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Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales is the property of Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente artículo aborda la compleja relación de Franz Kafka con su identidad judía, explorando la intersección entre su biografía, escritos y contexto cultural. A través de su literatura personal, Kafka retrató la tensión entre la asimilación y la tradición, rebelándose contra la primera a través de una búsqueda de un ideal del yo judío en múltiples facetas de la judeidad: desde el yidishismo hasta el sionismo. Su búsqueda representó un desafío a la dinámica de la asimilación y fue un intento de emanciparse de la totalizante figura de su padre, Hermann, quien encarna las consecuencias de la asimilación en la autonarración de Kafka. La búsqueda del yo judío llevó a Kafka a enfrentar tensiones inherentes a la experiencia del antisemitismo, pero también al anhelo por una identidad estable que, al igual que muchos de sus contemporáneos, supuso la búsqueda de toda una vida.

A través de la figura de Jean Contoux, hijo parisino de Juan Montalvo, este artículo sigue la trayectoria de ecuatorianos de renombre, como los diplomáticos Víctor Manuel Rendón, los hermanos José y Miguel Seminario y Enrique Dorn y de Alsúa que, en su momento, se encontraron vinculados con la historia cultural o política francesa.

This article analyzes several patterns of antisemitism in twentieth-century Latin America. It identifies historical moments when carriers of social and political ideas projected negative images of Jews, sometimes pushing anti-Jewish policies and at times leading violent actions against Jews. Thus, antisemitism served to mobilize in defense of national identity; as a reaction to Jewish peddlers perceived as a threat to national economies; as a basis for the generalized rejection of “undesirable refugees” during World War II and the Holocaust; and as a Cold War phenomenon, along with anticommunism and neo-Nazism. Like other forms of xenophobia, antisemitism was grounded in prejudice and the demonization of a supposed enemy rather than being based on verified evidence. Analysis suggests that antisemitism has been deeply rooted in Latin America and has manifested over time with changing historical and social constellations. At the same time, while Judeophobic prejudices and actions have been intimidating and have at times precluded the legal immigration of Jews, antisemitism has rarely become dominant or led to systemic social discrimination, massive expulsion, or mass genocide, unlike in Europe.

A partir de un conjunto de cartas y documentos de Marshall T. Meyer, rabino estadounidense enviado a la Argentina como representante del movimiento judío conservador (masorti), se indaga la representación del antisemitismo y de la violencia política antes, durante y después del período de la última dictadura militar. En particular, el foco se coloca en investigar los motivos por los cuales en la transición democrática (1983-1985) el antisemitismo pasó a ser una bandera de denuncia intersectorial para nombrar “todas las formas de violencia” y en el marco del anhelo de recuperación democrática. Se estudian los “usos” del Holocausto y los momentos de su habilitación para referenciar la experiencia argentina.

En mayo de 1983, la cadena estadounidense NBC estrenó la película Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number, dirigida por Linda Yellen. El film, destinado a la emisión televisiva, fue una adaptación del libro testimonial del periodista y empresario Jacobo Timerman, editado al inglés en Estados Unidos en 1981. Tomando la obra de Timerman como referencia y a partir de numerosos trabajos teóricos-metodológicos que han abordado al cine como documento para las ciencias sociales se analizó cómo la película representó y caracterizó a la última dictadura militar argentina.

En la Argentina de finales de la década de 1930 e inicios de la siguiente, gran parte de las discusiones políticas fueron expresadas bajo la mirada de los conflictos mundiales contemporáneos. Los discursos, las concepciones del mundo y las polarizaciones impulsadas por la guerra civil española y la Segunda Guerra Mundial se instalaron fuertemente en el ámbito político. Aquel escenario favoreció la conformación de una amplia y variada alianza suprapartidaria que encontró un elemento aglutinante en el antifascismo. El “ala alemana” de este heterogéneo movimiento estaba integrada por militantes germanoparlantes provenientes de distintas extracciones geográficas, sociales, religiosas e ideológicas, cuya diversidad se refleja en el hecho de que algunos de sus miembros se autopercibían como pertenecientes a la izquierda política, liberales, pacifistas, humanistas o, incluso, como verdaderamente nacionalsocialistas.

