Search

This paper explores the idea, occasionally discernible in Leibniz's writings, that civil bodies can achieve a real or substantial union through the 'mystical body' of the Church. The starting question is: can the 'person' of the state attain real internal union even if it is not a natural person? This theme is examined in light of Leibniz's interest in the ontology of complex aggregates (including civil 'bodies' or 'persons'), the miracle of the Eucharist, the mystery of transubstantiation, and the unity of the Church. Since his very early Demonstrationes Catholicae, he had strived to demonstrate that the body of the Church, despite being—so to speak—'scattered', can be regarded as a Respublica with a strong internal degree of unity, primarily due to the communion that the faithful share through the Eucharist. This article thus analyses both early and mature texts in which Leibniz discusses the bond established among the faithful by the presence of Christ in the Eucharist, arguing that he experimented with the idea that the spiritual union possible within the Church's 'mystical body' and its aggregative capacity could transform European Christian states not only politically but also substantially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a fresh redemptive reading of Gen 3:16, viewed in light of a whole mosaic of canonical contexts and intertextual connections. These include, among others, the full equality without hierarchy of man and woman in Gen 1–2; the paradigmatic nature of egalitarian marriage with mutual submission between husband and wife in Gen 2:18–24; the rupture of husband–wife relationships in Gen 3:6–13; the covenant lawsuit of Gen 3:14–19; the meaning of mashal in Gen 1:16–18 and 4:7; the meaning of teshuqah and grammatical–syntactical parallels and contrasts in Gen 4:7 and Song 7:11 (Eng. v. 10); the redemptive aspects of the woman and her seed in Gen 3:15; and the intertextual connections with New Testament passages. Considering this mosaic of contexts and connections, it is suggested that Gen 3:16 must be viewed only in reference to marriage; it is never broadened to include man–woman gender relationships in general. In Gen 3:16, God provides a temporary, remedial measure to preserve harmony and unity in a ruptured marriage relationship, with an implicit call for husbands and wives to return as soon as possible from the mashal–teshuqah relationship to the paradigmatic egalitarian marriage set forth in Gen 2:24. This return to the divine creation ideal for marriage is empowered by the redemptive promises of Gen 3:15, confirmed in the reversal of the Gen 3:16 marital relationship articulated in the Song of Songs—the inspired commentary on Gen 1–3—particularly Song 7:11 [Eng. v. 10]), and reaffirmed in the consistent citations of Gen 2:24 (and not Gen 3:16) in the NT (Matt 19:5, 6; Eph 5:31). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the process of creating avatars for Virtual Reality and metaverse environments using a variety of specialized applications, including VRChat, Ready Player Me, VRoidStudio, Mixamo, Convai, and MetaHuman. By evaluating these platforms, the research identifies the strengths and limitations of each tool in terms of customization, integration, and overall user experience. The practical implementation focuses on avatar creation within Unity and Unreal Engine, highlighting the technical aspects of rigging, animation, and real-time rendering. The study also delves into the broader implications of avatar use, particularly concerning privacy and security. Our findings reveal that while each platform offers unique advantages, the choice of tool significantly impacts the visual fidelity and performance of avatars in virtual environments. For the ease of use, Ready Player Me stands out with its intuitive interface. VRoidStudio is notable for its high degree of customizability, allowing for detailed avatar personalization. In terms of high-quality graphics, MetaHuman leads the way with its advanced graphical fidelity. At the same time, while some platforms excel in personalizing avatars or integrating with development environments (VRoidStudio, Ready Player Me), others are constrained by their limited flexibility or their platform-specific availability (MetaHuman, Mixamo). Understanding the technical intricacies of these tools is crucial for developing more immersive and secure metaverse experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a novel normalized time-fractional susceptible–infected–removed (SIR) model that incorporates memory effects into epidemiological dynamics. The proposed model is based on a newly developed normalized time-fractional derivative, which is similar to the well-known Caputo fractional derivative but is characterized by the property that the sum of its weight function equals one. This unity property is crucial because it helps with evaluating how the fractional order influences the behavior of time-fractional differential equations over time. The normalized time-fractional derivative, with its unity property, provides an intuitive understanding of how fractional orders influence the SIR model's dynamics and enables systematic exploration of how changes in the fractional order affect the model's behavior. We numerically investigate how these variations impact the epidemiological dynamics of our normalized time-fractional SIR model and highlight the role of fractional order in improving the accuracy of infectious disease predictions. The appendix provides the program code for the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we proposed a normalized time-fractional diffusion equation and conducted a numerical investigation of the dynamics of the proposed equation. We discretized