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Based on the meats used in Asian cuisine and the risks they can cause to an individual's health, such as pork, beef and game, depending on the region, it is of great value to analyze bullfrog meat as an alternative to these menus. since the literature considers it to be of excellent quality for health, especially for people who have some type of food allergy. Meat, in general, is not considered a primary food source of calcium, but a few studies with bullfrog meat have reported the presence of high levels of this mineral in this food. This bioavailability is similar to that of calcium present in milk and its derivatives, suggesting that bullfrog meat can be indicated as a food alternative to combat the lack of this mineral and also to prevent diseases such as osteoporosis, hypertension arterial disease, colon and stomach cancer, among other pathologies. Frog meat also has excellent gourmet characteristics, in addition to being considered a food alternative for nutritional therapy with increased immune system response. The present work aimed to present ways of introducing frog meat into Asian cuisine, aiming to expand its enjoyment, mainly by people with food allergies to proteins of animal origin, as well as offering a healthy diet with low cholesterol and, finally, develop menus that make full use of the bullfrog carcass, with gastronomic and therapeutic recipes.

Cheese whey is an industrial by-product that is generated in excess during the cheese production process in the dairy industry. Despite the potential utility of whey, it continues to pose environmental threats in the industry. This study comprehensively evaluates the utilization of two fermentation techniques (solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation) for producing fungal biomass from cheese whey powder, employing Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, and Neurospora intermedia for sustainable food production. It has been observed that submerged fermentation is more effective in increasing the protein content of whey powder compared to solid-state fermentation. The highest biomass yield was achieved with A. oryzae (5.29 g/L, 0.176 g biomass/g substrate), followed by N. intermedia (3.63 g/L, 0.121 g biomass/g substrate), and R. oryzae (1.9 g/L, 0.063 g biomass/g substrate). In the bubble column reactor, the protein content of the substrate (78.65 g/kg) increased by 165.54 and 176.69% with A. oryzae (208.85 g/kg) and N. intermedia (217.62 g/kg), respectively. This study has demonstrated that whey powder can be converted into protein-rich biomass through fungal bioconversion. The obtained biomass has the potential to be developed as an alternative food and feed source, contributing to waste management and sustainable food production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini and Fanzago) and Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) (Phytoseiidae) are generalist predatory mites important in controlling phytophagous mites on some agricultural crops. The biology of both species as potential biological control agents of the grape erineum mite, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Eriophyidae) on grape leaf disks was studied in the laboratory at 33 ± 1 °C, 60%RH, 12:12 h L:D. The developmental time, survival, and reproductive parameters of P. plumifer and E. scutalis on C. vitis, date palm pollen as well as C. vitis plus date palm pollen were investigated. Both predators, P. plumifer and E. scutalis, thrived on the mixed diet of C. vitis and date palm pollen resulting in a shorter developmental time (6.16 and 6.69 days, respectively), higher oviposition rate (2.11 and 1.96 eggs/female/day, respectively), and higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.251 and 0.229 per female/day, respectively) than on any other diet. Date palm pollen was an adequate alternative food source for P. plumifer and E. scutalis. The results suggest that both predators have good potential to suppress C. vitis populations and that date palm pollen can support the population establishment of both predators in the absence or scarcity of the main prey in the environment. We discuss the relevance of our results for the biocontrol of C. vitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tucumã bran (TB) in diets for slow-growing broilers at initial stage on productive performance, carcass and cuts yields, and proximate composition of the breast. Slow-growing Label Rouge broilers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments, four replications and 12 broilers per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a control diet (without the inclusion of TB in the diets) and three levels of its inclusion (5, 10 and 15%) in the diets. Broilers received the experimental diets from 1 to 28 days of age followed by a basal diet from 29 to 56 days of age. The results of the present study indicated that the inclusion of 15% TB did not affect (p>0.05) feed intake, however, it influenced (p≤0.05) the results of weight gain and feed conversion both in the initial and final stages of management, indicating a possible influence on the use of nutrients containing in the diet. Despite the linear reduction in slaughter weight and in the percentage of available nutrients in the carcass, the increasing inclusion of TB in the diets provided greater carcass yield (p≤0.05) and viscera greater commercial interest (liver, gizzard and heart) (p≤0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cookies in circulation have a high amount of vegetable or animal fat (20-30% based on flour weight) and fiber content low Because material main cookies Which There is in market that is flour flour, necessary innovation for develop product cookies that are low in calories and have high fiber content, Wrong the only one with use material main oats (Avena sativa L.). The aim of this research is to analyze whether OAT (Avena sativa L.) and Raja banana (Musa Paradisiaca L.) can be formulated as cookies that have low calorie content and sensory evaluation of cookies using color, taste, aroma and texture parameters. This research is true experimental research carried out in the laboratory. Cookies made with the composition of oats and plantain are F1 (120gr: 80gr), F2 (150gr: 50gr), F3 (180gr: 20gr). Based on the research results obtained, it is stated that the ash content, water content, carbohydrate content, protein content, fat content and total energy (calories) are respectively as follows: In the control (0.74%; 3.38%; 92.2%; 2.62%; 4.8% and 422kcal), F1 (3.50%; 4.70%; 78.97%; 5.25%; 12.20% and 446 kcal), F2 (3.42%; 4.24%; 70.99; 8.75%; 18.00; .96% and 481%). The results of the sensory test stated the p value: 0.000, which means there is a difference. Oats (Avena sativa L.) and plantains (Musa Paradisiaca L.) can be formulated into low-calorie cookies. Based on the sensory evaluation, it was stated that there were differences in the panelists' preferences for the color, taste, aroma and texture of oat and plantain cookies. In order to carry out further analysis for the application of cookies to mice as a low-calorie diet food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the physicochemical composition and sensory properties of Boursin cheese made from the milk of goats fed diets with increasing levels of cassava chips replacing corn. Eight lactating Alpine goats were distributed into two 4 × 4 Latin squares, where they were subjected to diets in which 0, 33, 66, and 100% of corn was replaced with cassava chips. The cheeses were prepared with individual milk of each goat for physicochemical, yield, and texture analyses. Sensory analysis consisted of flavor and texture appraisal by 50 untrained tasters, using the difference-from-control test and the acceptance test. The cheeses from the four treatments did not differ in their fat, protein, and total solid contents; acidity; moisture; ash; pH; yield; or the texture parameters of gumminess, cohesiveness, hardness, and chewiness. They also showed no difference in the sensory acceptance of flavor and texture, indicating that the panelists did not perceive the replacement of corn with cassava chips.

