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Objective. The objective of the study is to create an intelligent system for monitoring the condition of equipment and managing the operating modes of a gas distribution station (GDS) based on a logical-linguistic (fuzzy) model for making assessment and management decisions. Method. The theory of fuzzy sets and algorithms of L. Zade was used, which allows the use of qualitative concepts and allows the creation of logical-linguistic models of the controlled process on their basis. Result. The article provides a rationale for using an intelligent system for assessing the state of equipment and managing a gas distribution station (GDS) based on a logical-linguistic (fuzzy) model for representing the knowledge base for making assessment and management decisions. This approach provides developers of control systems for complex processes and/or objects with a clear and effective way to describe their dynamics. Conclusion. An intelligent system for assessing equipment conditions and managing the operating modes of the gas distribution station, in which the knowledge base is presented in the form of a logicallinguistic (fuzzy) model, allows for solutions to the specified problem based on the knowledge of an experienced expert (dispatcher), which will improve the quality of service and reduce the operating costs of the gas distribution station

At gas distribution stations (GDSs), the process of throttling (pressure reduction) of natural gas occurs on gas pressure regulators without generating useful energy. If the gas expansion process is created in a turbine, to the shaft where an electric generator is connected, then electricity can be obtained. At the same time, the recycling of secondary energy resources is provided, which is an important component in the efficient use of natural resources. The obtained electric power can be supplied to the external power grid and/or used for the GDS's own needs. The process of generating electricity at the GDS from gas overpressure energy is an environmentally friendly, energy-saving technology that ensures an uninterrupted, autonomous operation of the GDS in the absence of an external energy supply. The power needs of a GDS with regard to electricity are relatively small (5 ÷ 20 kW). Expansion in throttling devices or turbine flow paths leads to gas cooling with a possible hydrate formation. It is prevented via gas preheating or vortex expansion equipment that keeps the further gas temperature at a necessary level. Turbogenerators can be created on the basis of vortex expansion turbomachines, which have many advantages compared to turbomachines of other types. This article studies how gas pressure (outlet: gas distribution station) and gas preheating (inlet: vortex expansion machine) influence turbogenerator parameters. Nine turbogenerator variants for the power needs of gas distribution stations have been assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses one of the ways to increase the economic efficiency of the Gazprom Transgaz Kazan Limited Liability Company (Gazprom Transgaz Kazan LLC) in the operation of gas heaters at a gas distribution station by replacing the gas heating unit. The advantages of the equipment «ISTOK-60» over PTPG-30 are described, the calculation of the economic effect from the introduction of new equipment is given. The object of the study is the process of operating gas heaters at the gas distribution station of OOO Gazprom Transgaz Kazan, the subject is a method for increasing the economic efficiency of gas heaters. As a result of the study, the expediency of replacing old equipment with new one is proved and the economic effect is calculated. The article also raises questions about the possibility of using the concept of «Lean production» in the process of gas distribution. One of the methods of lean manufacturing — SMED is proposed as the main one.

Nowadays the production of liquefied natural gas including low-tonnage production is one of the most promising areas of modern energy. The development of measures to improve the quali-ty of a liquefied product and the efficiency of its production processes is an urgent scientific problem of great practical importance. The aim of the study is to develop an effective techno-logical scheme, which allows improving the quality of liquefied natural gas produced at auto-mobile gas filling compressor stations. The goal was achieved by performing an analysis of the effectiveness of the natural gas components low-temperature separation process at a gas distri-bution station before its liquefaction at the compressed natural gas filling station in order to ob-tain a product with a reduced content of heavy hydrocarbons, as well as through a practical study of the process of low-temperature separation of hydrocarbons at an operating liquefaction facility natural gas. According to these characteristics and conducted experimental studies, the effectiveness of the scheme for obtaining a propane-butane product in the process of liquefying natural gas has been confirmed. An important result is also a new substance obtained during the experiments, which has the properties of degreasing. The significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their use in the design of subsequent facilities for the reduction and lique-faction of natural gas with a line for the production of propane-butane and the investigated de-greasing agent.