the governing equation by using a finite difference method. The proposed normalized time-fractional diffusion equation features a different time scale compared to the conventional time-fractional diffusion equation. This distinct time scale provides an intuitive understanding of the fractional time derivative, which represents a weighted average of the temporal history of the time derivative. Furthermore, the sum of the weight function is one for all values of the fractional parameter and time. The primary advantage of the proposed model over conventional time-fractional equations is the unity property of the sum of the weight function, which allows us to investigate the effects of the fractional order on the evolutionary dynamics of time-fractional equations. To highlight the differences in performance between the conventional and normalized time-fractional diffusion equations, we have conducted several numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Here we define and report the relationship between the maximum seismic magnitude (M) and injection volume (ΔV) through fluid-injection fault-reactivation experiments and analysis. This relationship incorporates the in situ shear modulus (G) and fault pre-stress as a fraction of the strength drop (c), expressed as M = c/(1-c) GΔV. Injection response defines a sigmoidal relation in M − Δ V space with unit gradient limbs linked by an intermediate up-step. Both laboratory observations and analysis for a rigid fault with slip limited to the zone of pressurization show trajectories of cumulative M − Δ V that evolve at a gradient of unity, are offset in order of increasing pre-stress and are capable of step changes in moment with shear reactivation at elevated critical-stresses – key features apparent in field observations. The model and confirmatory laboratory observations explain the occurrence of some triggered earthquakes at EGS sites significantly larger than expected relative to injection volumes and based on previous models. Through fluid-injection fault-reactivation experiments and analysis, the authors here define and report the relationship between the maximum seismic magnitude and injection volume for fluid-injection triggered earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A digital twin (DT) is a virtual/digital model of any physical object (physical twin), interconnected through data exchange. In the context of Industry 4.0, DTs are integral to intelligent automation driving innovation at scale by providing significant improvements in precision, flexibility, and real-time responsiveness. A critical challenge in developing DTs is achieving a model that reflects real-time conditions with precision and flexibility. This paper focuses on evaluating latency and accuracy, key metrics for assessing the efficacy of a DT, which often hinder scalability and adaptability in robotic applications. This article presents a comprehensive framework for developing DTs using Unity and Robot Operating System (ROS) as the main layers of digitalization and communication. The MoveIt package was used for motion planning and execution for the robotic arm, showcasing the framework's versatility independent of proprietary constraints. Leveraging the versatility and open-source nature of these tools, the framework ensures interoperability, adaptability, and scalability, crucial for modern smart manufacturing applications. Our approach was validated by conducting extensive accuracy and latency tests. We measured latency by timestamping messages exchanged between the physical and digital twin, achieving a latency of 77.67 ms. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the joint positions of the DT and the physical robotic arm over multiple cycles, resulting in an accuracy rate of 99.99%. The results highlight the potential of DTs in enhancing operational efficiency and decision-making in manufacturing environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Filosóficos is the property of Estudios Filosoficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Thought / Al-Fikr al-Islāmī al-Muʿāṣir is the property of International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The IC Profiler (ICP) manufactured by Sun Nuclear Corporation (SNC) is an ionization chamber (IC) array used for linear accelerator dosimetry measurements. Previous work characterized response of the ICP under various conditions, but there is limited work of its implementation into monthly QA measurement procedures. This work quantifies ICP accuracy and variables that affect accuracy for beam output measurements, and demonstrates feasibility of using the ICP for all recommended monthly dosimetry measurements. Methods: A total of 1985 output measurements on six Varian TrueBeam and Edge linear accelerators were performed using three ICP with quad wedges (QWs) and were compared with conventional IC measurements. The accuracy of the ICP for beam output was characterized as the difference between the ICP and IC. Variables that affect ICP accuracy, including gain settings, calibrations, and template baselining as well as machine or energy‐specific bias were investigated. Measurements of profile constancy, energy, dose rate constancy, wedge factors, and gating were performed. Results: The initially observed mean output difference between the ICP and IC was 0.16% (0.61%). When gain settings were optimized, the output difference accuracy improved to −0.02% (0.38%). The output accuracy of the ICP was not dependent on array, dose, temperature and pressure calibrations, or template baselining. Statistically, ICP output accuracy was dependent on machine and beam energy, but clinically, all measurements fell within 0.5% of unity. ICP measurements of energy, dose