Cheese whey is an industrial by-product that is generated in excess during the cheese production process in the dairy industry. Despite the potential utility of whey, it continues to pose environmental threats in the industry. This study comprehensively evaluates the utilization of two fermentation techniques (solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation) for producing fungal biomass from cheese whey powder, employing Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, and Neurospora intermedia for sustainable food production. It has been observed that submerged fermentation is more effective in increasing the protein content of whey powder compared to solid-state fermentation. The highest biomass yield was achieved with A. oryzae (5.29 g/L, 0.176 g biomass/g substrate), followed by N. intermedia (3.63 g/L, 0.121 g biomass/g substrate), and R. oryzae (1.9 g/L, 0.063 g biomass/g substrate). In the bubble column reactor, the protein content of the substrate (78.65 g/kg) increased by 165.54 and 176.69% with A. oryzae (208.85 g/kg) and N. intermedia (217.62 g/kg), respectively. This study has demonstrated that whey powder can be converted into protein-rich biomass through fungal bioconversion. The obtained biomass has the potential to be developed as an alternative food and feed source, contributing to waste management and sustainable food production.

Proteinler, aminoasitler tarafından oluşturulan azot içerikli bir besin maddesidir. Vücudumuzda birçok fonksiyona hizmet eden proteinler, sağlıklı bir yaşam için gereklidir. Gün geçtikçe artan dünya nüfusu nedeniyle gıda endüstrisinde bitkisel protein kaynaklarına yönelim hız kazanmıştır. Tüketicilerin hayvansal proteinlere ulaşmasında, artan maliyetler ve sınırlı tedarikler nedenleriyle büyük sıkıntılar çıkabilmektedir. Ayrıca bilinçsiz hayvansal ürün tüketiminin birçok sağlık sorununa neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Çölyak hastalığı veya gluten duyarlılığı gibi sağlık sorunları, bireylerin sağlıklı beslenme yönündeki eğilimleri ve vegan, vejetaryen gibi beslenme tarzları ile bitkisel kaynaklar değer kazanmaktadır. Son zamanlarda bitkisel proteinler, insan beslenmesinde hayvansal kaynağın yanı sıra ürün formülasyonu için fonksiyonel bileşenlerin yerini alan ekonomik ve çok yönlü bir alternatif olarak daha fazla kullanılmaktadır. Bu derleme, bitkisel protein kaynaklarından yağlı tohumlar, tahıllar ve diğer bitkiler hakkında genel bir bilgi vererek bahsedilen bitkisel protein kaynakları ile ilgili gıda alanında yapılan çalışmaları içermektedir.

