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The aim of this paper is the study of Claudia Saturnina and her family. A funeral inscription offers much information about this woman and her mother, her stepfather, her contubernalis and her verna. Furthermore, she was presented in the epitaph as the mamma of one of his freedmen. Who was she? What were her origins? What role did she have in her family? What did the term mamma mean in this context? Such questions will be answered on this article.

In this contribution I will focus on some observations on the typology of these categories of epigraphs, with emphasis on regional particularities and chronological landmarks. In the second part of the study, however, I will highlight the situations encountered in Boeotia at Chaironeia, in Asia Minor, particularly in connection with the sanctuary of Helios Apollo Lairbenos, and in Macedonia, at Leukopetra, where the dedications are addressed to the AutochthonousMother of the Gods. It is therefore necessary to make a few clarifications concerning the typology of these inscriptions, their formal aspect, the terms used to define the act of dedication or consecration, the particularities generated by the types of conditions that had to be satisfied, and the ways of dating the existing epigraphicmaterial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In comparison with other areas of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, the area of middle Podrinje had the highest population in Roman Ages. That led to the creation of different social strata. By analyzing the epigraphic and archaeological material, we try to answer the following questions: how did the Roman society look like and what was the social status of some social categories; in what position was the indigenous population compared to immigrants; what marks were left behind by the merchants, craftsmen,miners, and slaves?

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Copyright of Revista de Historía da Sociedade e da Cultura is the property of Revista de Historia da Sociedade e da Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Historía da Sociedade e da Cultura is the property of Revista de Historia da Sociedade e da Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses the miniature objects reproducing pottery, household utensils and furniture objects discovered in the tomb of Iulia Graphis in Brescello (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). They are compared with similar groups found on the Italian territory, such as the Larario Puerile from Pesaro, the crepundia Terracina. Other groups of miniature objects in more uncertain contexts of discovery are examined. Over the years, the subject has been tackled by various researchers who have identified them as objects that related to the playful sphere of Roman children in the 2nd century CE and in particular to the game of dînette. This paper revises the initial hypotheses and opens up further avenues of investigation about the function of these objects and the social and gendered status of their owners.

This article proposes a new reading of a late first-century c.e. inscribed dedication from Todi (Umbria) as an accusation of witchcraft, a rhetorical text aimed at propagating a particular story among the local community. Historical and anthropological studies of witchcraft accusations in other societies have emphasised how they can reveal tensions and anxieties that are normally not visible to the observer. By drawing on these studies and close examination of the language and content of the inscription, this article analyses an historical agent's experience of the social structure of early imperial Italy. The accusation is read as a freedman's response to his ambiguous position in a slave society, the ambivalent power of writing in Roman culture and the religious claims of Flavian imperial discourse.

Copyright of Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1993-1999, a joint expedition of Kharkiv State University and the Tauric Chersonesos National Preserve carried out a study of the “barracks” — an extensive architectural and archaeological complex within the boundaries of the Chersonesos city-site. This group of buildings and other structures with a total area of over 500 square meters is located near a 4th-century BC city gate and the sixteenth curtain wall. In the first centuries AD, a large economic and residential complex arose and functioned here. The area of the “Barracks Center” and Room 38 accommodated an atrium. Production facilities were located in the northern and eastern part of the “barracks” on the site of medieval rooms. In Roman times, two cisterns were cut into the rock on the site of Rooms 35 and 36, and a press platform with a large lever stone was constructed. Thus, the structural remains, stratigraphic features, and artifacts found in the area of Rooms 35 and 36 all indicate that a fairly powerful winery operated in the northern part of the “barracks” during the 1st to 3rd centuries. The filling of the winery cisterns yielded a rich collection of red-lacquered pottery of the 1st to 3rd centuries, which is extremely rarely found in such amounts in the complexes of Chersonesos. The finds illustrate the great diversity of ceramic wares used in Chersonesos. Imported vessels predominate. Fragments of an oinophore from the city of Knidus in Asia Minor, for example, are of considerable interest. Most similar oinophores from the Eastern Mediterranean date to the 2nd century AD, as do most of the ceramic imports from Knidus to the Northern Black Sea coast. Epigraphic and anepigraphic stamps on red slip plates represent a special subset of finds. In Roman times, the estate included a home sanctuary. This is evidenced by the finds of a fluted limestone column, a damaged female sculpture, fragments of a frieze-free entablature, and copious remnants of polychrome plaster. Rare finds include a ring with a gem of Athena and an elegant miniature pendant made of Egyptian faience, which depicts Cybele or Isis on a throne. Excavations of the “barracks” show that in the first centuries AD there was a significant change in the functional purpose of the port area of Chersonesos. Numerous immigrants from the Balkan and Anatolian provinces of the Roman Empire appeared among the city’s inhabitants. The changes in the social and ethnic makeup of the local population should be connected with the prolonged presence of a Roman garrison in the city citadel.

