaching interventions draw. Therefore, it is difficult to generate a meta-analytic review which can generate statistical results. This review also reveals room for improvement in the quality of existing coaching evidence in accordance with the criteria for evidence-based management or practice (Briner et al., 2009), such as research methodology and evaluation design. Moreover, there is a lack of evidence on this reflective process which helps professional coaches to ensure the quality of their practice and organisational support. Practical implications – This review offers a new perspective on the role psychology plays in the organisational learning and development practices. The identified coaching approaches, influential interpersonal skills and outcome evaluation methods can serve as practical guidelines when applying external coaching to facilitate a better organisational learning and development process and outcome. Originality/value – This is the first literature review to focus on contemporary psychological-informed coaching evidence (between 1995 and 2018) in the workplace setting. Despite the rapid growth in demand for professional coaching practitioners (International Coach Federation, 2016), there is a lack of research-informed evidence to overcome the challenges faced by organisations when employing external coaches, such as what selection criteria or evaluation benchmarks to use. This review takes a practical perspective to identify essential body of knowledge and behavioural indicators required for an executive coach to facilitate an effective learning and development outcome.

Background: Self-care is essential for stroke survivors to recover from neurological disorders caused by stroke and to prevent recurrences. Self-care behaviors are activities that individuals undertake to prevent recurrence and complications, and have a positive effect on the quality of life of patients. Telehealth is an emerging technology through which self-care intervention can be provided from a distance. Review-based research is needed to determine the value and development of telehealth-based self-care interventions for stroke survivors., Objective: Based on the middle range theory of self-care of chronic illness, to provide an effective guide when developing telehealth self-care interventions for stroke survivors by comprehensively understanding telehealth interventions to support self-care of stroke survivors., Methods: An integrative review, this study was performed in accordance with Whittemore and Knafl's stages of an integrative review (problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis, and presentation of the results). The key search terms included combinations of concepts related to stroke survivors and self-care, and telehealth. The research year of searched publications was not limited, and five electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library) were searched., Results: Four attributes were identified that represented telehealth's functions that appeared to be associated with a self-care intervention for stroke survivors. These included introducing the concept of interaction, monitoring, education, and store and forward. These self-care interventions were found to influence the behaviors of stroke survivors' self-care maintenance (physical activity and treatment adherence), self-care monitoring (blood pressure, healthy behaviors, health diet, psychological well-being, glucose control, and depression), and self-care management (sense of control, healthcare resource utilization, social integration, and support)., Conclusions: The results of this study can provide a guide for developing effective telehealth self-care intervention by identifying the attributes of telehealth self-care intervention for stroke survivors., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive synthesis of informal caregivers' experiences of caring for a significant other following discharge from cardiac surgery., Design: Systematic integrated review without meta-analysis., Data Sources: A bibliographic search for publications indexed in six databases (Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED and PsycINFO), including a scan of grey literature sources (GreyNet International, Google Scholar, Web of Science, WorldCat and the Clinical Trials Registry) was conducted in October 2018., Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies: Studies were included if they described views and perspectives of informal caregivers of cardiac surgery patients (non-intervention studies (qualitative and quantitative)), and the effectiveness of interventions to evaluate support programme for informal caregivers of cardiac surgery patients (intervention studies)., Results: Of the 4912 articles identified in searches, 42 primary research studies were included in a narrative synthesis with 5292 participants, including 3231 (62%) caregivers of whom 2557 (79%) were women. The median sample size across studies was 96 (range 6-734). Three major themes emerged from the qualitative study data: (1) caregiver information needs; (2) caregiver work challenges and (3) caregivers adaption to recovery. Across the observational studies (n=22), similar themes were found. The trend across seven intervention studies focused on caregiver information needs related to patient disease management and symptom monitoring, and support for caregivers to reduce symptoms of emotional distress., Conclusion: Informal caregivers want to assist in the care of their significant others after hospital discharge postcardiac surgery. However, caregivers feel insecure and overwhelmed and they lack clear/concise discharge information and follow-up support during the early at-home recovery period. The burden of caregiving has been recognised and reported since the early 1990s, but there remains a limited number of studies that assesses the effectiveness of caregiver interventions., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42018096590., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Aim: The aim of this integrative review is to determine the effectiveness of integrated heart failure (HF) care in terms of patient-, service- and resource-related outcomes, and to determine what model or characteristics of integrated care work best, for whom and in what contexts., Background: Integration of health and social care services is a significant driver in the development of better and more cost-effective health and social care systems in Europe and developed countries. As high users of health and social care services, considerable attention has been paid to the care of people with long-term conditions. HF is a progressive, prevalent and disabling condition, requiring complex management involving multiple health and social care agencies., Methods: An integrative review was conducted according to a framework by Whittemore and Knafl (2005). A literature search was undertaken using the databases: Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Library, using key words of 'heart failure' OR 'cardiac failure' AND 'integrated' OR 'multidisciplinary' OR 'interdisciplinary' OR 'multiprofessional' OR 'interprofessional' OR 'collaborative care'. Application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 17 articles being included in the review. Articles were screened and coded for methodological quality according to a two-point criteria. Data were extracted using a template and analysed thematically., Findings: Integrated HF care results in enhanced quality of life (QoL), and improved symptom control and self-management. Reduced admission rates, reduced length of hospital stay, improved prescribing practices and better care co-ordination are also reported. There is more limited evidence for improved efficiency although overall costs may be reduced. Although findings are highly context dependent, key features of integrated HF models are: liaison between primary and secondary care services to facilitate planned discharge, early and medium term follow-up, multidisciplinary patient education and team working including shared professional education, and the development and implementation of comprehensive care pathways.