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The article analyzes the emergence of Christian anti-Judaism in Late Antiquity and its relationship with modern antisemitism. It examines the anti-Jewish discourse in the praxis of the population and in the addressees. It also relates fundamental texts of the genesis of antisemitism in the 19th and 20th centuries to the late antique anti-Jewish discourse. The text concludes that anti-Judaism was not an inherent characteristic of Christianity and that there were tensions and possible different interpretations regarding the Jews. In the study of modern antisemitism, the difference between anti-Judaism and antisemitism is highlighted, and Wilhelm Marr is mentioned as one of the first to use the term "antisemitism" in the 19th century. [Extracted from the article]

Reseña: Teter, M. (2020). Blood Libel. On the Trail of an Antisemitic Myth. Cambridge-Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 560 pp. ISBN: 978-06-74240933.

Juan Pablo II no sólo expresó sus ideas políticas y sociales a través de Encíclicas y discursos, sino también a través de la diplomacia y diversas acciones cargadas de simbolismo. Acciones que tuvieron por objetivo mostrar como ejemplo a los pertenecientes de ambas religiones, la paz subyacente entre sus líderes religiosos. De lo anterior, aunque muchos datos biográficos y logros han sido tenidos en cuenta por los biógrafos de Wojtyla, el acercamiento generado entre cristianos y judíos es quizás uno de los puntos menos profundizados en las reflexiones históricas sobre la labor de Wojtyla.

This paper deals with the reception of M. I. Artamonov's (1898-1972) and L. N. Gumilev's (1912-1992) works focused on the history of Khazar Khaganate and their position in the context of Soviet academia. The paper is based on the prosographical approach to the topic and comparative analysis of primary texts published by Gumilev and Artamonov, mainly in the 1960s and 1970s. The main aim of the study is to analyze and reflect on their findings in the broader context of the Soviet academic discourse and intellectual milieu of Russian nationalists. I argue that Gumilev's radical revision of the history of Khazar Khaganate far exceeded previous Artamonov's findings and attracted the attention of Russian nationalist groups of the post-Stalinist era mainly due to its antisemitic narrative. Furthermore, despite the ever-present ambivalence of Gumilev's contact with Russian nationalists during the 1970s, he was heavily affected by the unstable relationship between Russian nationalists and the official Soviet regime. During that time, Gumilev faced strong censorship of his texts, and his most radical revisionist study focused on the Khazaria was eventually published only posthumously in 1993. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Methaodos: Social Science Journal / Methaodos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicacion y Sociologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El racismo como fenómeno social, como forma de odio, como ideología y como práctica ha estado durante mucho tiempo en el centro de los estudios sociológicos. El estudio del racismo, de sus lógicas, semánticas, distintas articulaciones, así como de sus bases material y simbólica ha interesado a los científicos sociales durante décadas, pero en todo ese tiempo ha habido una clara ausencia de estudios sobre como contestar eficazmente al racismo. Basándonos en estudios sobre racismo, estudios críticos del discurso y Teoría Crítica, hemos llevado a cabo un análisis empírico-teórico de 149 herramientas de contestación al discurso de odio racista. Partiendo de una crítica inmanente del racismo, presentamos siete lecciones básicas que las herramientas de contestación al discurso de odio racista habrían de cumplir idealmente, para una contestación eficaz al discurso de odio racista.