The global energy crisis, rising energy demand and climate warming make it imperative to find ways to recover energy that is not being put to beneficial use, to reduce primary and final energy consumption, and to reduce emissions. An important part of Lithuania’s energy sector is the natural gas sector and its transmission network, including the gas distribution stations (GDS). It is the GDS that has an unexploited potential for energy recovery, as the gas pressure is reduced through the use of gas pressure regulators, where the potential energy in the highpressure gas is not utilized in a useful way, and the necessary heating of natural gas is carried out through the use of natural gas boilers, with additional environmental pollution. The aim of the study is to analyse the gas distribution station, to find the areas of the station where potential energy is not being used and the environment is being polluted, and to propose reasonable solutions. Following a literature review, alternative technical solutions are selected: turbine-expander, conversion of the gas preheating system from gas boilers to a geothermal heat pump, use of solar collectors, photovoltaic solar cells. In order to assess the potential of technological solutions to improve the efficiency of the DSS and reduce emissions, a multi-criteria analysis of the proposed solutions is carried out, where the measures under evaluation are analysed in energy, economic and environmental terms. The energy assessment analyses the energy consumption, the economic assessment calculates the net present value (NPV) of the investment for each solution and the environmental assessment examines the environmental impact of the proposed measures over their life cycle. Based on the results of the multicriteria analysis, the systems best suited to the object of study (GDS) are recommended. Article in Lithuanian. Gamtinių dujų magistralinio dujotiekio skirstymo stoties energijos efektyvumo didinimo bei išmetamųjų teršalų mažinimo būdų tyrimas Santrauka Pasaulinė energetikos krizė, didėjantis energijos poreikis bei klimato atšilimas įpareigoja ieškoti būdų, kaip atgauti naudingai nepanaudojamą energiją, sumažinti pirminės ir galutinės energijos suvartojimą bei sumažinti išmetamųjų teršalų kiekį. Svarbi Lietuvos energetikos sektoriaus dalis yra gamtinių dujų sektorius ir jo perdavimo tinklas, įskaitant ir dujų skirstymo stotis (DSS). DSS yra neišnaudojamas energijos atgavimo galimybių potencialas, nes dujų slėgis yra mažinamas naudojant dujų slėgio reguliatorius, kai potenciali energija, esanti aukšto slėgio dujose, nėra naudingai panaudojama, o būtinas gamtinių dujų pašildymas vykdomas panaudojant gamtinių dujų katilus, kurie papildomai teršia aplinką. Remiantis atlikta literatūros apžvalga, yra pasirenkami alternatyvūs technologiniai sprendiniai: turbina-ekspanderis, dujų pašildymo sistemos keitimas iš dujinių katilų į geoterminį šilumos siurblį, saulės kolektorių, fotovoltinių saulės elementų panaudojimas. Siekiant įvertinti DSS efektyvumo didinimo bei išmetamųjų teršalų mažinimo technologinių sprendinių potencialą, yra atliekama pasiūlytų sprendinių daugiakriterė analizė, kai vertinamos priemonės yra analizuojamos energiniu, ekonominiu ir aplinkosauginiu būdais. Energinio vertinimo metu yra atliekama energijos suvartojimo analizė, ekonominio vertinimo metu kiekvienam sprendimui skaičiuojama investicijų grynoji dabartinė vertė (GDV), o aplinkosauginio vertinimo metu tiriamas pasiūlytų priemonių poveikis aplinkai per savo gyvavimo ciklą. Pagal daugiakriterės analizės metu gautus rezultatus yra rekomenduojamos geriausiai tiriamajam objektui – DSS tinkamos sistemos. Reikšminiai žodžiai: daugiakriterė analizė, dujų skirstymo stotis, dujų slėgio reguliatorius, fotovoltiniai saulės elementai, gamtinės dujos, perdavimo tinklas, saulės kolektoriai, šilumos siurblys, turbina-ekspanderis.