Up to now, about 140 funerary inscriptions were known from the territory of Neoklaudiopolis/Vezirköprü. In this contribution, 14 more are presented, one of which, however, may be attributed to Amaseia/Amasya (no. 4). They were recorded between 1988 and 1990 by Eckart Olshausen and Gerhard Kahl. All of them date back to the Roman Imperial period. One of the stelae stands out for its unusually high-quality stone carving (no. 8); it was erected by a veteran for his wife. Three other stelae are either composed in a way unusual for Neoklaudiopolis or contain decorative elements, which, until now, are not attested for grave stelae from the territory of this polis: at nos. 1 and 2 a depictive field was inserted between the pediment and the inscription field being separated from the latter by a moulding, at no. 4 a garland is placed above the inscription. Two of the inscriptions use metric language (nos. 4 and 9). Some of them contain rarely attested personal names (nos. 1, 2, 7, 9, 12 and 14). Age information is found in at least two (nos. 10 and 11, possibly also in no. 12). No. 2 and no. 13 are particularly interesting in terms of content. No. 2 mirrors the fate of a man and his mother. In no. 13, the donor of the stele explicitly refers to his deceased wife as his relative – for whatever reason. Finally, in the light of inscriptions nos. 13 and 14, we discuss an inscription published by Christian Marek in an appendix.

The main theme of this article is to reflect on the different possibilities of social mobility of freed individuals at the height of the slave system in south-eastern Brazil. To this end, three trajectories of individuals and their family groups were chosen to be monitored, having in common the fact that their lives were led in rural areas. The mobilization of resources such as access to land and slave ownership as well as family agency operated the main factors of social distinction and consequently access to vertical mobility.

This paper aims at examining the way Constance Fenimore Woolson tackled the controversial issue of rebuilding the nation and redefining American citizenship after the Civil War in Rodman the Keeper: Southern Sketches, a collection of short stories released in 1880. The narratives explore the tensions between white Northerners, white Southerners, newly released African American slaves, and the Minorcans of Florida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on African Americans, freedmen, and ex-slaves being considered contraband under the Confiscation Act. Topics include contraband camps becoming the foundation for postwar segregated neighborhoods; and exploding with snipers dividing the streets, vapor trails dividing the sky, words collapsing like bombed building.

The article explores the life of formerly enslaved African American dressmaker Elizabeth Keckley. Topics discussed include her significant association with former U.S. First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln, the controversies surrounding her 1868 memoir "Behind the Scenes: Or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House," and the relationship between Black and White women in the Southern U.S. during the 19th century.

An understanding of the history of slavery is central to the analysis of discrimination against black people in Tunisia. Black community in North Africa is connected to the slave trade. Even though slavery was abolished in Tunisia since 1846, black Tunisians still face discrimination related to their ancestors. This is reflected in the everyday use of words such as abd or wşīf [slave], ka'lūš [a pejorative term for "black"] and šūšān [which translates to "liberated slave"] which are widely used to identify a black person. As we will see, in Tunisian Arabic language blackness as a physical characteristic often hints at an alleged slavery past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie II, Historia Antigua is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The paper aims to analyze some aspects of the experiential reality had by the freedmen (libertos) in 18th. Century Piura. It focuses on the economic and social activities developed by the African marriage of Juan de Sojo and María Mercedes de Céspedes working as tanners in the casa-tina, an important city industry. It was found that with this work the freedmen couple earned an amount with which they could bought their and their children freedom. This African marriage were also able to carry out another common economic practices like buying a property, negotiating slaves and making transactions with the city neighbors. They also had the opportunity to left demands to save their souls at the last moment. In summary: these freedmen marriage were main characters of their own destiny at a moment where slavery was passing its peak period in the economic system development of colonial Piura. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Resumen El presente artículo busca profundizar el conocimiento sobre el proceso de abolición de la esclavitud en la Argentina y su carácter gradual. Para ello aborda las disputas judiciales y las consecuencias sociales que generaron dos leyes que abrieron este proceso en la región rioplatense, la ley “declarando libres a los hijos de las esclavas” -establecida en febrero de 1813 y conocida como ley de vientre libre- y el posterior “Reglamento para la educación y ejercicio de los libertos”. El artículo persigue dos objetivos centrales. Por un lado, dar cuenta de la fragilidad de la libertad de esos niños y jóvenes emancipados y mostrar que la ambigüedad de su condición no fue casual, sino que se enraizó en la tradición del patronato de libertos y se tradujo en derechos negados, en incertidumbres sobre las potestades de los patrones e incluso en la posible reversibilidad del status liberi. Por otro lado, el trabajo rastrea las estrategias que desplegaron niños y jóvenes libertos (y sus seres queridos) para hacer efectivos los nuevos derechos sancionados, dando cuenta así del carácter de conquista que ellos tuvieron y no de gracia otorgada por élites compasivas o liberales. El estudio muestra finalmente que los perfiles y el alcance de la libertad fueron definidos en los tribunales, en las casas y en la calle, de modo casuístico y sobre la base de una intensa negociación y de luchas cotidianas.