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los estereotipos de grupo son representaciones sociales en forma de ideas o creencias, y en ellos pueden sustentarse los odios de grupo. Uno de estos odios es el antisemitismo o judeofobia que, aunque su presencia es verificable, es escasamente abordado. La razón de esta escasez puede relacionarse con la complejidad del fenómeno. En general, en todos los estereotipos ocurre que, en la medida en que sean cognitivos, constituyen un campo fértil para la educación. A fin de detectar los estereotipos de grupo, la adolescencia es una edad apropiada, porque el juicio moral ya está formado, y tratarlos podría contribuir a la educación en valores durante esta etapa evolutiva. Se administró un cuestionario de autoinforme a 321 estudiantes de entre 16 y 18 años, en cuatro ciudades de tres países sudamericanos. Asimismo, se realizaron entrevistas a especialistas. Los estudiantes consultados no habían tenido contacto directo con judíos al momento del estudio. El objetivo de la gestión del cuestionario, basada en las premisas del Test de Asociación Implícita, fue obtener palabras asociadas a la voz “judío”. Los resultados indican que casi la mitad de los términos asociados tenían una connotación negativa, vinculada con la noción del dominio. La inclusión en el currículo escolar de algunas explicaciones de este fenómeno podrá ayudar a atenuarlo.

The objective of this essay is to think, through the text Elements of Antisemitism by Horkheimer and Adorno, if the phenomenon of antisemitism, analyzed at the time, indicates a rupture with the antisemitism of the end of the 19th century or also its continuity, which is configured in different shape. For this, at first, considerations are presented concerning the propositions of other authors, who tend to interpret that the ticket mentality, as shown in the seventh part of the work, would reveal a new form of anti-Semitism in contrast to the one shown in the previous six elements. Subsequently, excerpts from the first six elements are compared with the seventh, highlighting what was already indicated similarly to what was developed in the last. It was evident that, if, on the one hand, the ticket mentality was only presented in the seventh element, on the other hand, it was already under management in the previous six, revealing that what was considered new in this phenomenon is in fact, old; that is, the former form was effectively the serpent's egg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Edad de Oro is the property of Departamento de Filologia Espanola de la Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Investigacion Educativa is the property of Universidad ORT Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Decolonial Horizons / Horizontes Decoloniales is the property of Pluto Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el discurso sobre las razas en Tacuara y sus agrupaciones derivadas, en el contexto de las mutaciones transnacionales del racismo luego de la posguerra. En la primera parte del trabajo, se investigan las figuras del antisemitismo en el Movimiento Nacionalista Tacuara (MNT), el Movimiento Nueva Argentina (MNA) y el Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario Tacuara (MNRT), con posturas sobre la “cuestión judía” que oscilaron entre el racismo biológico, el racismo culturalista, el antisionismo y la crítica a la discriminación racial. En la segunda parte, se estudia la recepción de las categorías de raza, clase y tercer mundo en las dos fracciones que dividieron al MNRT. Para desarrollar estos argumentos, se examina la prensa política de estas organizaciones, como el periódico Tacuara. Vocero de la juventud nacionalista, el boletín Ofensiva, Barricada del nacionalismo revolucionario, Tacuara del manchón y Nueva Argentina. A la muestra se suman otros documentos provenientes de la Dirección de Inteligencia de la Policía de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (DIPBA), una entrevista al MNA de la revista Vea y Lea, semanarios como Primera Plana, Panorama y Mundo israelita.

Resenha de: YALOM, Irvin D. O enigma de Espinosa: a história do filósofo judeu que influenciou uma das maiores mentes nazistas. Tradução Maria Helena Rouanet. 1ªEd. Rio de Janeiro: Harper Collins, 2019. 432p.

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es examinar cómo se conceptualizó la noción de teatro judío entre los años de la aventura boulangista y las postrimerías del afer Dreyfus, período histórico en que se formó la cultura política contrarrevolucionaria. A través de los escritos y críticas teatrales de las revistas y periódicos nacionalistas y antisemitas más representativos, tales como La Cocarde, La Libre Parole, Le Soleil, L’Œuvre, L’Action française bi-mensuelle, L’Action française y La Revue Critique des Idées et des Livres, el artículo pretende analizar los tropos culturales, intelectuales y expresivos que sirvieron de base para modelar el concepto de teatro judío como expresión racial de la desazón de los sectores nacionalistas antisemitas a los profundos cambios provocados por la modernidad.

