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Oceanic lithosphere varies considerably around the globe, with different geodynamic settings that contribute to various models of seismotectonic activity over the tectonic plate boundaries. Lithospheric age, temperature, and thickness are three fundamental features to understand the geodynamic behavior. However, the model in which they influence the seismic wave propagation is poorly understood over different oceanic areas. Here, we analyze the behavior of seismic velocities and lithospheric thickness from measurements of uppermost mantle-Moho Pn velocities and thermal structure modeling over the Mendocino fracture zone (MFZ), eastern Pacific ocean. We use data obtained by 21 ocean-bottom instruments deployed across the MFZ in October-December of 2017. We present results obtained from 19 regional earthquakes of global catalogs with magnitudes $\geq$2.5, with their epicenters raging from 311 to 588 km away. We obtained 205 Pn ray paths with Pn velocities ranging from 8.01$\pm$0.1 to 8.48$\pm$0.2 km/s. The results presented correlations between the increase in Pn velocities with the lithosphere aging and the velocity decrease in parallel to the increase of temperatures. Also, the highest velocities are directed near parallel to the fracture zone and perpendicular to the ridge axis. The lithospheric thermal model show that the down limitation bounding with the asthenosphere is placed at $\sim$29-74 km depth comparing the young (8 Ma) and older (33 Ma) sides of the fracture zone. Therefore, our results demonstrate the MFZ particular area is fundamental to the understanding of seismic wave propagation over the uppermost mantle-Moho zone and the lithosphere thickness dependence over geodynamic features.

O uso de informação contendo inverdades ou fatos deturpados, sobretudo, veiculação de notícias falsas ou “fake news”, é um fenômeno que tende a ocasionar ônus diversos a micro ou macro cenários. O presente artigo possui caráter descritivo analítico e busca debater as fake news nas eleições e sua relação ao Direito de Personalidade e de Responsabilidade, à luz da jurisprudência brasileira sobre uso de desinformação e fake news. O estudo se desenvolve a partir da análise dos conceitos do termo Fake News, e sua relação com a desinformação e a evolução da pós-verdade relacionando a tríade ao processo eleitoral, e os impactos que a fake news - desinformação pós-verdade. A seguir, o texto se debruça na análise do Direito à Personalidade e da Dignidade da Pessoa Humana, que são inerentes ao indivíduo e como esses direitos são afetados pelos processos de enfatização das fake news, dentro das perspectivas dos direitos individuais e coletivos ora fundamentados na Constituição. Por fim, o estudo aborda as questões referentes à responsabilidade civil e criminal do indivíduo que efetiva a ação de fabricação ou difusão das fake News, desinformação e promoção do fenômeno da pós-verdade, bem como os impactos causados por tais ações. A luz do que foi trazido no presente podemos então concluir que a proteção aos direitos à personalidade é resguardado em todas as esferas do direito. O uso indiscriminado de desinformação e fake news no processo eleitoral brasileiro, tende a impactar negativamente a ordem democrática, logo os direitos de personalidade, e, portanto, as ações de combate e educação devem ser imputadas e concretas no cotidiano da população, à luz da Constituição, com base na legislação infraconstitucional, na doutrina e na jurisprudência brasileira.

International audience; Memory B-cell and antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein contribute to long-term immune protection against severe COVID-19, which can also be prevented by antibody-based interventions. Here, wide SARS-CoV-2 immunoprofiling in Wuhan COVID-19 convalescents combining serological, cellular, and monoclonal antibody explorations revealed humoral immunity coordination. Detailed characterization of a hundred SARS-CoV-2 spike memory B-cell monoclonal antibodies uncovered diversity in their repertoire and antiviral functions. The latter were influenced by the targeted spike region with strong Fc-dependent effectors to the S2 subunit and potent neutralizers to the receptor-binding domain. Amongst those, Cv2.1169 and Cv2.3194 antibodies cross-neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Cv2.1169, isolated from a mucosa-derived IgA memory B cell demonstrated potency boost as IgA dimers and therapeutic efficacy as IgG antibodies in animal models. Structural data provided mechanistic clues to Cv2.1169 potency and breadth. Thus, potent broadly neutralizing IgA antibodies elicited in mucosal tissues can stem SARS-CoV-2 infection, and Cv2.1169 and Cv2.3194 are prime candidates for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-2-cll-10.1177_09636897211034464 for Intrathecal Transplantation of Autologous and Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Dogs by Felipe Pérez Benavides, Giovana Boff Araujo Pinto, Marta Cristina Thomas Heckler, Diana Milena Rodríguez Hurtado, Livia Ramos Teixeira, Marina Mitie de Souza Monobe, Gisele Fabrino Machado, Guilherme Dias de Melo, Diego Noé Rodríguez-Sánchez, Fernanda da Cruz Landim e Alvarenga and Rogério Martins Amorim in Cell Transplantation