ABSTRACT Two investigations were developed. The first experiment was to determine the metabolizability of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal. 120 slow-growing, 21-day-old chickens were used. The experimental period was seven days, four for adaptation to diets and three for collection of excreta. The Moringa leaf presented values for apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude energy and neutral detergent fiber, as well as apparent metabolizable energy and corrected metabolizable energy for a nitrogen balance, of 49.77%, 44.48%, 46.26% and 53.02%, and 2,334 kcal/kg, 2,159 kcal/kg respectively. The second experiment was to evaluate the inclusion of Moringa leaf meal in the diets of two hundred and forty slow-growing chickens from one to 80 days of age on performance, carcass characteristics, biometrics of digestive organs and meat color. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (0.75%; 1.50%; 2.25% and 3.00% inclusion of the Moringa leaf), six repetitions and ten chickens per experimental unit; the inclusion levels of the Moringa leaf did not influence (p> 0.05) feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, final weight at 30, 60 and 80 days, carcass, noble cut yields and meat color. The inclusion of Moringa leaf meal can be used up to the 3% level in slow-growing chicken diets, without affecting the productive performance of these animals.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (RBSPA) is the property of Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal (RBSPA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating fish waste oil into laying hens' diets on apparent nutrient digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy. A total of 72 Hisex White laying hens (25 weeks old) were employed in a completely randomized design, with treatments consisting of a control diet and an experimental diet (containing 3.5% fish oil), each with six replicates of six birds. The collected data underwent polynomial regression analysis at a 5% significance level. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter, crude fiber, and nonnitrogenous extract between the reference diet and the experimental diet containing fish waste oil. However, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the digestibility of ethereal extract (fat). Despite this, values for apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance did not exhibit significant differences (p > 0.05) between the reference and experimental diets. In conclusion, the incorporation of 3.5% fish waste oil in laying hens' diets led to satisfactory nutrient digestibility and enhanced fat digestibility. Importantly, this inclusion did not adversely impact energy metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food production in a sustainable way is based on the association between animals and vegetables to minimize costs, environmental impact, and the use of insums in the breeding process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour (Cucurbita pepo L.) in the diet on the performance of early-stage pigs and the reduction of endoparasites in a commercial rearing system. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and six replicates, and the experimental unit consisted of two animals, totaling 36 animals. The treatments were the basal diet and two levels of inclusion of pumpkin seed: 5 and 10%. The animals were of the Agroceres line, with 42 days of age and an average weight of 12 kg. The animals and rations were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the 35-day experimental period to obtain the performance variables. A bromatological analysis was performed to evaluate the composition of pumpkin seed and for parasitic analysis, feces were collected individually from the animal. There was no significant effect for the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability, of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour on in the parameters of weight gain and feed conversion. Was observed the reduction of helminth eggs present in feces using egg count and oocysts per gram of feces (OPG), performed at the beginning and end of the experiment. It is indicated the inclusion of 10% of pumpkin flour in the feeding of pigs in the initial phase by reducing contamination by verminosis and does not alter animal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dünya nüfusunun hızla artmasıyla birlikte enerji krizleri, iklim değişiklikleri, küresel ısınma, gıda yetersizliği ve dengesiz beslenme gibi sorunların beraberinde geleceği tahmin edilmektedir. Bu sorunların öngörülmesiyle birlikte, insanoğlu alternatif gıda kaynaklarına ihtiyaç duymaya başlamıştır. Yüksek besin içerikleri, sağlığa olumlu etkileri ve sürdürülebilirlikleri ile ilgi gören algler, fonksiyonel gıda olmaya aday ürünler olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Deniz florasının yaklaşık %95’ini oluşturan algler, acı, tatlı, tuzlu, alkali sularda ve topraklarda yetişebilmektedir. Ekonomik ve kolay üretime sahip olmaları nedeniyle gelecekte besin ihtiyacının karşılanabileceği kaynaklardır. İmmünomodülatör, antibakteriyel, antioksidan gibi fazla sayıda sağlığa faydalı etkileri ile Alzheimer hastalığı, alerjik hastalıklar, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar gibi birçok hastalığı önleyici etkilere de sahiptir. Özellikle proteinler, lipitler, çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri (PUFA), polisakkaritler, pigmentler ve polifenoller bakımından zengin olan algler, mikroalgler ve makroalgler olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, mikroalglerden olan Spirulina sp. ve Chlorella sp. hakkında literatür taraması yapılmış, besin içeriklerine, sağlık etkilerine ve gıda endüstrisinde yapılan zenginleştirme çalışmalarına kısaca değinilmiştir.

The porang plant is a tuber-producing plant developed because it can increase farmers' income. Sunlight intensity and the growing environment are essential factors that affect the growth and yield of porang plants. The research aims to get the best shade, planting media formulation, and their interaction for the development and outcome of porang plants. This study applied a randomized group design with the factorial pattern. The first factor is 50%, 70%, and 90% shade. The second factor of planting media formulation is soil or control (100%), soil (50%) + rice husk (16.7%) + coffee husk (16.7%) + manure (16.7%), soil (33.3%) + rice husk (33.3%) + waste (33.3%), soil (66.7%) + coffee husk (16.7%) + rice husk 16.7%). The results showed that 90% shading and planting media formulation of soil (33.3%) + rice husk (33.3%) + manure (33.3%) produced the highest growth (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter) and porang yield (tuber weight).

African countries have been severely affected by food insecurity such that 54% of the population (73 million people) are acutely food insecure, in crisis or worse. Recent work has found technical potential for feeding humanity during global catastrophes using leaves as stop-gap alternative foods. To determine the potential for adopting agricultural residue (especially crop leaves) as food in food-insecure areas, this study provides a new methodology to quantify the calories available from agricultural residue as alternative foods at the community scale. A case study is performed on thirteen communities in Nigeria to compare national level values to those available in rural communities. Two residue utilization cases were considered, including a pessimistic and an optimistic case for human-edible calories gained. Here, we show that between 3.0 and 13.8 million Gcal are available in Nigeria per year from harvesting agricultural residue as alternative food. This is enough to feed between 3.9 and 18.1 million people per year, covering from 10 to 48% of Nigeria’s current estimated total food deficit.