Usando la novela María de Jorge Isaacs, se busca analizar cómo las masculinidades se representan a través del personaje principal de Efraín, con el propósito de ver en qué aspectos la masculinidad colombiana decimonónica se moldea a las ideas de masculinidad establecidas por las corrientes dominantes del siglo XIX. Para esto, se analizan dos aspectos de la novela: primero, el componente cristiano, representado a través de la relación entre Efraín y María, y el fracaso de la familia, que funciona como alegoría para referirse al cristianismo; y, segundo, la escena de la caza del tigre, que sirve como ejemplo claro de la construcción del hombre viril por la dicotomía entre Efraín y Braulio. Para entender el arquetipo del macho viril moderno, es necesario entender el proceso de la construcción de las masculinidades que, a su vez, refleja la construcción de las nuevas nacionalidades latinoamericanas que empezaron a tomar forma durante el siglo XIX.

En los últimos años se han disparado los crímenes de odio en Europa, especialmente aquellos contra minorías. En este clima de odio generalizado, hay un grupo sobre el que se está concentrando buena parte de las acciones violentas. Me estoy refiriendo al antisemitismo, una plaga presente en Europa desde hace siglos pero que en los últimos años se está disparando. Atentados como los Halle o Hanau en Alemania o el Port de Vincennes son solo un ejemplo del clima de antisemita que se vive en Europa. Debido a esta hostilidad, que, si bien no es exclusivamente antisemita si que ha puesto en el centro a la comunidad judía, la Comisión Europea se ha visto obligada a elaborar una estrategia para mejorar la situación de los judíos en Europa. Por ello este trabajo, tratará de evaluar en que medida esta estrategia es adecuada para la problemática que sufre Europa haciendo una revisión del antisemitismo imperante en Europa y como el documento se adapta a las necesidades de la comunidad judía de nuestro continente. Recibido: 21 abril 2022 Aceptado: 27 mayo 2022