rate constancy, and wedge factors matched passing results with conventional IC in water measurements. Gating and beam profile constancy measurements demonstrated good stability using the ICP. Finally, monthly dosimetry QA using ICP was completed in an average of 33 min compared to 66 min using the IC. Conclusion: This work demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of using the ICP, with specific considerations, as a measurement device for dosimetric linear accelerator monthly QA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article demonstrates that the Schuman Plan and the European Economic Community (EEC) challenged the unity of pre-existing European business associations. It emphasises the effects of coexisting European integration processes between the late 1940s to the 1970s on the development and the structuration of European business associations. The UNICE, the EEC's main employers' organisation, was first founded in 1952 as a committee of an employers' organisation within the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), and was relaunched in 1958 within the EEC. Studying the shift from the OEEC to the EEC provides new insights into how European business associations adapted to the redefinition of European political spaces. Based on archives from European business associations, this article presents the forgotten structural development of UNICE, from its initial foundation in 1952 to its refoundation as the EEC's representative European business organisation in 1958, and its later gradual structuring in the early 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the paper is to hybridize the triangular fuzzy number and the quadripartitioned neutrosophic set and develop the triangular fuzzy quadripartitioned neutrosophic set. The triangular fuzzy numbers have great potential to express uncertainty systematically. So, the combination of the triangular fuzzy numbers and quadripartitioned neutrosophic sets is an intelligent mathematical tool that will be a helpful mathematical tool for decision-making. We define some operations on the triangular fuzzy quadripartitioned neutrosophic sets such as union, intersection, and complement. We establish some important theorems on operations like union, intersection in between three triangular fuzzy quadripartitioned neutrosophic sets in an elaborate way. We have defined unity and null triangular fuzzy quadripartitioned neutrosophic sets and established some mathematical operations on them. We establish some fundamental properties of the developed triangular fuzzy quadripartitioned neutrosophic sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of schism is one of the major issues in 1 Clement. To resolve this problem, the author of 1 Clement exhorts the Corinthian believers to submit to their leaders by using military imagery. While the use of military imagery is often understood in reference to the author's emphasis on peace and concord, what remains to be explored is the way in which the militaristic imagery in 1 Clement 37 can be read alongside 2 Timothy 2:3–4. Although there is no clear evidence of whether Clement draws on 2 Timothy or vice versa, I suggest that the militaristic imagery in 2 Timothy 2:3–4 offers a helpful analog for understanding the meaning of the use of military imagery in 1 Clement 37. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I shall argue that the law of non-contradiction can be used to constructively reframe the univocalist debate. Duns Scotus argued famously that a term is univocal in two statements if its unity is sufficient for a contradiction. This logical definition was woven into his arguments against Henry of Ghent's (and indirectly Thomas Aquinas') view of analogy, arguing that all successful analogies must be built upon a univocal core. As early as the 1960s, this Scotist univocity had been singled out by French scholars and, by the turn of the century, had become the cherished whipping boy of Radical Orthodoxy, which claims that Scotus was the progenitor of modern onto-theology, nihilism, and secular immanence. While the genealogical critique in its fullness is beyond this paper's scope, it illustrates the gravity of the question. If the doctrine of analogy is coherent—i.e., if Scotus turned to univocity without cause—then perhaps his condemnation is justified. However—in line with the principle quod est necessarium est licitum (that which is necessary is permissible)—if univocity is necessary for successful theological reference, then perhaps the doctrine of univocity can be defended regardless of its historical usage. This paper will argue that univocity is latent in all successful analogies, commencing with a fairly standard analysis of Scotus' Ordinatio, then moving beyond Scotus to more constructively suggest that an expanded version of the argument from non-contradiction can help reframe the univocalist debate for today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to clarify Mendelssohn's stance on speculative philosophy by connecting the conflict between common sense and speculation with the notion of approval-drive. It argues that Mendelssohn identifies a principle of existence in the faculty of approval, aligning common sense with the divine nature, thereby challenging the skepticism inherent in metaphysical speculation. By invoking God's creative impetus, Mendelssohn demonstrates that the ontologically abundant world conceived by common sense is more consistent with the divine nature than the ontologically impoverished worlds envisioned by metaphysicians. This approach positions Mendelssohn within the tradition of Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz, emphasizing the role of the divine intellect as the guarantee of the