In the event of an abrupt sunlight reduction scenario, there is a time window that occurs between when food stores would likely run out for many countries (~6 months or less) and ~1 year when resilient foods are scaled up. A promising temporary resilient food is leaf protein concentrate (LPC). Although it is possible to extract LPC from tree biomass (e.g., leaves and needles), neither the yields nor the toxicity of the protein concentrates for humans from the most common tree species has been widely investigated. To help fill this knowledge gap, this study uses high-resolution mass spectrometry and an open-source toolchain for non-targeted screening of toxins on five common North American coniferous species: Western Cedar, Douglas Fir, Ponderosa Pine, Western Hemlock, and Lodgepole Pine. The yields for LPC extraction from the conifers ranged from 1% to 7.5%. The toxicity screenings confirm that these trees may contain toxins that can be consumed in small amounts, and additional studies including measuring the quantity of each toxin are needed. The results indicate that LPC is a promising candidate to be used as resilient food, but future work is needed before LPCs from conifers can be used as a wide-scale human food.

Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini and Fanzago) and Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) (Phytoseiidae) are generalist predatory mites important in controlling phytophagous mites on some agricultural crops. The biology of both species as potential biological control agents of the grape erineum mite, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Eriophyidae) on grape leaf disks was studied in the laboratory at 33 ± 1 °C, 60%RH, 12:12 h L:D. The developmental time, survival, and reproductive parameters of P. plumifer and E. scutalis on C. vitis, date palm pollen as well as C. vitis plus date palm pollen were investigated. Both predators, P. plumifer and E. scutalis, thrived on the mixed diet of C. vitis and date palm pollen resulting in a shorter developmental time (6.16 and 6.69 days, respectively), higher oviposition rate (2.11 and 1.96 eggs/female/day, respectively), and higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.251 and 0.229 per female/day, respectively) than on any other diet. Date palm pollen was an adequate alternative food source for P. plumifer and E. scutalis. The results suggest that both predators have good potential to suppress C. vitis populations and that date palm pollen can support the population establishment of both predators in the absence or scarcity of the main prey in the environment. We discuss the relevance of our results for the biocontrol of C. vitis.

This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating fish waste oil into laying hens' diets on apparent nutrient digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy. A total of 72 Hisex White laying hens (25 weeks old) were employed in a completely randomized design, with treatments consisting of a control diet and an experimental diet (containing 3.5% fish oil), each with six replicates of six birds. The collected data underwent polynomial regression analysis at a 5% significance level. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter, crude fiber, and non-nitrogenous extract between the reference diet and the experimental diet containing fish waste oil. However, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the digestibility of ethereal extract (fat). Despite this, values for apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance did not exhibit significant differences (p > 0.05) between the reference and experimental diets. In conclusion, the incorporation of 3.5% fish waste oil in laying hens' diets led to satisfactory nutrient digestibility and enhanced fat digestibility. Importantly, this inclusion did not adversely impact energy metabolism.

Here we investigate an effect of alternative food on an eco-epidemiological predatorprey model with disease in predator and allee effect in prey species. We consider type-II functional response between the spices of this model. Here we have discussed local stability of the boundary equilibrium point and the interior equilibrium point. The Hopf Bifurcation analysis around the interior equilibrium point are analyzed. We notice that the system indicate chaotic behaviour at high level infection rate. Again it is observed from the numerical experiments that being present of alternative food and Allee effect, the system reveal a stable characteristics therefore Allee effect and alternative food source significantly play an important role to the control of chaotic dynamics of prey-predator system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of açaí bran (AB) inclusion in diets for laying hens on performance, quality and sensory characteristics of the eggs. A bromatological analysis of AB (seed and peel, resulting from pulping of açaí fruit) was carried out for formulation of experimental diets, which was evaluated in terms of bird performance, quality and sensory characteristics of the eggs. The study lasted 105 days divided into five periods of 21 days. A total of 180 Hisex White laying hens (65-wks-old) were distributed in a completely randomized design with control treatment (without inclusion) and five inclusion levels (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 %) of AB in the diets with five replicates of six birds. The results of the present study indicated that is possible to include until 10% of AB in diets for laying hens with a positive effect (p<0.05) on performance and egg quality, presenting better eggs sensory characteristics. AB presents a great content of fiber, however, its inclusion above 10% caused a negative effect (p<0.05) on performance, quality and sensory characteristics of eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food production in a sustainable way is based on the association between animals and vegetables to minimize costs, environmental impact, and the use of insums in the breeding process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour (Cucurbita pepo L.) in the diet on the performance of early-stage pigs and the reduction of endoparasites in a commercial rearing system. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and six replicates, and the experimental unit consisted of two animals, totaling 36 animals. The treatments were the basal diet and two levels of inclusion of pumpkin seed: 5 and 10%. The animals were of the Agroceres line, with 42 days of age and an average weight of 12 kg. The animals and rations were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the 35-day experimental period to obtain the performance variables. A bromatological analysis was performed to evaluate the composition of pumpkin seed and for parasitic analysis, feces were collected individually from the animal. There was no significant effect for the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability, of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour on in the parameters of weight gain and feed conversion. Was observed the reduction of helminth eggs present in feces using egg count and oocysts per gram of feces (OPG), performed at the beginning and end of the experiment. It is indicated the inclusion of 10% of pumpkin flour in the feeding of pigs in the initial phase by reducing contamination by verminosis and does not alter animal performance.

Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the event of an abrupt sunlight reduction scenario, there is a time window that occurs between when food stores would likely run out for many countries (~6 months or less) and ~1 year when resilient foods are scaled up. A promising temporary resilient food is leaf protein concentrate (LPC). Although it is possible to extract LPC from tree biomass (e.g., leaves and needles), neither the yields nor the toxicity of the protein concentrates for humans from the most common tree species has been widely investigated. To help fill this knowledge gap, this study uses high-resolution mass spectrometry and an open-source toolchain for non-targeted screening of toxins on five common North American coniferous species: Western Cedar, Douglas Fir, Ponderosa Pine, Western Hemlock, and Lodgepole Pine. The yields for LPC extraction from the conifers ranged from 1% to 7.5%. The toxicity screenings confirm that these trees may contain toxins that can be consumed in small amounts, and additional studies including measuring the quantity of each toxin are needed. The results indicate that LPC is a promising candidate to be used as resilient food, but future work is needed before LPCs from conifers can be used as a wide-scale human food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African countries have been severely affected by food insecurity such that 54% of the population (73 million people) are acutely food insecure, in crisis or worse. Recent work has found technical potential for feeding humanity during global catastrophes using leaves as stop-gap alternative foods. To determine the potential for adopting agricultural residue (especially crop leaves) as food in food-insecure areas, this study provides a new methodology to quantify the calories available from agricultural residue as alternative foods at the community scale. A case study is performed on thirteen communities in Nigeria to compare national level values to those available in rural communities. Two residue utilization cases were considered, including a pessimistic and an optimistic case for human-edible calories gained. Here, we show that between 3.0 and 13.8 million Gcal are available in Nigeria per year from harvesting agricultural residue as alternative food. This is enough to feed between 3.9 and 18.1 million people per year, covering from 10 to 48% of Nigeria's current estimated total food deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the replacement of corn by tucumã meal in diets for commercial laying hens on performance, egg quality and economic viability analysis. The experimental period during 84 days, with four cycles of 21 days each. 180 Hisex White laying hens (25 weeks-of-age) were used. The experimental method completely randomized with the treatments constituted by six levels of corn replacement by tucumã meal (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and five replicates of six birds each. Were evaluated the performance, egg quality and economical viability. Data collected were subjected to polynomial regression (P = 0.05) after a significant ANOVA result. Feed intake raised (P < 0.05) from 60% replacement of corn by tucumã meal in the diets. After this level, the feed intake and egg production drastically reduced. These results directly reflect on feed conversion kg.kg-1 and kg.dz-1. All results of egg mass from birds fed tucumã meal were lower than control diet. Egg weight and %shell reduce from 40% replacement corn by tucumã meal. Up to this level, there was an increased in %yolk and %albumen, albumen height, yolk height and yolk color. In 100% of replacement, there was a considerable reduction on egg quality. The replacement of corn by tucumã meal affected all parameters of economic viability. The results indicate that it's possible replaced 60% of corn by tucumã meal in diets for commercial laying hens, without negative effect on performance and egg quality, and presenting good economic viability. 100% of replacement present worse results. The results of other levels did not differ among themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a May-Holling-Tanner ratio-dependent predator-prey model is studied with an alternative food source for the predator, described by a two-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations. We study the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the mentioned above system. In addition, the boundedness and positivity of these solutions are analyzed and we establish conditions for the local stability of a simplified model, through a differentiable equivalence. Likewise, the Python programming language is used to perform the simulations using the Runge-Kutta numerical method of order four with the aim of showing the different cases of qualitative analysis.

The present study aims to conduct a review on the potential use of insect meal as an alternative protein source in poultry feed, particularly to serve the rearing of free-range chickens. Insects are already part of the diet of birds in their natural habitat, and the availability of low-cost alternative foods with low environmental impact is essential for the development of the activity. The review comprehended studies that used meals consisting of silkworm (Bombyx mori) chrysalis, earthworm (Eisenia foetida), housefly (Musca domestica), black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) to replace plant-based protein sources. In general, insect meals have a high content of crude protein and ether extract, as well as an essential amino acid profile suitable for poultry feeding. The addition of insect meal in poultry feed normally shows good results as to growth performance and egg production, without causing a negative effect on carcass characteristics, meat sensory quality and egg quality, presenting itself as an alternative protein source with good prospects for replacing plant-based sources in poultry feed.