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The use of information and measurement systems in the oil and gas industry helps to improve the commercial gas consumption metering supplied to consumers in order to ensure mutual settlements with consumers. Gas distribution stations (GDS) are one of the main objects of main gas pipelines. Gas distribution stations are designed to perform the following operations: receiving gas from the main gas pipeline; gas purification from mechanical impurities; decrease in pressure to a predetermined value; automatic maintenance of pressure at a given level; distribution of gas to consumers; measuring the amount of gas. In addition, secondary odorization of gas is carried out at the gas distribution station. Regardless of the throughput, the number of consumers, the inlet and outlet pressure, the nature of the load change (gas consumption), the process flow diagram of the gas distribution station consists of the following main units: the connection diagram of the gas distribution station to the gas pipelines, gas purification, pressure regulation, gas flow measurement and instrumentation devices (instrumentation), gas odorization. The unit for measuring the flow rate and amount of natural gas (hereinafter referred to as the gas metering unit) is designed to measure, record the measurement results and calculate the volume of gas reduced to standard conditions, as well as, if necessary, determine its quality indicators, including component composition, density, humidity, specific heat of combustion. Various types of flow meters were analyzed and an ultrasonic flow meter was selected.

Maintaining the gas temperature and the formation of gas hydrates is one of the main problems in the operation of gas pipelines. Development and implementation of new effective methods for heating the gas during gas reduction will reduce the cost of gas transportation, solve the problem of resource and energy saving in the fuel industry. Study is aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of the natural gas reduction process by using a resonant gas heater to maintain the set temperature at the outlet of the gas distribution station (GDS) and prevent possible hydrate formation and icing of the station equipment. Paper considers the implementation of fireless heating of natural gas and fuel gas savings of heaters due to the introduction of a thermoacoustic reducer, operating on the basis of the Hartmann – Sprenger resonance effect, into the scheme of the reduction unit. By analyzing the existing methods of energy separation and numerical modeling, the effectiveness of the resonant-type energy separation device is substantiated. Modification of the reduction unit by introducing energy separating devices into it will allow general or partial heating of natural gas by its own pressure energy. Developed technology will allow partial (in the future, complete) replacement of heat energy generation at a gas distribution station by burning natural gas.

In this paper the method of reducing production and technological losses of natural gas in engineering systems of gas supply is considered. The reduction of the production and technological losses occurs at the gas distribution station when the natural gas heater is replaced by the vortex pipe. The heating of natural gas at the gas distribution stations is carried out to eliminate the icing of the gas pressure regulators during the throttling process. The main factors that influence the heating degree of gas in the vortex tube are determined. A study was conducted to determine the optimal dimensions of the vortex tube. It has been established that the presence of a vortex tube at gas distribution stations with a throughput of up to 2500 m3/hour can reduce the production and technological losses of natural gas in engineering systems of gas supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the generally recognized dilemma of using secondary energy resources in the transportation and distribution of natural gas. At stations where throttle devices are used, excessive gas pressure as the main component of secondary energy resources for technological processes is practically not used. Currently, the replacement of throttle devices with turbo-expander units is determined by energy and economic efficiency. This is due to the fact that the use of excess gas pressure in the turbo expander both at gas distribution stations and at compressor stations of gas pipelines without preheating has not yet been widely used. Expander-generator technology is probably one of the most effective technologies for reducing the consumption of fuel and energy resources. The combination of expander-generator units with heat pump units contributes to the creation of highly efficient power generating complexes that can generate electricity without burning fuel. Expansion of high-pressure natural gas at gas distribution stations is one of the technologies for generating electricity without combustion. To determine the share of electric energy supplied to the electric network based on the expander-generator set in the gas supply system, an analytical dependence was determined. Based on this, an arithmetic model of the installation with single-stage expander-generator units and steam-compression heat pump units is proposed. All data will be presented in detail in this article.

Technical focus of the research is a discrete throttle valve (DTV) and gas pipeline. An extensive research of vibration and acoustic characteristics of the main pipeline of a gas distribution station was carried out. The acoustic noise power level radiated by the main gas pipeline and it's comparison with the strength criterion were made. The levels of vibration acceleration in different parts of the main gas pipeline were measured. On the basis of experimental data the possible causes of the acoustic-induced vibration are described, and measures for reducing vibration loading of a gas pipeline were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]