accord between perceived and actual reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the intricacies of variable load combination factors (ψ) within structural codes under fundamental design scenarios, with Eurocodes serving as the primary reference. Currently, variable loads are combined by adding one load, the leading load with its full value, and the other load, the accompanying load, with a reduced value multiplied by a combination factor ψ. This approach employs an independent load combination methodology, utilizing hypothetical reference materials. In contrast, this paper advocates for a shift towards dependent load combination, anchored in the use of actual reference materials. Specifically, it is proposed that imposed loads be combined without the combination factor, i.e., ψ = 1. Given that combination factors are in approximate unity or pertain to infrequent load cases, this research recommends the elimination of ψ from codes altogether. This recommendation stems from the recognition that the current combination factor calculation excels in cases with approximately equal loads with a significant reliability gain, while more frequent unequal loads introduce a minor reliability gain and harmful unsafe errors. Despite the overall minor safety advantage of about 2–3% being negligible considering unavoidable safe errors of about 7% in codes, this simplification significantly reduces code complexity, enhances user-friendliness, and substantially decreases the workload associated with design processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we enjoin the United Nations (UN) to forge a path out of our plight of multiple environmental and social crises. With other analysts, we identify 'overshoot' - the state in which humanity has substantially outpaced Earth's capacity to regenerate its natural systems and to absorb our waste output - as the root cause of the existential threats we face. This dangerous condition demands rethinking our relationship with Earth and embarking on scaling down the human enterprise within policy frameworks of equity and rights. We argue that when the UN first articulated its international unity and prosperity mission, it did so within a 'growth' paradigm that treats Earth and its nonhuman inhabitants as mere resources at humanity's disposal. The 1994 Cairo Conference on Population and Development reinforced this agenda, with its sharp turn away from the earlier emphasis on population concerns and their link to environmental protection. Today, it is clear that the UN's foundational goals of peace, human rights and sustainability flounder within a growthdriven framework of human exceptionalism and nature domination. To correct course and reverse our advanced state of ecological overshoot, we urge the UN to lead in contracting the large-scale variables of the human enterprise - population, economy, technosphere - and to resist co-optation by political, ideological and special interest pressures that would derail this mandate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In seventh-century Byzantium, a prolonged and ardent debate arose concerning the sphere of operation and will in Christ, which became a major theological issue of the period. The problem and the theological debate evolved. The present article attempts to present the specificity of Monotheletism in terms of content and terminology, as well as examine its key thesis. The article discusses the relationship between the view on the unity of Christ's person and the belief in the unity of His will. The article also presents the reasons for maintaining a specific terminology by the Monotheletes and explains the essence of Monotheletism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-dual path—which runs through the undercurrent of all the great traditions and religions at their esoteric and initiatory level—is underpinned by the doctrine of Unity, namely the fact that the ultimate Reality is one. In this respect, negation is neither local nor tied to a positive content (simple negation), nor does it affirm elsewhere the existence of what it denies (presuppositional negation), but it presents itself, in a more original way, as the neutralization of all determination and dualism, i.e., of false assumptions on what there is that prevent us from accessing to that which, being unqualifiable, really is. In order to grasp the meaning of the via negativa as a path of deconstruction and disidentification (Neti-Neti) and of the apparent obscurity of non-knowledge (Agnosia), which is expressed in the lexicon proper to negative theology (silence, abyss, inexpressible, unrepresentable, non-manifest), the questioning about the Being-in-itself must not be separated from that about one's own Self. This original negativity, which proceeds from the metaphysical ignorance of the truth of the self and the truth of what is (Avidyā), once lifted, opens the way to the subjective apprehension of Reality, i.e., the perspective of transcendental interiority: the Supreme Identity between the Being-in-itself and Oneself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Álabe is the property of Alabe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía (0185-3481) is the property of Universidad Iberoamericana Cuidad de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada is the property of Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universum is the property of Instituto de Estudios Humanisticos Juan Ignacio Molina, Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we present a millimeter‐wave beamforming antenna array for the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks and beyond. One of our priority objectives was to minimize the antenna array's total physical