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-3-cll-10.1177_09636897211034464 for Intrathecal Transplantation of Autologous and Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Dogs by Felipe Pérez Benavides, Giovana Boff Araujo Pinto, Marta Cristina Thomas Heckler, Diana Milena Rodríguez Hurtado, Livia Ramos Teixeira, Marina Mitie de Souza Monobe, Gisele Fabrino Machado, Guilherme Dias de Melo, Diego Noé Rodríguez-Sánchez, Fernanda da Cruz Landim e Alvarenga and Rogério Martins Amorim in Cell Transplantation

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-cll-10.1177_09636897211034464 for Intrathecal Transplantation of Autologous and Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Dogs by Felipe Pérez Benavides, Giovana Boff Araujo Pinto, Marta Cristina Thomas Heckler, Diana Milena Rodríguez Hurtado, Livia Ramos Teixeira, Marina Mitie de Souza Monobe, Gisele Fabrino Machado, Guilherme Dias de Melo, Diego Noé Rodríguez-Sánchez, Fernanda da Cruz Landim e Alvarenga and Rogério Martins Amorim in Cell Transplantation

International audience; Seismic rays travelling just below the Moho provide insights into the thermal and compositional properties of the upper-mantle, and can be detected as Pn phases from regional earthquakes. Such phases are routinely identified in the continents, but in the oceans, detection of Pn phases is limited by a lack of long-term instrument deployments. We present estimates of upper-mantle velocity in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean from Pn arrivals beneath, and flanking, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and across several transform faults. We analyzed waveforms from 50 earthquakes with magnitude MW >3.5, recorded over 12 months in 2012-2013 by five autonomous hydrophones and a broadband seismograph located on the St. Peter and St. Paul archipelago. The resulting catalog of 152 ray paths allows us to resolve spatial variations in uppermantle velocities, which are consistent with estimates from nearby wide-angle seismic experiments. We find relatively high velocities near to the St. Paul transform system (~8.4 km s-1), compared to lower ridge-parallel velocities (~7.7 km s-1). Hence, this method is able to resolve ridge-transform scale velocity variations. Ray paths in lithosphere younger than 10 Myr have mean velocities of 7.9 ± 0.5 km s-1, which is slightly lower than those sampling lithosphere older than 20 Myr (8.1 km ± 0.3 s-1). There is no apparent systematic relationship between velocity and ray azimuth, which could be due to thickened lithosphere or complex mantle upwelling, although uncertainties in our velocity estimates may obscure such patterns. We also do not find any correlation between Pn velocity and shear wave speeds from the global SL2013sv model at depths < 150 km. Our results demonstrate that data from long-term deployments of autonomous hydrophones can be used to obtain rare and insightful estimates of uppermost mantle velocities over hundreds of kilometers, in otherwise inaccessible parts of the deep oceans.

