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The subject of article is the satisfaction with housing among residents of European Union countries. The objective of the study is to compare the perceived satisfaction with housing among the inhabitants of these countries, and to divide the EU countries into homogeneous groups based on the aforementioned satisfaction; to assess whether the housing and social policy models implemented in the countries are coincident with the results of the grouping; and to determine whether housing deprivation is present in the resulting groups. Data comes from two sources: The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) 2016, which contains variables reflecting respondents’ subjective satisfaction with housing, and the Eurostat database, which contains information on housing deprivation. The analysis showed that five is the optimal number of clusters. In these groups, the residents’ satisfaction with housing was analysed, thus identifying the clusters of residents who are most and least satisfied with housing. Furthermore, it was shown that there is a relationship between the housing policy model implemented in a country and the clustering results, while no analogous relationship was found for social policy models. It was indicated which housing deprivation elements were most and least prevalent in the designated groups of countries. Problems affecting a significant proportion of households in the designated groups are excessive dampness, ambient noise, pollution, and crime in the area. The article contributes to the literature on quality of housing, which is one of the aspects of quality of life. It highlights the similarities among countries in terms of housing satisfaction and explores potential factors influencing these similarities., Przedmiotem artykułu jest poziom satysfakcji z miejsca zamieszkania wśród mieszkańców państw Unii Europejskiej. Celem badania jest porównanie odczuwanego przez mieszkańców tych państw zadowolenia związanego z ich miejscem zamieszkania, podzielenie państw UE na jednorodne grupy ze względu na wcześniej wspomnianą satysfakcję, jak również ocena, czy modele polityki mieszkaniowej i społecznej realizowane w danych państwach są zbieżne z wynikami grupowania, oraz określenie, czy w powstałych grupach występuje zjawisko deprywacji mieszkaniowej. Dane zaczerpnięto z dwóch źródeł: Europejskiego Badania Jakości Życia (EQLS) 2016, które zawiera m.in. zmienne odzwierciedlające subiektywne poczucie satysfakcji z miejsca zamieszkania respondentów, oraz bazy danych Eurostat, zawierającej m.in. informacje na temat deprywacji mieszkaniowej. Analiza pokazała, że optymalnym rozwiązaniem jest podział państw na pięć grup. W powstałych grupach przeanalizowano, w jakim stopniu mieszkańcy odczuwają satysfakcję z miejsca zamieszkania, dzięki temu wskazano zbiory mieszkańców najbardziej oraz najmniej zadowolonych z miejsca swojego zamieszkania. Ponadto wykazano, że istnieje zauważalny związek między modelem polityki mieszkaniowej stosowanym w danym państwie a wynikami grupowania, natomiast w przypadku modeli polityki społecznej nie zauważono analogicznych powiązań. Dodatkowo wskazano, które elementy deprywacji mieszkaniowej występowały najczęściej, a które najrzadziej w wyznaczonych grupach państw. Problemami, które dotykają znaczną część gospodarstw domowych we wszystkich wyznaczonych grupach, są nadmierna wilgotność, hałas z ulicy lub od sąsiadów, zanieczyszczenie oraz przestępczość w okolicy miejsca zamieszkania. Artykuł wnosi wkład do literatury na temat jakości zamieszkania, która jest jednym z istotnych aspektów jakości życia. Pokazuje, które państwa są podobne ze względu na odczuwaną przez mieszkańców satysfakcję z miejsca zamieszkania oraz od czego to podobieństwo może zależeć.

This study investigates housing conditions of single mothers in the context of housing policies. We study single mothers’ probability to experience housing deprivation, overcrowded housing, overburdening costs of housing, and neighbourhood problems across European countries. We consider the structural consequences of home ownership rates, and policies related to regulation of rental markets, housing benefits and housing prices. We apply a multi-level framework to EU-SILC data on 21,937 single mothers, from 195 country-years and covering 21 European countries from 2008 to 2017. First, we find a trade-off in the provision of free housing or housing at reduced rents, that helps to reduce housing cost overburden for single mothers, but is also associated with higher rates of housing deprivation, overcrowding and neighbourhood problems. Next, in contexts with stricter rental market regulation, single mothers’ housing deprivation is lower. Higher housing benefits reduce the risk of housing deprivation as well as overcrowding, but in contexts where home ownership is common, single mothers tend to experience more overcrowding. Single mothers are more likely to report neighbourhood problems in societies where housing prices are high. Our findings suggest that factors within the control of policy makers can be beneficial to the housing conditions of single mothers.