size, by paying attention to avoid radiation performance degradation, such as bandwidth and efficiency. Another priority objective was to avoid mutual coupling (MC) between radiation elements and enhance the gain of the antenna to meet the requirements and challenges of the 5G. In these prospects, we have designed a 4 × 3 Chebyshev modified rectangular antenna array, engraved on the dielectric substrate of the top layer. The antenna array is powered across a 4 × 4 Butler matrix, engraved on the dielectric substrate of the bottom layer. The prototype overall size is 35.76 × 45.56 × 1.589 mm3. Hence, four switched main lobes pointed according to the angles ‐14°, +26°, ‐23° and +12°. The corresponded maximum gains at 28 GHz are 11.1, 10.5, 11, and 11.5 dB, respectively. Moreover, a reduction of the MC is ensured by using a CSRR metamaterial carved into the ground plane (GP) of the upper dielectric substrate layer. Experimental and simulation results concord well and show a multiband behavior at 26 GHz and in Ka‐band. The impedance bandwidths are 1.5%, 2.7%, and 2.43% at 26, 28, and 40 GHz, respectively. A low MC, between the antenna array's elements, is also achieved, and the levels of the transmission coefficients vary between ‐11 dB and ‐68 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architectonic is key for situating Kant's understanding of science in the coming century. For Kant the faculty of reason turns to ideas to form a complete system. The coherence of the system rests on these ideas. In contrast to technical unity which can be abstracted a posteriori, architectonic ideas are the source of a priori unity for the system of reason because they connect our reasonable pursuit to essential human ends. Given Kant's focus on mathematics, in the architectonic and his critical philosophy more generally, we must have some sense of the architectonic idea of mathematics. In this paper, I argue for the key principles of the architectonic idea of mathematics: 1) because mathematics is grounded in a priori intuition, it is a peculiarly human activity; 2) the method of mathematics is one of a priori construction, a method only mathematics can employ and: 3) the objects of mathematics are extensive magnitudes. Given these principles, we can use the architectonic idea to have some clarity about how mathematics has dealt with historical development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this essay is to present and analyse the basic assumptions of Leszek Nowak's conception of the unity of science. According to Nowak, the unity of science is manifested in the common application of the method of idealisation in scientific research. In accordance with his conception, regardless of the discipline they represent, researchers go through the same stages in building a theory. Two key ones among them are: introducing idealising assumptions into the representation and then their concretisation. In this view, idealisation is the basis of the scientific method, while other cognitive procedures complement it. Nowak's conception has particular relevance in the context of the dispute between naturalism and anti-naturalism and in the context of the continuing rift between social scientists and natural scientists. It calls into question the anti-naturalist thesis of the ontological uniqueness of social sciences and the resulting methodological consequences. I argue that Nowak's conception is a cognitively valuable contribution to the contemporary epistemology of science, but it also has weaknesses, mainly due to the limitations of applying the idealisation-concretisation scheme in research practice. For it turns out, as I point out in this essay, that many idealising assumptions are not subject to concretisation and that concretisations do not always condition an increase in the explanatory and/or predictive power of the representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most promising options for vindicating Oppenheim and Putnam's unity of science hypothesis is the 'Mentaculus' of Albert and Loewer. I assess whether this promise can be borne out. My focus is on whether the Mentaculus can deliver what Oppenheim and Putnam call the 'unity of laws': the reduction of special science laws to the laws of fundamental physics. I conclude that although the Mentaculus may support a fairly strong form of reductionism, it falls short of upholding the unity of laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated) systems are adaptive immune systems that protect bacteria and archaea from invading mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The Cas protein-CRISPR RNA (crRNA) complex uses complementarity of the crRNA “guide” region to specifically recognize the invader genome. CRISPR effectors that perform targeted destruction of the foreign genome have emerged independently as multi-subunit protein complexes (Class 1 systems) and as single multi-domain proteins (Class 2). These different CRISPR-Cas systems can cleave RNA, DNA, and protein in an RNA-guided manner to eliminate the invader, and in some cases, they initiate programmed cell death/dormancy. The versatile mechanisms of the different CRISPR-Cas systems to target and destroy nucleic acids have been adapted to develop various programmable-RNA-guided tools and have revolutionized the development of fast, accurate, and accessible genomic applications. In this review, we present the structure and interference mechanisms of different CRISPR-Cas systems and an analysis of their unified features. The three types of Class 1 systems (I, III, and IV) have a conserved right-handed helical filamentous structure that provides a backbone for sequence-specific targeting while using unique proteins with distinct mechanisms to destroy