The present study aims to conduct a review on the potential use of insect meal as an alternative protein source in poultry feed, particularly to serve the rearing of free-range chickens. Insects are already part of the diet of birds in their natural habitat, and the availability of low-cost alternative foods with low environmental impact is essential for the development of the activity. The review comprehended studies that used meals consisting of silkworm (Bombyx mori) chrysalis, earthworm (Eisenia foetida), housefly (Musca domestica), black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) to replace plant-based protein sources. In general, insect meals have a high content of crude protein and ether extract, as well as an essential amino acid profile suitable for poultry feeding. The addition of insect meal in poultry feed normally shows good results as to growth performance and egg production, without causing a negative effect on carcass characteristics, meat sensory quality and egg quality, presenting itself as an alternative protein source with good prospects for replacing plant-based sources in poultry feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Hummelinck is used as an alternative food source in some Mexican communities. It has been shown that the young stems of A. tetragonus provide crude protein, fiber, and essential minerals for humans. In this work, we analyzed the phytochemical profile, the total phenolic content (TPC), and the antioxidant activity of cooked and crude samples of A. tetragonus to assess its functional metabolite contribution to humans. The phytochemical profile was analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-HESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS). Under the proposed conditions, 35 metabolites were separated and tentatively identified. Of the separated metabolites, 16 occurred exclusively in cooked samples, 6 in crude samples, and 9 in both crude and cooked samples. Among the detected compounds, carboxylic acids, such as threonic, citric, and malic acids, phenolic acids, and glycosylated flavonoids (luteolin-O-rutinoside) were detected. The TPC and antioxidant activity were analyzed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical inhibition method, respectively. The TPC and antioxidant activity were significantly reduced in the cooked samples. We found that some metabolites remained intact after the cooking process, suggesting that A. tetragonus represents a source of functional metabolites for people who consume this plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate increasing levels of fish waste oil in diets for laying hens on serum biochemistry profile. 192 Hisex White laying hens at 29 weeks of age were used, with water and food ad libitum. The experimental design was completely randomized consisting of eight treatments corresponding to the inclusion levels of fish waste oil (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5%) in the diets, with four replicates of six birds each. Data collected were subjected to polynomial regression at 5% of significance. Significant differences (P

Providing food security to the growing global population, and the resource depletion associated with current food systems, let to calls for more sustainable food sources. Food that can be produced in a sustainable way (taking all three aspects of sustainable development into consideration) is currently emerging in Western societies. Through tastings, insight can be gathered not only into sensory characteristics but also other aspects that aid innovation and development of food. The current study identified aspects that can affect tastings of emerging food by reviewing relevant literature. General aspects; meat alternatives; ingredients or processing technologies; information, prior knowledge and (un)familiarity; taste and liking; emotional factors; and willingness to engage with emerging food can affect tastings of emerging food. Awareness of the effect that these aspects can have on methodological considerations and results can be constructive in future research that use tastings as a platform to develop new and emerging food. The findings are significant for food science in terms of cornerstones towards potential industrial applications. These include innovating new types of food, assessing most effective technologies in the context of such food, developing new products, and understanding engagement with emerging food products.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and intestinal biometry of Japanese quails fed levels of corn distillery dry grain (DDG) in the rearing phase. A total of 660 Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications, with 22 quails per experimental unit during 20 days of experimentation. The treatments used were diet with 0% (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20% of corn DDG inclusion. The variables evaluated were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and intestinal biometry. Data were analyzed using the linear and quadratic regression model at 5% probability and Dunnett's test at 5% probability. The use of corn DDG showed a difference (P<0.05) for feed intake, and the inclusion level of 9.51% of DDG maximized this parameter. There were no differences (P>0.05) for weight gain and feed conversion. For intestinal biometry there was difference (P<0.05) only for jejunum and ileum length. In conclusion, it is recommended to include corn DDG in diets of Japanese quails in the rearing phase up to 10.1% without causing damage to performance parameters and intestinal biometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been growing attention among major developed countries to alternative food products using vegetable-derived ingredients to help animal welfare and environmental sustainability. The development of ICT technology and awareness of animal welfare, health, and environmental damage have led to a rise in alternative food products. This study explains consumer selection attributes for alternative foods in categories of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes, storage and usage, ethical consumption, awareness of the environment, and vegetarianism. It also intends to clarify the connection between purchase intentions and purchase preferences caused by selection attributes. The bivariate probit model (BPM) was used to quantitatively analyze consumers' selection attributes for alternative foods. Element analysis was conducted on twenty-three variables for alternative food selection attributes to derive five elements: quality and safety, environmental awareness, product specifications, ethical consumption, and storage and usage. Analysis indicated that of the five selection attributes, quality and safety and ethical consumption significantly affected vegetarian or semi-vegetarian purchase intentions and preferences. This study intends to identify the elements that affect consumer purchase intentions for alternative foods introduced from an expanding alternative food market, investigate directions for future food development, and provide useful information for consumption promotion strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we have modified the traditional May-Holling-Tanner predator-prey model used to represent the interaction between least-weasel and field-vole population by adding an Allee effect (strong and weak) on the field-vole population and alternative food source for the weasel population. It is shown that the dynamic is different from the original May-Holling-Tanner predator-prey interaction since new equilibrium points have appeared in the first quadrant. Moreover, the modified model allows the extinction of both species when the Allee effect (strong and weak) on the prey is included, while the inclusion of the alternative food source for the predator shows that the system can support the coexistence of the populations, extinction of the prey and coexistence and oscillation of the populations at the same time. Furthermore, we use numerical simulations to illustrate the impact that changing the predation rate and the predator intrinsic growth rate have on the basin of attraction of the stable equilibrium point or stable limit cycle in the first quadrant. These simulations show the stabilisation of predator and prey populations and/or the oscillation of these two species over time.

The aim of this study was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients and digestible values of crude protein, ethereal extract, gross energy and dry matter of mulberry leaf meal (MLM) (Morus alba L.) as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed. A total of 135 Nile tilapia juveniles were used, and the indirect methodology (Cr2O3) was applied for digestibility determinations. Mulberry leave meal presented good apparent digestible coefficients of protein, ethereal extract and energy with respective values of 0.94, 0.58 and 0.39. The mulberry leave meal thus comprises adequate digestible protein and digestible energy values, similar or better than other leafy foods, presenting potential for inclusion in Nile tilapia diets.