Drawing on Althusser's concept of interpellation, various newspaper articles, and extensive memoir and autobiographical material, the author explores the "introjection" of Nazi anti-Semitic ideology among Carinthian Slovenes, focusing on the period between 1933 and 1941. The author pays particular attention to Carinthian Slovenes' reactions to the violence against and the persecution and removal of (not only) the Jewish population from public, social and economic life, whereby she notes that Nazi anti-Semitic ideology also aroused dissent and resistance. This is illustrated through several examples of solidarity and support, such as friendly transgenerational ties, the "first anti-Hitler action" of the local women against the "Aryanisation" of the Jewish store and the persecution of its owners -- the Scharfberg family -- from Eisenkappel/Železna kapla, hiding a Jewish child in the family environment, or offering assistance in escaping, which included "smuggling" the expropriated merchant couple -- the Dicksteins -- from Ferlach/Borovlje over the border to Yugoslavia, from where they managed to escape to Palestine. The testimonials by Carinthian Slovenes speak of the pogroms against Jews in November 1938, which they had personally witnessed, the extreme brutality of violence, and the mass murders of Jews on the battlefield, in prisons, and elsewhere. In Jožef Šorli's case, the crimes against the Jews in Poland triggered his decision to desert the Wehrmacht and join the Partisans. Carinthian Slovenes often linked the "fate" of Jews to their own fate -- be it expected or real. They spoke of the burning on 30 April 1938 of school textbooks said to be threatening the "purity of the Aryan spirit" and of the dehumanising associative link between the Jews and the Slavs/Slovenes, the retarded, the crippled. With her book of testimonies, Ana Jug-Olip, a survivor of the Ravensbrück women's concentration camp, builds up a literary monument to not only the Slovene women (and men) of Carinthia, but also to the Jewish women, the Romani women, and their children. The article demonstrates that autobiographical sources constitute an important corrective to the press of the time, especially to the weekly Koroški Slovenec, which up until its closedown in March 1941 advocated strongly anti-Semitic views, partly drawn from the Nazi ideological arsenal. The article thus disproves the belief that in the texts or statements of Carinthian Slovenes of the time, "one would search in vain for views expressing solidarity with the persecuted Jews". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Políticos is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto is the property of Universidad de Deusto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Communication / Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación is the property of Revista Mediterranea de Comunicacion / Mediterranean Journal of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wesley Swift was an American religious minister with a key role in the formation of Christian Identity, an anti-Semitic Christian theo-political paradigm at the service of the post-war far right. This article traces the influences that inspired Swift and his resignifications according to the needs of the extreme right in the specific context of general paranoia during the first decades of the Cold War. Analyzing Swift's theo-politics from his anthropology, soteriology, demonology, and eschatology allows us to understand the process of genesis of a cult like Christian Identity, which seems marginal and exotic, but has a lot to do with the context in which it appeared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the figure and work of Uriel Tal, an Israeli historian from Tel Aviv University. His main work, "Christians and Jews in Germany," focuses on the German Jewish community and its relationship with the Christian community during the Second Reich (1870-1914). Uriel Tal is a little-known figure in the Jewish intellectual landscape of the 20th century. His daughter, Judy Tal, never found an explanation for his suicide in 1984. The text analyzes the relationship between anti-Semitism and German society from 1870 to 1914. Several philosophers and thinkers who had an influence on anti-Semitism are mentioned, such as Friedrich Lange, Theodor Fritsch, Ludwig Feuerbach, Bruno Bauer, and Voltaire. The author emphasizes that anti-Semitism is not resolved solely through religious conversion but has a biological component. The text analyzes the relationship between the German state and the Jewish community, highlighting the exclusion and discrimination faced by Jewish citizens in Germany. The article discusses anti-Semitism in history, highlighting both Christian and anti-Christian anti-Semitism. The author warns that harassment and intolerance towards Jews still persist today and must be fought against. The article "Belonging. The Story of the Jews 1492-1900" by Simon Schama, published in Jewish Notebooks, addresses the history of Jews from 1492 to 1900. The author examines the sense of belonging of this community throughout the centuries, highlighting the challenges and achievements they faced. The article offers a detailed insight into Jewish history and its evolution in different historical contexts. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the Roman legislation of the Theodosian Code, focusing on Book XVI, which deals with the restrictions imposed on the Jews of the Roman Empire, during Late Antiquity, in the process of Christianization of the empire. An analysis is carried out on the impacts of this legislation on the formation of anti-Jewish discourses and against the "Judaizers" and if the legislation itself would have influenced the anti-Semitic thought that emerged in the 19th century, present during the 20th century. This is a basic historical research of a qualitative, exploratory approach with documentary and bibliographical technical procedures. The work is anchored in theoretical references on Roman and Jewish History and Historiography, such as: Borger (1999); Mendes and Otero (2005); Rutgers (1994); Blanchetière (1983); Millar (1994); Silva (2010); Lieu (1994); Williams (2000); Barclay (1996); Feldman (1993); Ruether (1997); Messadié (2003); Poliakov (1996) and Spinelli (2003). The results emphasize that religious intolerance and anti-Semitism are issues that are present in everyday life, just as they were in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuing the work of Aronis and Aoki (2021), this essay focuses on contemporary installations of swastikas on U.S. campuses and uses a media ecology theoretical approach to expand on the technological operation of the swastika in the service of antisemitism. The author examines the matter and medium of the swastika, along with its doing, in order to deconstruct its violent, harassing, and threatening nature--for the U.S. university Jewish community, as well as for other potentially affected minoritized and racialized communities. Through five lenses of technological, material, and communicative exploration--assembling, dual act of marking, space/time bias, (re)mediation, and prescription--the author explains how installed swastikas create a traumatizing effect for Jewish university members. This may assist scholars and practitioners regarding education on the topic and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study on Antisemitic hate speech in Twitter in the period September 2019 - May 2020, with a particular focus on the months of the Covid-19 emergency. The corpus, consisting of 160.646 tweets selected by keywords, was investigated in terms of the amount of hate for each month, rhetoric and forms of Antisemitism. The analysis is carried out through social network analysis (SNA) techniques, with the goal of understanding whether it is possible to automate the process of identifying Antisemitic hatred. 26.11% of tweets contain hatred, that prejudice is the most common rhetoric (44%) and association with financial power the prevailing form (74%). The sample was also compared with another research methodology that only detects the presence of hate words. It emerges that, in addition to an in-depth knowledge of the phenomenon, it is necessary to integrate the automatic classification phase with the manual contribution. Antisemitismo e Covid-19 in Twitter. La ricerca dell’odio online tra automatismi e valutazione qualitativa. L’articolo presenta un caso studio sul discorso d’odio antisemita in Twitter nel periodo settembre 2019 - maggio 2020, con un particolare affondo sui mesi dell’emergenza Covid-19. Il corpus, composto da 160.646 tweet selezionati per parole chiave, è stato indagato in termini di quantità di odio per mese, retoriche utilizzate e forme di antisemitismo. L’analisi è svolta attraverso le tecniche di social network analysis (SNA), con l’obiettivo di capire se sia possibile automatizzare il processo di individuazione dell’odio antisemita. Il 26.11% dei tweet contiene odio, che il pregiudizio è la retorica più presente (44%) e l’associazione al potere finanziario la forma prevalente (74%). Il campione è stato altresì confrontato con un’altra metodologia di ricerca che rileva la sola presenza di hate words. Emerge che, oltre una conoscenza approfondita del fenomeno, occorre integrare la fase di classificazione automatica con l’apporto manuale.