The objective of this study was to understand the perception of nursing students regarding learning the competence to lead the nursing team in emergency situations in the hospital. This is a research with qualitative approach, in which 15 nursing students from a public university participated, selected for convenience. Data collection was performed by semi-structured interview, recorded in audio. For data analysis we used thematic analysis. Three themes were obtained: Nurse leadership in emergency situations: practice is fundamental; Being an intern: “we are more led than we are leading”; and Potentials and weaknesses in learning leadership in emergency situations. The nursing students in this study recognize the nurse's role as leader in emergency situations, emphasizing that the learning of this competence is related to the opportunities to experience situations in clinical practice. However, it was observed that the scarce opportunities to experience emergencies associated with being a trainee make difficult to learn what it means to be a leader in this care context. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender la percepción de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre el aprendizaje de la competencia para dirigir el equipo de enfermería en situaciones de emergencia en el entorno hospitalario. Esta es una investigación con un enfoque cualitativo, en el que participaron 15 estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública, obtenidos de una muestra de conveniencia. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante una entrevista semiestructurada, grabada en audio. Para el análisis de datos utilizamos análisis temático. Se obtuvieron tres temas: Liderazgo del enfermero en situaciones de emergencia: la práctica es fundamental; Ser aprendiz: "somos más guiados de lo que estamos guiando"; Fortalezas y debilidades en el aprendizaje del liderazgo en situaciones de emergencia. Los estudiantes de enfermería en el estudio reconocen el papel de los enfermeros como líderes en situaciones de emergencia, enfatizando que aprender esta competencia está relacionado con las oportunidades de experimentar situaciones en la práctica clínica. Sin embargo, se observó que las escasas oportunidades de experimentar emergencias asociadas con la condición de ser un interno hacen que sea difícil aprender lo que significa ser un líder en este contexto de atención. Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção dos acadêmicos de enfermagem a respeito da aprendizagem da competência para liderar a equipe de enfermagem nas situações de emergência no ambiente hospitalar. Trata- se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, na qual participaram 15 acadêmicos de enfermagem de uma Universidade pública, obtidos a partir de amostra por conveniência. A coleta de dados foi realizada por entrevista semiestruturada, gravada em áudio. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a Análise Temática. Obteve-se três temas: Liderança do enfermeiro nas situações de emergência: a prática é fundamental; Ser estagiário: “somos mais liderados do que lideramos”; e Potencialidades e fraquezas na aprendizagem da liderança nas situações de emergência. Os estudantes de enfermagem integrantes do estudo reconhecem o papel do enfermeiro como líder nas situações de emergência, enfatizam que a aprendizagem desta competência está relacionada às oportunidades de vivenciar as situações na prática clínica. Contudo, observou-se que as escassas oportunidades de experimentar as emergências associadas à condição de ser estagiário dificultam a aprendizagem do que é ser líder neste contexto assistencial.

International audience

The Equatorial Atlantic is formed by several slow-slipping ridges and transform faults also associated with inactive fracture zones. Among these, the St. Paul Transform System (SPTS) is a complex multi-fault with four faults and three intra-transform segments with a long-offset of 630 km. In the northern transform, the 200 km long and 30 km wide Atobá Ridge is a major topographic feature that reaches the sea level at the St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago (SPSPA). We have determined the hypocentral location of 62 minor-moderate earthquakes of SPTS. The earthquakes occurred in 2013 and were recorded by a seismometer installed in SPSPA and three hydrophones deployed during the COLMEIA cruise. A seismogenic zone with a deep brittle-ductile transition was identified in SPTS, with hypocenters reaching 18 km beneath the seafloor. We observed that this lithospheric structure presents relation with the offset age and controls the maximum hypocentral depths of oceanic transform faults. Besides, the earthquakes indicated the existence of a broad serpentinization depth reaching 18 km beneath the Atobá Ridge. We interpreted this as an effect of deep-water percolation into the mantle in the SPTS, which cause a fluid-mantle rocks interaction and allowed the growth of faults into the mantle. Some hypocenters were in the central fracture zone (CFZ) segment of SPTS and their depths reached 8.8 km beneath the seafloor. We interpreted this seismicity as reactivation of a weakness zone existent in CFZ, which occurred due to the transpressive load-induced stress from the Atobá Ridge., O Atlântico Equatorial é formado por diversas dorsais e falhas transformantes de escorregamento lento. Entre elas, o Sistema Transformante de São Paulo (STSP) é um complexo transformante, que se estende por 630 km, formado por múltiplas transformantes sendo quatro falhas e três segmentos intra-transformante. Na parte norte do STSP, a Zona da Serra do Atobá (ZSA) com 200 km de comprimento e 30 km de largura, é uma importante formação que atinge o nível do mar formando o Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP). Foi realizado a localização hipocentral de 62 tremores do STSP. Eles ocorreram no ano de 2013, e foram registrados por um sismômetro instalado no ASPSP e três hidrofones implantados durante o cruzeiro COLMEIA. Usando os hipocentros, foi identificado uma zona sismogênica com profunda de transição frágil-dúctil à 18 km abaixo do oceano. Observamos que essa estrutura litosférica apresenta relação com a idade de deslocamento da transformante, na qual pode controlar as profundidades hipocentrais nas falhas transformantes do oceano. Além disso, os terremotos indicaram a existência de uma ampla extensão na profundidade da área de serpentinização, atingindo até 18 km abaixo da ZSA. Nós interpretamos isso como um efeito da percolação de águas em falhas e que possibilitam que elas atinjam até o manto abaixo do STSP, o que causa uma interação de rochas fluido-manto e o crescimento das falhas até o manto. Alguns hipocentros estavam localizados no segmento da Zona de Fratura Central (ZFC) e com profundidades que atingiam 8,8 km abaixo do fundo do mar. Nós interpretamos isso como a reativação de uma zona de fraqueza existente na ZFC, na qual ocorreu devido estresse induzido pela carga transpressiva da ZSA.