The aim of this study was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients and digestible values of crude protein, ethereal extract, gross energy and dry matter of mulberry leaf meal (MLM) (Morus alba L.) as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed. A total of 135 Nile tilapia juveniles were used, and the indirect methodology (Cr2O3) was applied for digestibility determinations. Mulberry leave meal presented good apparent digestible coefficients of protein, ethereal extract and energy with respective values of 0.94, 0.58 and 0.39. The mulberry leave meal thus comprises adequate digestible protein and digestible energy values, similar or better than other leafy foods, presenting potential for inclusion in Nile tilapia diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal by extruded whole soybean in the feeding of pigs in the nursery phase. Thirty-six piglets (Landrace x Large White), with 45 days weighing on average 11.36 kg, distributed in a randomized block design, three treatments, six replicates, two animals per repetition were used. The treatments consisted of: control treatment (T1) basal diet, basal diet with 10% replacement of soybean meal by extruded soybean (T2), basal diet with 20% replacement of soybean meal by extruded soybean (T3). The variables analyzed were: average weight, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion. The levels of ureatic activity, ether extract, crude protein, protein solubility and volatile moisture of extruded soybean were verified. No difference was found (P>0.05) between the inclusion levels of extruded soybean in piglet diets in the nursery phase for the variables studied. The processing of extruded whole soybean did not affect its digestibility. Extruded soybeans at a level of up to 20% included in piglet feeding during the nursery phase can be a possible substitute for soybean meal, without compromising the performance of the animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstrak Tiwul adalah pangan olahan berbahan baku utama umbi cassava yang proses pembuatannya relatif mudah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan alternatif lain makanan pokok selain nasi putih dengan pertimbangan bahan baku yang melimpah, harga terjangkau, tinggi kalori dan bergizi, serta survei persepsi konsumen mengenai tiwul instan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa uji hedonik konsumen dari tiwul instan secara keseluruhan bernilai 4,0 yang artinya konsumen beranggapan bahwa kesukaan terhadap tiwul instan biasa saja. Nilai rasa pada uji hedonik dan uji mutu hedonik bernilai 4,8 dan 5,4 yang artinya konsumen beranggapan bahwa rasa dari tiwul instan menunjukkan kualitas yang baik. Hasil dari penelitian survei persepsi konsumen menunjukkan bahwa 38,3% panelis memilih untuk mengonsumsi tiwul sebagai makanan sarapan, 31,7% panelis memilih untuk mengonsumsi tiwul sebagai makanan cemilan, 18,3% panelis memilih untuk mengonsumsi tiwul sebagai makanan penunda lapar, dan 11,7% panelis memilih untuk mengonsumsi tiwul sebagai makanan pengganti nasi. Kata kunci: makanan pokok alternatif, persepsi konsumen, tiwul instan, uji hedonik Abstract Tiwul is one of the foods derived from cassava, which the manufacturing process is relatively easy. The purpose of this research is to provide another alternative staple food in addition to white rice with consideration of abundant raw materials, affordable prices, high calorie and nutritious, and consumer perception surveys about instant tiwul. The results show that the consumer hedonic test of the instant tiwul is 4.0. It means the consumer assumes that the preference for the instant tiwul is normal. The taste score of hedonic test and the hedonic quality test is 4.8 and 5.4, which means the consumer thinks the quality of tiwul instant is good. The results of the consumer perception survey showed that 38.3% choose to consume tiwul as a breakfast food, 31.7% choose to consume tiwul as a snack food, 18.3% choose to consume tiwul as food for hunger delay, and 11.7% choose to consume tiwul as food for substituting rice. Keywords: alternative food, consumer perception, hedonic test, instant tiwul

