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Mediterranean riparian ecosystems provide key ecosystem services, such as climate regulation, water quality, and flood protection. Forest degradation and exotic species are among the main human-mediated impacts in these ecosystems, yet little is known about their interacting effect on the dynamics of soil characteristics. Here, we studied the effect of species canopy on monthly soil characteristics during one year in a riparian ecosystem in Central Spain. Soil chemical and microbiological properties were monthly recorded in five vegetation types: (1) forests dominated by the N2-fixing Alnus glutinosa, (2) shrublands dominated by A. glutinosa, (3) poplar plantations of the exotic Populus × hybrida, (4) mixed forests dominated by Fraxinus angustifolia and Salix alba, and (5) grasslands. Canopy areas showed much higher soil organic C, total N, nitrate and ammonium contents than the grassland areas. A. glutinosa forests had the highest total N, organic C, ammonium, and most probable number (MPN) of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms followed by A. glutinosa shrublands, while mixed forests and poplar plantations had the highest nitrate content. Poplar plantations showed the lowest soil N and C content likely due to the recalcitrant litter of Populus × hybrida. N2 fixation peaked in months that differed among vegetation types. Temporal changes in soil characteristics were mostly driven by soil moisture, although the magnitude of these changes varied between canopy species. Our study highlights the importance of protecting forested areas and planting native tree species in afforestation programmes to keep the ecological integrity of riparian ecosystems. A. glutinosa is suggested as an appropriate species to improve soil fertility and stability in restoration projects., Los ecosistemas ribereños mediterráneos proporcionan servicios ecosistémicos clave, como la regulación del clima, la calidad del agua y la protección de los alimentos. La degradación de los bosques y las especies exóticas son algunos de los principales impactos de la actividad humana en estos ecosistemas, pero se conoce poco sobre su efecto interactivo en la dinámica de las características del suelo. Aquí estudiamos el efecto del dosel de especies arbóreas sobre las características del suelo en un ecosistema ribereño del centro de España. Las propiedades químicas y microbiológicas del suelo se registraron mensualmente en cinco tipos de vegetación: (1) bosques dominados por Alnus glutinosa, árbol fijador de N2, (2) matorrales dominados por A. glutinosa, (3) plantaciones de la exótica Populus × hybrida, (4) bosques mixtos dominados por Fraxinus angustifolia y Salix alba, y (5) pastizales. Las zonas con dosel arbóreo mostraron un contenido mucho mayor de C orgánico, N total, nitrato y amonio del suelo que las zonas de pastizales. Los bosques de A. glutinosa presentaron los mayores contenidos de N total, C orgánico, amonio y número más probable (NMP) de microorganismos aeróbicos y anaeróbicos, seguidos de los matorrales de A. glutinosa, mientras que los bosques mixtos y las plantaciones de chopo tenían un mayor contenido de C orgánico total, nitrato y amonio en el suelo que las zonas de pasto. Los bosques mixtos y las plantaciones de chopo tenían el mayor contenido de nitratos. Las plantaciones de chopo mostraron el menor contenido de N y C del suelo probablemente debido a la hojarasca recalcitrante de Populus × hybrida. La fijación de N2 alcanzó su punto máximo en meses diferentes entre los distintos tipos de vegetación. Los cambios temporales en las características del suelo se debieron principalmente a la humedad del suelo, aunque la magnitud de estos cambios varió entre las especies del dosel. Nuestro estudio pone de manifiesto la importancia de proteger las zonas b, Comunidad de Madrid, Red para la Restauración Ecológica y Conservación de los Ecosistemas Madrileños, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científco y Tecnológico (FONDECYT)., Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT), Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Ecologists have long debated the properties that confer stability to complex, species-rich ecological networks. Species-level soil food webs are large and structured networks of central importance to ecosystem functioning. Here, we conducted an analysis of the stability properties of an up-to-date set of theoretical soil food web models that account both for realistic levels of species richness and the most recent views on the topological structure (who is connected to whom) of these food webs. The stability of the network was best explained by two factors: strong correlations between interaction strengths and the blocked, nonrandom trophic structure of the web. These two factors could stabilize our model food webs even at the high levels of species richness that are typically found in soil, and that would make random systems very unstable. Also, the stability of our soil food webs is well-approximated by the cascade model. This result suggests that stability could emerge from the hierarchical structure of the functional organization of the web. Our study shows that under the assumption of equilibrium and small perturbations, theoretical soil food webs possess a topological structure that allows them to be complex yet more locally stable than their random counterpart. In particular, results strongly support the general hypothesis that the stability of rich and complex soil food webs is mostly driven by correlations in interaction strength and the organization of the soil food web into functional groups. The implication is that in real-world food web, any force disrupting the functional structure and distribution pattern of interaction strengths (i.e., energy fluxes) of the soil food webs will destabilize the dynamics of the system, leading to species extinction and major changes in the relative abundances of species.