Se ofrece en este artículo la edición y traducción de un texto inédito anónimo en defensa de los conversos, escrito al calor de la revuelta toledana de 1449 por algún clérigo burgalés –de acuerdo con nuestras conjeturas– cercano al obispo Alonso de Cartagena. De igual manera que otros textos coetáneos (el Defensorium de Alonso de Cartagena, en efecto, la Instrucción del Relator de Fernán Díaz de Toledo o el Tratado contra los madianitas e israelitas de Juan de Torquemada), nuestro texto busca refutar con argumentos teológico-jurídicos las razones anticonversas, pero su peculiaridad distintiva es la de dirigirse directamente a los propios conversos en un tono de hondo patetismo: se trata de una suerte de consolatio pro conversis frente a las acusaciones y persecuciones de los cristianos viejos. El inédito forma parte de un códice de la Librería Gótica de la Catedral de Oviedo, de cuyos contenidos se ofrece una descripción exhaustiva.

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Entre 1700 y 1758, alrededor de 800 mujeres fueron castigadas por practicar la ley de Moisés en España. Consideramos por ello importante estudiar el papel de las mujeres criptojudías en el contexto histórico de la primera mitad del siglo xviii para poder investigar las razones por las que la Inquisición las consideró como su principal amenaza y objetivo de persecución. En un principio, se dará un breve contexto político-cultural de las primeras décadas del siglo xviii para entender el porqué del despertar del acoso inquisitorial contra las culturas criptojudías. De ahí, se señalará la importancia de las mujeres en dicho ámbito para luego pasar al estudio de los autos de fe, la presencia de las mujeres en dichos procesos y el poder propagandístico de las publicaciones de los autos de fe en forma de relaciones.

Desde mediados del siglo XIX, muchos arabistas e historiadores han hablado de «la España musulmana». En las últimas décadas, varios autores han criticado esta expresión, en la que ven una españolización de al-Andalus fruto del nacionalismo decimonónico. Estas críticas, aun siendo en parte certeras, han impedido advertir que el éxito de la locución «España musulmana» no se debió tanto a la españolización como a la desarabización de al-Andalus. La españolización de al-Andalus ya era habitual antes del siglo XIX: hasta bien entrada esa centuria, bastaba aludir al influjo del clima ibérico para convertir a los árabes en españoles. Lo novedoso en la segunda mitad del XIX fue el triunfo del racialismo. Los caracteres nacionales, hasta entonces vinculados casi siempre a las condiciones geográficas, pasaron a entenderse como producto de la herencia biológica. Y se hizo preciso sostener (con ayuda del antisemitismo «científico») que los pobladores de al-Andalus no fueron de «raza arábiga». Así la «España árabe» se transformó en la «España musulmana».

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Copyright of Spagna Contemporanea is the property of Viella Editrice srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)