In Brazil, Anodontites trapesialis is a mussel species that occurs spontaneously in fish breeding sites. This species feeds on the remains of cultural treatments of other aquaculture species. The objective of the work is to understand the bromatological composition of mussel A. trapesialis. Individuals were selected to compose three samples of 500 g each of A. trapesialis for chemical composition, with viscera and viscera + shells being evaluated. The species presented 40.42 to 62.76 g of viscera per individual with a moisture content of 5.16% for viscera + shells and 86.5% for viscera. The mussel contains 42.6 and 12.96% crude protein, 3.16 and 1.76 of ether extract, 0.76 and 2.5% of crude fiber for viscera and viscera + shells. The total digestible nutrients were 74.16 and 36.96% for viscera and viscera + shells and 18.43 and 52.83% of mineral material for viscera and viscera + shells. A. trapesialis has relevant characteristics in its chemical composition as high protein content that gives the species potential for the human, animal, and other byproducts production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the chemical characteristics of taro tuber silage (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) with panela cane (POJ93) and its effect on productive indicators of gestating commercial sows, a total of 30 F1 Landrace x Duroc sows with an average weight of 218.87 ± 2.85 kg were used. They were divided into two treatments (0 and 50% inclusion of silage in the diet), in equal parts, according to a completely randomized design. In the silage samples, the pH, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ash, ether extract, nitrogenfree extracts and gross energy were determined. In the productive performance, the final weight of the sows, piglets born at birth, piglets born alive at birth, litter weight, piglet weight at born, food intake and the feeding cost per sow were evaluated. Data were processed by ANOVA and contrast of means with Fisher's test (P <0.05). The pH was stabilized between days four (4.15) and thirty (4.15). The silage showed good content of dry matter (70.99 %), crude protein (7.01 %), ash (13.16 %), nitrogen-free extract (72.42 %), gross energy (895.21 kJ/kg DM) and low content of ether extract (1.31 %) and crude fiber (6.13 %). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatments for the final weight of the sows, piglets born at birth, total live born piglets, litter weight, piglet weight at born and food intake. The sows that were fed silage showed the lowest (P <0.05) feeding cost per sow. Under the Ecuadorian Amazon conditions, the inclusion of 50 % taro tubers silage (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) with panela cane (POJ93) in the diet for gestating commercial sows did not affect the productive performance and reduced the cost production on the stage, so it constitutes an alternative food source with optimal nutritional characteristics for this category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amount of 40 male broilers, fed Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook fruit meal in the ration, were used to determine morphometric indicators of their gastrointestinal tract. A completely randomized design was applied with four treatments, which consisted in the inclusion of 0, 5, 10 and 15% of palm kernel meal in the diet. At 42 days, animals were weighed and sacrificed. Gizzard, caeca and accessory organs (liver and pancreas) were weighed. There was an increase of gizzard size (23.28, 26.55, 25.68 g.kg-1) and of the empty caeca (4.42, 4.31, 5.38 g.kg-1) with respect to control (P <0.05). It is concluded that the inclusion of palm kernel meal in diets for broilers increased the weight of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, related to mechanical and fermentative digestion, which improves the use of the fibrous fraction by the animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until this moment, there has been no work in the literature regarding about the pig farming in the Curitiba Metropolitan Area, by this way, this work aims to characterize the swine production in this region. Between November 2017 and December 2018 was developed a descriptive field research with pig farmers in CMA in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The results were obtained by applying a semi structured interview, exchanging with producers regarding sanitary issues and through personal observation. Participated in the survey 62 swine holders distributed in 14 counties in the area. Most of the evaluated properties (51.6%) had up to 10 hectares, 80.6% used only family labor and all analyzed producing facilities combined pig farming with other activities. Of the total, 52.5% had up to 10 pigs, 80.6% practiced full-cycle rearing and 45.2% kept the animals confined in pens. In swine feeding, was more frequently reported the use of corn and leftover food, which were obtained from their own property. It was observated that pig production in Curitiba Metropolitan Area is an activity that plays an economic and social role for small scale farmers. The visited properties, in general, develop pig farming as a subsistence activity, in association with other activities and through family labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the complex dynamics of an eco-epidemic predator–prey system where disease is transmitted in prey species and predator population is being provided with alternative food. Holling type-II functional response is taken into consideration for interaction of predator and prey species. The half saturation constant for infected prey, the growth rate of susceptible prey and force of infection play a significant role to create complex dynamics in this predator–prey system where alternative food is present. It is seen that healthy disease-free system is possible here. The system shows some important dynamics viz. stable coexistence, Hopf bifurcation, period-doubling bifurcation and chaos. The analytical results obtained from the model are justified numerically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous published methods for non-targeted screening of toxins in alternative foods such as leaf concentrate, agricultural residues or plastic fed to biological consortia are time consuming and expensive and thus present accessibility, as well as, time-constraint issues for scientists from under resourced settings to identify safe alternative foods. The novel methodology presented here, utilizes a completely free and open source software toolchain for automatically screening unknown alternative foods for toxicity using experimental data from ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The process uses three distinct tools (mass spectrometry analysis with MZmine 2, formula assignment with MFAssignR, and data filtering with ToxAssign) enabling it to be modular and easily upgradable in the future. MZmine 2 and MFAssignR have been previously described, while ToxAssign was developed here to match the formulas output by formula assignment to potentially toxic compounds in a local table, then look up toxic data on the Open Food Tox Database for the matched compounds. This process is designed to fill the gap between food safety analysis techniques and developing alternative food production techniques to allow for new methods of food production to be preliminarily tested before animal testing. The methodology was validated against a previous method using proprietary commercial software. The new process identifies all of the toxic elements the previous process identified with more detailed information than the previous process was able to provide automatically. • Efficient analysis to find potentially toxic compounds in alternative foods and resilient foods. • Identification of potentially unsafe products without the use of live animal testing. • Modular free and open source design to allow for upgrading or fitting of user needs.

This study was performed to evaluate the production of gas and volatile fatty acids in diets containing byproducts from the national biodiesel industry (castor bean, canola, forage turnip, and black sunflower) in four levels (0, 30, 50 and 70%), through the use of a semi-automated in vitro technique. The inoculum for in vitro incubation was obtained from three fistulated Holstein cows. This was a 4 x 4 factorial completely randomized experimental design consisting of four levels of four byproducts. The byproduct of forage turnip was the ingredient of greatest potential for producing acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The increased production of carbon dioxide and methane in relation to the degraded dry matter was obtained using the byproduct of canola (P