the invader. Similarly, all three Class 2 types (II, V, and VI) have a bilobed architecture that binds the RNA-DNA/RNA hybrid and uses different nuclease domains to cleave invading MGEs. Additionally, we highlight the mechanistic similarities of CRISPR-Cas enzymes with other RNA-cleaving enzymes and briefly present the evolutionary routes of the different CRISPR-Cas systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ISTEM is the property of ISTEM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of the Faculty of Political Science / Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of The Faculty of Political Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Following the theological grounding of spiritual formation in a previous study, this paper explores how we can approach the topic of faith growth in a way that maintains both human responsibility and the divine supremacy of grace. To this end, the threefold path of via purgativa – via illuminativa – via unitiva will be explored in a new way, rather than the stair-step paths of the mystical tradition. Further on, the spiritual and religious dimensions of spiritual formation will be presented, integrating Diana J. Chandler’s model with the trinity of the Great Commandment. According to the Great Commandment, the triune unity of God–man–fellow man is the space of spiritual formation. It is based on a personal intimate relationship with God, in which God has the priority. A fruitful, ethical life lived towards one’s neighbour comes from this personal, spiritual formation based on a spiritual relationship with God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely acknowledged that experiences serve as a foundation for a renewed recognition and interpretation of architecture, fostering a sense of unity. Numerous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of drawing in the cognitive process and conceptualization of architecture. Consequently, drawing has emerged as a disciplinary tool that generates new knowledge. This paper argues that drawing, as a mindful bodily act, embodies perception and serves as an experiential report. This study examines drawing as a situated action, involving the entire body in perceiving, comprehending, and communicating lived spaces. The findings suggest that in situ drawing facilitates a series of encounters, enabling a profound exploration of lived spaces. This act of drawing, serving as a means to question and engage with the environment, represents a form of embodied cognition that is externalized to convey a unique experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to clarify the concept of the symbolic constitution and to explain one of its most significant functions: the representation of political unity in complex societies. Section B briefly outlines the concept of the symbolic constitution which informs the arguments of the paper. The next two sections proceed "hermeneutically" through critical engagements with (i) Martin Loughlin's recent analysis of the symbolic constitution within an ideology-critique of neo-liberal constitutionalism (ii) Niklas Luhmann's account of the role of symbolic constitutionalism in concealing the function of the modern constitution as a structural coupling between the political and legal sub-systems. Section E then considers the relationship between the symbolic constitution and an alternative "traditional" concept for the representation of political unity: the common good. I argue that the symbolic constitution is both (i) a placeholder which speaks to the abiding relevance of the common good (ii) a symptom of the decline of its preconditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having both similarities with and differences from dao 道 , yi 一 is an important concept which occupies an important position in early Daoist thought. As is the case with dao , "oneness" can also be traced back to the Laozi and subsequently went through a complex process of conceptual change. As a foundational concept, it serves as a description of dao while also referring to the innermost basis for the emergence and unity of everything that exists. As the foundation of the dao of political authority and effective governance, "oneness" refers to a basic principle and method which the ruler should grasp and put into practice 執一 , but also designates an elementary goal and value in the ruler's own process of self-cultivation 貴一. In comparison to the idea of dao , the concept of "oneness" approaches the relation between the one and the many as entailing a rich variety of relations of identity/difference and commonality/diversity which manifest themselves within the myriad things and affairs in the world in a more direct manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pope Francis has published the bull of convocation for the Ordinary Jubilee of the year 2025, titled "Spes non confundit", under the motto "hope does not disappoint". In the document, he invites the faithful to be signs of hope, highlights the importance of hope in the Christian life, and establishes the dates and modalities of the jubilee event. The importance of patience and hope is emphasized, the opening of the Holy Door in various basilicas is announced, and people are invited to participate in this journey of faith and hope. The Pope calls for welcoming and responsibility towards exiles and refugees, promoting unity among different Christian communities, and highlighting the importance of hope in the Christian faith. [Extracted from the article]