This paper aimed to analyse the BM&F cattle future market as a tool for price risk management for traders that deal cattle in the Rondônia State. In order to reach this goal it was analysed if there is a long-term relationship between the cattle prices in Rondônia and the Esalq/BM&F Cattle Index. Besides that, it was done an examination of the optimal hedge Rio Branco – Acre, 20 a 23 de julho de 2008 Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administração e Sociologia Rural ratio and its effectiveness to the year of 2007. The results indicated that the cattle price in Rondônia and the Esalq/BM&F Cattle Index has a long-term relationship, which means the traders can use the BM&F as tool to hedge the cattle price in such state. However, through the optimal hedge ratio and the effectiveness analyses were possible to note that between august and november the BM&F utilization did not contribute significantly to manage the cattle price risk.

Visceral leishmaniasis is an insidious neglected disease with worldwide distribution. It is caused by parasites from the Leishmania donovani complex, which are able to be transmitted by different species of phlebotomine sand flies and to infect numerous mammal hosts. Despite the high number of people infected or at risk, and the remarkable quantity of studies focusing on this disease, a proper experimental model to efficiently decipher the infectious process of visceral leishmaniasis taking into account the nuances of parasite’s virulence and the duration of the infection is still lacking. Therefore, using golden Syrian hamsters and BALB/c mice, state-of-the-art genetic manipulation applied on a fully virulent L. donovani strain and in vivo imaging approaches, we describe herein three benefits for experimental visceral leishmaniasis: (i) the development of a double transfected bioluminescent (firefly luciferase) and fluorescent (E2-crimson) virulent strain of L. donovani (Ld1S_luci_E2-crimson), favoring a wide range of both in vivo and in vitro investigations, (ii) the establishment of a non-invasive mouse model to evaluate the infectious process during visceral leishmaniasis and the parasite’s virulence in real time, allowing longitudinal studies with the same animals, and (iii) the elaboration of a suitable method to reinstate (and verify anew) the virulence in a population of attenuated parasites, by recovering persistent parasites from chronic infected mice. Consequently, these results open up new perspectives on the study of visceral leishmaniasis, especially in the fields of therapeutics and vaccinology, since the model described herein renders now possible long-lasting follow up studies, with easy and accurate day-by-day verifications of the infection status along with a reduced number of laboratory animals. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov 2013-0047., Author summary Visceral leishmaniasis is a chronic disease caused by the life-threatening parasite Leishmania donovani. This chronicity character is a major concern in experimental models of visceral leishmaniasis, since infected animals do not develop any visible sign or symptom before one/two months after infection. Consequently, there is an urge to develop a model that allow the early identification of the parasite in the host’s tissues and an easy follow up of the infection. Therefore, we generated genetically-modified virulent parasites that are concomitantly fluorescent and bioluminescent, and using highly performant imaging approaches, we could detect these parasites in tissues of infected hamsters and mice within a week post-infection. With these parasites, we established, then, a mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis that allows prolonged longitudinal studies and enables the investigation of parasite’s survival, using non-invasive in vivo imaging techniques. These features are of extreme importance, particularly for the development of new therapies and vaccines and open up new perspectives on the study of this disease.