Copyright of Anos 90 is the property of Anos 90 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the author's views about the creation of the U.S. Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment and the impact of the amendment on the founding principles of constitutional federalism in the country. The 39th U.S. Congress in 1865 is addressed, along with the post-American Civil War era, former slaves in the nation, and the views of the late U.S. President James Madison. The attitudes of Radical Republicans and Democrats are assessed.

Copyright of Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche is the property of Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper gives a detailed analysis of every source related to ius liberorum in the whole Roman Empire (be it literary, legal, epigraphic or papyrological). After a brief reminder of the conditions in which the ius liberorum appeared and of the rights it entitled to, the epigraphic sources are widely discussed. They suggest that the majority of the beneficiaries in the pars occidentalis were freed slaves, especially women, while women were indeed the only ones to claim the benefit of this right in the Greek-speaking part of the Empire. Ultimately, the author considers debates between supporters of an automatic right (once reached a sufficient number of children) on the one hand, and on the other hand, proponents of an imperial grant, whose hypothesis is mainly based on literary evidence. The attention is thus drawn to the way that ius liberorum is expressed (with or without an indication of the number of children) and to its possible meanings.

Through analysis of the Liberation Army’ bands of freedmen, this paper seeks to visualize the wide and varied participation of blacks, both enslaved and free sectors, during the Wars of Independence and at the same time to investigate their contribution in the gestation of a transnational republican rhetoric. Music, musicians and the corresponding bands, are a privileged window to examine what kind of possibilities war and revolution gave to the African descendent sectors to function in the republican public spheres as active political subjects. At the same time, the paper explores their contribution, either as authors and performers of patriotic music in the formation, consolidation and circulation of discourses and representations linked to the search for a new collective identity.

Copyright of Gerion: Revista de Historia Antigua is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerion: Revista de Historia Antigua is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Metaphors move—and displace—people. This paper starts from this premise, focusing on how elites have deployed metaphors of water and waste to form a rhetorical consensus around the displacement of non-elite citizens in ancient Roman contexts, with reference to similar discourses in the contemporary Global North and Brazil. The notion of ‘domestic displacement’—the forced movement of citizens within their own sovereign territory—elucidates how these metaphors were used by elite citizens, such as Cicero, to mark out non-elite citizens for removal from the city of Rome through colonisation programmes. In the elite discourse of the late Republican and early Augustan periods, physical proximity to and figurative equation with the refuse of the city repeatedly signals the low social and legal status of potential colonists, while a corresponding metaphor of ‘draining’ expresses the elite desire to displace these groups to colonial sites. The material outcome of these metaphors emerges in the non-elite demographic texture of Julius Caesar’s colonists, many of whom were drawn from the plebs urbana and freedmen. An elite rationale, detectable in the writings of Cicero, Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and others, underpins the notion of Roman colonisation as a mechanism of displacement. On this view, the colony served to alleviate the founding city—Rome—of its surplus population, politically volatile elements, and socially marginalised citizens, and in so doing, populate the margins of its empire too. Romulus’ asylum, read anew as an Alban colony, serves as one prototype for this model of colonisation and offers a contrast to recent readings that have deployed the asylum as an ethical example for contemporary immigration and asylum seeker policy. The invocation of Romulus’ asylum in 19th century debates about the Australian penal colonies further illustrates the dangers of appropriating the asylum towards an ethics of virtue. At its core, this paper drills down into the question of Roman colonists’ volition, considering the evidence for their voluntary and involuntary movement to a colonial site and challenging the current understanding of this movement as a straightforward, series of voluntary ‘mass migrations’. In recognising the agency wielded by non-elite citizens as prospective colonists, this paper contends that Roman colonisation, when understood as a form of domestic displacement, opens up another avenue for coming to grips with the dynamics of ‘popular’ politics in the Republican period.

The Education and exercise of the freedmen Act of 1813 was drafted by the Constituent Assembly immediately after having sanctioned the Decree “declaring free the children of slaves". This is a fundamental piece to understand the gradual nature of the abolition of slavery and citizen inclusion of African descendants in the Rio de la Plata. The twenty-two articles show that the attainment of freedom for the children of enslaved women was not immediate or full as they were put on a special minority regime that left them subject to the masters of their mothers and police special inspections.