This paper investigates the development of a novel analytic approach for computing Unity Magnitude (UM) shapers that deviates from established numerical methodologies. The experimental validation on a test bench confirms the practicality and benefits of the suggested UM shaper technique. The study extends the use of UM shapers to improve the control of wind conversion systems (WCSs), particularly those including hybrid excitation synchronous generators (HESGs), demonstrating their adaptability and versatility. Experimental validation guarantees real-world application, confirming the suggested UM shapers' trustworthiness. Strict management is still required to assure the system's efficiency and dependability. In reality, the dynamic equations of a turbine, as well as those of an HESG, are substantially nonlinear; most system parameters are very uncertain; and, finally, a WCS is always impacted by disturbance sources such as load variations, harmonics, and mechanical vibrations. Robust control measures must be used to overcome these issues. A CRONE controller (Robust Fractional Order Control) of the second generation is created. A comparative study performed on the Simulink platform reveals substantial gains brought about by UM shapers in real-world circumstances. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of UM-shaped inputs in mechanical stabilization and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), emphasizing both theoretical soundness and practical advantages. The analytic equations for UM shapers in undamped and damped systems, offered together with a real-time algorithm, contribute to the optimization of wind conversion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines whether federalism promotes unity through diversity. Topics discussed include reason that federalism necessarily reduces unity, one reason why polarization has become so bad, and ways centralized enforcement of some types of individual rights can facilitate foot voting in the private sector between private institutions.

Juedi Tiantong occurred in ancient China and was the critical foundation for understanding the relationship between Tian and man in China. From the perspective of conceptual history, Juedi Tiantong not only shaped the metaphysical dimension of the concept of Tian, but also transformed the original religious form of communication between man and natural gods into the unity of human nature and Tiandao, which liberated the relationship between Tian and man from the religious field. Therefore, Juedi Tiantong should be regarded as the critical basis of the unity of heaven and man in Chinese philosophy. Furthermore, as an important religious revolution, Juedi Tiantong also affected people's understanding of nature, which was mainly reflected in the recognition of astronomy and calendar reform. In ancient China, it was difficult to distinguish between humanity and astronomy, science and religion, and rationality and divinity. In this case, Juedi Tiantong also abstracted Tian, originally representing the physical sky, into a metaphysical concept. Accordingly, the concept of Tian in Chinese philosophy has not developed the same meaning of nature as Western civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses determinants of the ecumenical impetus' weakening in the second half of the twentieth century. This situation invokes a key question about the purpose of the ecumenical journey. Despite the complexity and multiplicity of problems dividing the Churches, it was acknowledged that the main reason for stagnation was differences in understanding the Church. The Dominus Iesus declaration represented a kind of caesura, one marking a divergence in the aims of the ecumenical path, especially in Catholic–Protestant relations. Since then, certain statements on the Protestant side signal a clear attempt at distancing themselves from the concept of visible unity. They have come to prefer an alternative model of a community of Churches. Some have, in turn, put forward arguments for the apparent nature of such an alternative. In fact, the realisation of the Church's visible unity can only take place "through" and "in" the community of various Churches. The Church herself is the assembly (community) of all peoples and nations in one people under God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the molecular picture for the D s 1 (2460) and D s 1 (2536) resonances, which are dynamically generated by the interaction of coupled channels, the most important of which are the D ∗ K for the D s 1 (2460) and D K ∗ for the D s 1 (2536) , we evaluate the ratio of decay widths for the B ¯ s 0 → D s 1 (2460) + K - and B ¯ s 0 → D s 1 (2536) + K - decays, the latter of which has been recently investigated by the LHCb collaboration, and we obtain a ratio of the order of unity. The present results should provide an incentive for the related decay into the D s 1 (2460) resonance to be performed, which would provide valuable information on the nature of these two resonances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports novel, compact, and additively manufactured quadrupole mass filters (QMFs) with adequate filtering performance for practical mass spectrometry applications. The QMFs are monolithically fabricated via vat photopolymerization of glass‐ceramic resin using 57 µm × 57 µm × 100 µm voxels, and selective electroless plating of nickel‐boron. Experimental characterization of QMF prototypes at 1.74 MHz using FC‐43 yields 131 Da peaks with 0.50 Da full width at half maximum (260 resolution), surpassing the resolution of reported miniaturized counterparts under similar conditions, and being on par with commercial, non‐miniaturized, heavier devices. The sensitivity of the 3D‐printed devices is estimated at 0.13 mA Torr−1 (comparable to that of optimized, commercial counterparts), while the devices attained up to 250 Da of mass range (limited by the driving electronics). The work is of interest to