The article analyzes the consequences of the 1964 civil-military coup in the state of Piauí, as well as the formation of local memories about such an event. I analyze how part of the Piauí elites, through newspapers, reproduced what I call adherence and accommodation practices to the coup. The anti-communist narratives were the central argument used, as a form of persecution of union, pecebist and labor leaders in northern Piauí. However, over time, these elites have built a memory marked by appeasing visions, if not of celebration of the regime, as a means of historical erasure of the organization of workers and labor in the 1950s / 1960s, as well as for silencing about the repressive measures adopted., O artigo analisa os desdobramentos do golpe civil-militar de 1964 no estado doPiauí, bem como a formação das memórias locais sobre tal evento. Analiso, pormeio do material empírico, como parcela das elites piauienses reproduziu aquilo quedenomino de práticas de adesão e acomodação ao golpe. As narrativasanticomunistas foram o argumento central utilizado, como forma de perseguição aoslíderes sindicais, pecebistas e trabalhistas no norte piauiense. No entanto, ao longodo tempo, construiu-se, por parte dessas elites, uma memória marcada por visõesapaziguadoras, quando não de celebração à ditadura, como forma de apagamentohistórico da organização dos trabalhadores e trabalhistas nos anos 1950/1960, bemcomo para o silenciamento a respeito das medidas repressivas adotadas.

The study of the macroeconomic effects of tax changes and public spending plans has regained footing recently. Nevertheless, in many occasions, the shortcomings of available official data pose limits to the type of approach analysts can pursue. While this issue receives traditionally limited attention, it is of utmost relevance for policy makers and academics alike. Against this framework, in this paper we construct a quite disaggregated quarterly fiscal database of Spanish seasonallyadjusted public finance variables for the period 1986Q1-2015Q4, in national accounts terms. Following a recent strand of the literature, we pose special emphasis on the models and data ingredients used. The later includes a rich set of input fiscal data taken from budgetary accounts. We illustrate the use of our data by providing key stylized facts on the cyclical properties of fiscal policies over the past three decades., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Junta de Andalucia, Depto. de Economía Aplicada, Pública y Política, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

[spa] La presente tesis doctoral tiene como propósito analizar las fuentes clásicas y contemporáneas que alimentan el imaginario de la poeta Aurora Luque (Almería, 1962) a través de una serie de referentes que, recuperando las palabras de Andújar Almansa, configura su “ADN poético” (Andújar Almansa en Luque 2008b: 13). Tomando como punto de partida la teoría intertextual incluida en Palimsestos. Literatura de segundo grado de G. Gennette, se recorrerán los poemarios de la autora almeriense publicados entre 1982 y 2014 en busca de señales literarias que conduzcan a sus puntos de origen, representación última de las afinidades lectoras de la poeta. El contenido de esta tesis está distribuido en tres grandes bloques temáticos: el primero de ellos está dedicado a la palabra comprometida de Aurora Luque donde se examina la inspiración literaria que la autora ha hallado en la realidad circundante y en el devenir de la historia y la intrahistoria; el segundo se ocupa por extenso de las fuentes clásicas en su poesía (Safo, Catulo, Epicuro, Platón, la mitología clásica) y de los puentes que se establecen entre la antigüedad, la modernidad y las exigencias de lo posmoderno; finalmente, el tercer bloque se reserva al estudio de las manifestaciones literarias y artísticas cercanas en el tiempo: entre el siglo XIX y el advenimiento del séptimo arte, así como en los diferentes períodos del siglo XX, Luque encuentra ciertos referentes con los que se siente hermanada (Sophia de Mello, Luis Cernuda, Friedrich Hölderlin, Emily Dickinson) porque la conectan, una vez más, con los preceptos básicos de la antigüedad clásica., [eng] This PhD Dissertation aims to analyze the Classical and Contemporary sources present in Aurora Luque’s poetical imaginary. Starting from Gennette’s intertextual theory included in Palimpsests. Literature in the Second Degree, and in order to unveil those literary marks that allow us to better understand the ultimate representations of the poet’s literary affinities, I will explore Luque’s published work between 1982 and 2014. The thesis is divided into three major blocks: the first is dedicated to Luque’s “political word” and it examines the literary inspiration that the author has found in the surrounding reality as well as in the course of History and "Intrahistoria"; the second focuses on the Classical sources in her poetry (Sappho, Catullus, Epicurus, Plato, Classical Mythology) and it analyzes the connection between antiquity and postmodernism; and finally, the third block is dedicated to the study of Contemporary literary and artistic manifestations: Luque’s poetical referents, many of which can be found in the advent of cinematography and in the literature of the 19th and 20th century (Sophia de Mello, Luis Cernuda, Friedrich Hölderlin, Emily Dickinson), inevitably connects her to the cardinal canons of Classical Antiquity.