Housing is a basic human need; however, in recent decades slums have become the face of urbanization in developing economies. Urbanization drives economic growth, playing an important role in providing adequate housing and reducing poverty. In this paper, we investigate the association between housing deprivation and the urban size at a regional level for South Asian countries in the year 2015. We use two main sources of data. The first is the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), which provide microdata that allows us to build housing deprivation indexes based on the material characteristics of households and housing assets. The second source is satellite imagery, used to define urban cores and measure the urban size of each region. Then, we use a two-step procedure to identify the relationship between the urban size and housing deprivation. Our results indicate that age and higher levels of education (of the head of household) are negatively associated with our housing deprivation indexes in South Asian households. Furthermore, a greater number of children in South Asian households is related to higher levels of housing deprivation. In the second step, we show that there is a significant negative association between material housing deprivation and the urban size at a regional level for our full sample and for the majority of countries taken individually. An important exception is India, where an inverted-U-shaped relationship between deprivation and urban size is found. This result is robust even when an IV approach is used.

Кoristeći rezultate Ankete o prihodima i uslovima života (The Survey on Income and Living Conditions – SILC) u radu su analizirani pokazatelji koji se tiču uslova stanovanja i stambene deprivacije u Srbiji, u periodu od 2013. do 2017. godine, na osnovu kojih su uočeni i prikazani neki trendovi o stanovanju u državi. Anketa se sprovodi na godišnjem nivou, po jedinstvenoj metodologiji Zavoda za statistiku Evropske unije – Evrostat. U Srbiji anketu izvodi Republički zavod za statistiku od 2013. godine.

An important question that has caused much academic debate is how to best organise the welfare state system to combat poverty and social exclusion. Much such research is focused on how to combat income poverty through core areas in the welfare state. This dissertation widens the perspective to include housing as a part of the welfare state and it represents an attempt to study poverty outcomes beyond income measures. In doing this, the dissertation uses power resource theory to understand welfare state change and the design of institutions in terms of housing tenures, and shows how this design might affect individual outcomes. Thus, the overall aim of this dissertation is to gain knowledge of the principles that underpin the design and organisation of the housing market in terms of tenure types and to understand the ways in which this design might affect the well-being of individuals and the society as a whole. The dissertation consists of an introductory essay and four papers. The introductory essay presents my theoretical approach and methodology. It also summarises the papers and discusses my main findings. Paper I analyses the extent to which the organisation of the rental sector may explain cross-national differences in the prevalence of housing deprivation. Using a multilevel framework on survey data covering 26 European countries, I find that a large and integrated rental sector significantly reduces the prevalence of housing deprivation across EU countries. The organisation of the rental sector appears to be crucial when it comes to reducing poverty and social exclusion in terms of housing insufficiencies. Paper II continues the quest to find explanations of the variations in the prevalence of housing deprivation in Europe. Our results develop the findings of Paper I. We find that a high proportion of outright owners is positively associated with housing deprivation. This is suggested to reflect the historical and political processes that affect the housing, At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the link between housing tenure typesand housing deprivation in 26 European countries. Empirical analyses are based onEuropean Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions 2007, enabling comparisons ofdeprivation across a large set of countries. A multilevel framework is employed. It is hypothesizedthat the organization of the rental sector inherently produces different housing marketdynamics, which is likely to affect housing deprivation rates. An integrated rental sector coveringbroader parts of the population is expected to reduce the risk of housing deprivation.Housing deprivation is measured in terms of experiencing overcrowding and while also sufferingany of the following accommodation problems: a leaking roof; no bath/shower; no indoortoilet; or a dwelling considered too dark. The findings indicate a negative association betweenthe size of the rental sector and the prevalence of housing deprivation. The organization of therental sector appears crucial and only an integrated rental sector encompassing broader partsof the population significantly reduces the prevalence of housing deprivation and its components.This association is robust in terms of confounding factors at the individual-level andcentral country-level contextual variables.

The challenge of housing delivery in many developing nations is exacerbated by the predominance of deprived settlements, according to recent publications of the United Nations Settlement Programme (UN-Habitat). In Nigeria, 30% of its urban population is currently living in Lagos megacity. The Lagos megacity region plays host to more than 200 officially recognized slum settlements. Going by the United Nations’ adopted definition, these settlements harbour households that suffer from lack of access to one or more housing deprivation measures such as durable housing, improved water, improved sanitation, sufficient living space and security of tenure. Nine major slum communities in this fast-growing megacity are presently benefiting from a massive World Bank assisted seven-year upgrading exercise that commenced in 2006. However, there is perplexity because emphasis is ostensibly on infrastructure, particularly roads. There is apparent neglect of the housing durability element. This paper argues that the approach adopted in this exercise is not exhaustive, and could in fact, portend danger for the future. The study discusses how the durability component of housing deprivation can be addressed through actions and policies that encourage ingenuous use of indigenous building materials.