low‐cost, capable mass spectrometry, 3D‐printed instruments, and in‐space manufacturing of complex instrumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept of sublime has a long record. The record refers usually to ancient Greece but in modern time emerged a challenge, That sublime debated under aesthetics. Kant debated the sublime in his philosophy under aesthetics too. Imagination has special importance in discussion of the sublime. This discussion has other aspects in Kant's philosophy that we must regard to them. In critique of pure reason, imagination participates with understanding and sense, consequently in current interpretations Kant's work is epistemology; it provides conditions of possibility of objectivity in first critique. But in Critique of the Power of Judgment, imagination has a free operation in test judgment, it is in a free harmony with understanding. In theory of the sublime, imagination has relation with reason here feeling of the sublime is similar to morel feeling. Thus it reveals the unity of total determination of man. Therefore we understand the nature as exhibition of supersensible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trans-phenomenology of Emmanuel Levinas has helped expose the totalising dynamic that has marked much of Western philosophy. The quest for a unity of knowledge in the truth assimilates any hint of otherness into more of the same. Plurality becomes a source of violence and dissent regarded as decay. Levinasian perspectives, however, and recent developments in magisterial teaching in the Roman Catholic Church point to a more ethical approach that can begin to escape the dialectic binary of the same and the other and so help avoid static conceptions of truth and unity. Religious truth and ecclesial unity, in other words, are explored in this paper for their ethical–dialogical quality. Indeed, the asymmetrical priority of dissent within this dialogical approach offers positive soteriological significance for the church rather than seeing dissent as a threat. Such an approach can enable the church to take plurality and diversity seriously in the current context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay takes initial steps on a journey with an Irish eco-spiritual philosopher, the late John Moriarty. As a gateway into his broader oeuvre and way of thinking, we explore Moriarty's image of the Christian mystical Easter journey—the Triduum Sacrum—as a vision for humanity and the planet. After briefly reviewing his spiritual biography, we consider Moriarty's re-framing of the story as a journey to the bottom of a symbolic Grand Canyon, a mystical trail beyond historical time to a primordial unity before the evolution of the species. There, the total integration of the natural ecumene is experienced. For Moriarty, this journey leads not only into the past, but prefigures a pilgrimage that everyone can—and should—take. Analyzing primarily his own writing, we highlight the intercultural roots and ecumenical connections of Moriarty's work, which draws extensively on spiritual traditions and contemporary debates from across the world. On that basis, we sign-post directions for further research into a potential post-Christian ecology as a new way of thinking about the earth and our role on it, based on an attitude of Gelassenheit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religion is one of the central themes of the young Hegel. This is where intellectual problems arise, the treatment of which led him to discover his speculative way of thinking. Starting in the footsteps of Kant's ethicotheology, Hegel quickly realized that religion cannot be a vehicle for introducing autonomous morality. Under titles such as love and life, he then develops a kind of Spinozist thinking of unification of everything, including the finite and the infinite. However, it turns out that the quasi-divine performance of unity cannot be thought of as such, since thinking is bound to discursive forms of reflection that are always mediated through differences. As soon as the religious performance of unity is to be thought of, it slips away from the form of reflection. This problem can be solved if, on the one hand, the differential form of thinking is brought into a self-application and, on the other hand, difference itself is put into the performance of unity, even if it is named as absolute. The former becomes the nucleus of the figure of negation characteristic for Hegel's speculative thinking; the latter leads to an understanding of the absolute as spirit, which, according to its self-being, which encompasses difference, is always for the other and is known by the other. Religion brings this to mind in the form of imagination, according to Hegel's later concept of religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clitic pronoun ne and the functional element de introducing nominal constituents have many nominal and prepositional functions across Romance languages. In this article, we focus on the nominal functions, singling out three different bundles of semantic features that characterize both ne and de. They can denote properties of individual entities, properties of kinds, or predicate properties. The article shows that Catalan ne and de display the three types of denotation, while Italian ne and de only display the first one. This article further supports the hypothesis that the indefinite determiner de can be overt or silent, thereby unifying de-phrases (and the Italian partitive article) with bare nouns. The analysis of de as an indefinite determiner is then extended to adjectival de, which is claimed to mark concord features on adjectives in both Catalan and Italian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]